• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2018

Objectives: Automated audiometry provides an opportunity to do audiometry when there is no direct access to a clinical audiologist. This approach will help to use hearing services and resources efficiently. The purpose of this study was to review studies related to automated audiometry by focusing on the implementation of an audiometer, the use of transducers and evaluation methods. Methods: This review study was conducted in 2017. The papers related to the design and implementation of automated audiometry were searched in the following databases: Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The time frame for the papers was between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2017. Initially, 143 papers were found, and after screening, the number of papers was reduced to 16. Results: The findings showed that the implementation methods were categorized into the use of software (7 papers), hardware (3 papers) and smartphones/tablets (6 papers). The used transducers were a variety of earphones and bone vibrators. Different evaluation methods were used to evaluate the accuracy and the reliability of the diagnoses. However, in most studies, no significant difference was found between automated and traditional audiometry. Conclusions: It seems that automated audiometry produces the same results compared with traditional audiometry. However, the main advantages of this method; namely, saving costs and increased accessibility to hearing services, can lead to a faster diagnosis of hearing impairment, especially in poor areas.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate optimum rate of payment and to [md the new advanced direction for the program for rural landscape conservation. We used direct evaluation method for income and production costs. According to the survey, we had done from 41 complexes(farmers) joined this program, the average production cost of landscape crops of type1 is calculated at 178,582 won per 10a and 111,517 won as type2. If the classification of crop type is adjusted, the problem formulated is improved to make possible support at the current payment rate.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2004

This paper presents a new approach for determining an accurate incentive levels of Direct Load Control (DLC) program using sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) techniques. The economic analysis of DLC resources needs to identify the hourly-by-hourly expected energy-not-served resulting from the random outage characteristics of generators as well as to reflect the availability and duration of DLC resources, which results the computational explosion. Therefore, the conventional methods are based on the scenario approaches to reduce the computation time as well as to avoid the complexity of economic studies. In this paper, we have developed a new technique based on the sequential MCS to evaluate the required expected load control amount in each hour and to decide the incentive level satisfying the economic constraints. In addition, the mathematical formulation for DLC programs' economic evaluations are developed. To show the efficiency and effectiveness of the suggested method, the numerical studies have been performed for the modified IEEE reliability test system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.636-638
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• 2003

This paper presents a new approach which is able to determine the reasonable incentive levels of direct load control using sequential Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The economic analysis needs to determine the reasonable incentive level. However, the conventional methods have been based on the scenario methods because they had not considered all cases of the direct load control situations. To overcome there problems, this paper proposes a new technique using sequential Monte Carlo simulation. The Monte Carlo method is a simple and flexible tool to consider large scale systems and complex models for the components of the system. To show its effectiveness, numerical studies were performed to indicate the possible applications of the proposed technique.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

Skyshine은 고에너지 가속기의 차폐 설계 시 반드시 고려되는 중요한 현상이다. 본 연구에서는 고에너지 전자 가속기에 대한 중성자 skyshine 평가 방법을 새롭게 제시하였으며 기존의 방법들과 비교하여 타당성을 검증하였다. 고에너지 전자가속기로부터 원거리 지역의 방사선량을 계산하기 위해 몬테카를로 코드, FLUKA와 PHITS를 이용하였다. 가속기 건물로부터 원거리 지역까지 도달하는 방사선장의 경로를 skyshine, direct, groundshine, multiple-shine으로 분류하였다. 분류된 각각의 성분이 총 유효선량에 기여하는 정도를 평가하였다. 방사선원 계산에는 10 GeV 전자가 두꺼운 표적에 입사하여 생성되는 중성자를 고려하였다. Groundshine 효과를 평가하기위해 PAL-XFEL의 건설부지토양에 대한 성분을 고려하였다. 가속기 건물로부터 비교적 가까운 50 m 미만에서는 direct와 groundshine 성분들이 총 유효선량에 대부분 기여하였다. 가속기 터널로부터 거리가 멀어질수록 skyshine 성분의 기여도가 증가하였다. 평가된 skyshine 성분에 대한 유효선량은 기존에 skyshine 선량을 계산할 때 사용되었던 반실험식 중 전자가속기를 이용한 실험결과에 기반한 Rindi의 식과 가장 잘 일치하였다. 간이계산코드 SHINE3의 결과와 20% 이내로 일치하였다. 모든 성분이 포함된 총 유효선량은 기존의 평가방식에 비해 10배 정도 크게 평가되었다. 가속기 터널로부터 원거리 지역에 대한 선량평가계산에서 mutiple-shine 성분의 영향은 skyshine 성분보다 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권6_spc호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2016

A series of process to design an acoustic lens for underwater imaging is reviewed and the method to evaluate characteristics of the lens is investigated. If the target specification of lens is given, the design process consists of the material selection, evaluation of its properties, lens geometry design, prediction of lens characteristics, manufacturing, and evaluation by measurement. In this study, an actual acoustical lens is made by cutting polymethylpentene block. The characteristics of lens are predicted by the hybrid method, combination of ray tracing and Rayleigh integral. For the direct comparison between the prediction and measurement results, a simulation method based on the equivalent source method is suggested to reflect the actual radiation pattern of transducer used for measurements. Finally, the measurement is conducted in a small water tank to observe the actual characteristics of the manufactured lens.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2022

As the population is aging, accidents involving elderly people are also increasing (2014:11,667 persons; 2018: 11,797 persons). In the case of the elderly population, falling accidents are the primary direct or indirect causes of death; in particular, they face an elevated risk of staircase falls. This study proposes a method of evaluating the safety of staircases using Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based virtual simulation. By making a virtual user with the behavioral characteristics of the elderly respond to a staircase in a BIM model, its safety performance can be evaluated. The evaluation criteria were derived from regulations, elements, and characteristics relevant to the safety of staircases. To validate the proposed method, safety evaluation tests were simulated on actual staircases. The evaluation result of the test simulation shows the safety scores of 1.97 points for the elderly user and 2.95 points for the average male adult user against a required safety score of a minimum of 2 points. That is, safety is relative to users as the safety of the same staircase can be different depending upon the different behavioral characteristics of users. The study suggests that the risk of staircase-related fall accidents to the elderly can be reduced by improving staircase designs through the proposed method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.569-589
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• 2002

In performing the dynamic analysis, the step size used in a step-by-step integration method might be much smaller than that required by the accuracy consideration in order to capture the rapid chances of dynamic loading or to eliminate the linearization errors. It was first found by Chen and Robinson that these difficulties might be overcome by integrating the equations of motion with respect to time once. A further study of this technique is conducted herein. This include the theoretical evaluation and comparison of the capability to capture the rapid changes of dynamic loading if using the constant average acceleration method and its integral form and the exploration of the superiority of the time integration to reduce the linearization error. In addition, its advantage in the solution of the impact problems or the wave propagation problems is also numerically demonstrated. It seems that this time integration technique can be applicable to all the currently available direct integration methods.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.644-647
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• 1999

The main objective of this paper is to design and test a new type of polymer ZnO surge arrester for DC power system of railroad vehicles. The rated voltage is 1500v direct current. The main research works are focused on structure design by finite element method, rat ing vol tape, temporary over vol tape and studies of character int ice of polymeric surge arrester .

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.960-966
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• 2012

The diversity and composition of yeast populations may greatly impact wine quality. This study investigated the yeast microbiota in two different types of wine fermentations: direct inoculation of a commercial starter versus pied de cuve method at an industrial scale. The pied de cuve fermentation entailed growth of the commercial inoculum used in the direct inoculation fermentation for further inoculation of additional fermentations. Yeast isolates were collected from different stages of wine fermentation and identified to the species level using Wallersterin Laboratory nutrient (WLN) agar followed by analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain. Genetic characteristics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were assessed by a rapid PCR-based method, relying on the amplification of interdelta sequences. A total of 412 yeast colonies were obtained from all fermentations and eight different WL morphotypes were observed. Non-Saccharomyces yeast mainly appeared in the grape must and at the early stages of wine fermentation. S. cerevisiae was the dominant yeast species using both fermentation techniques. Seven distinguishing interdelta sequence patterns were found among S. cerevisiae strains, and the inoculated commercial starter, AWRI 796, dominated all stages in both direct inoculation and pied de cuve fermentations. This study revealed that S. cerevisiae was the dominant species and an inoculated starter could dominate fermentations with the pied de cuve method under controlled conditions.