• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.1179-1187
• /
• 2018

We study the class of rings R with the property that for $x{\in}R$ at least one of the elements x and 1 + x are tripotent. We prove that a commutative ring has this property if and only if it is a subring of a direct product $R_0{\times}R_1{\times}R_2$ such that $R_0/J(R_0){\cong}{\mathbb{z}}_2$, for every $x{\in}J(R_0)$ we have $x^2=2x$, $R_1$ is a Boolean ring, and $R_3$ is a subring of a direct product of copies of ${\mathbb{z}}_3$.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we investigate the stability of two functional equations f(ax+by + cz) - abf(x + y) - bcf(y + z) - acf(x + z) + bcf(y) - a(a - b - c)f(x) - b(b - a)f(-y) - c(c - a - b)f(z) = 0, f(ax+by + cz) + abf(x - y) + bcf(y - z) + acf(x - z) - a(a + b + c)f(x) - b(a + b + c)f(y) - c(a + b + c)f(z) = 0 by applying the direct method in the sense of Hyers and Ulam.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study is to compare radiation dose in diagnostic X-ray radiography and calculated by different mathematical equation. The result of ESDs direct measurement and that calculated by Mori NDD-M shows the biggest difference. On the other hand, equation by Edmonds shows the lowest difference of ESDs. Also, Rectification due to the difference between direct dose measurement and calculation method commutated three-phase, single phase and inverter type, show less difference in the drive way. In conclusion, this study can be helpful for expecting radiation dose-exposure and control exposure parameters for the diagnostic x-ray radiography.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2008

Recently, almost games are using the 3D environment. Therefore, it required strongly that well-structured 3D engine or tools for development of some complicate 3D applications efficiently. In this paper, we design and implement a 3D engine (PLay engine) using the DirectX 9 SDK of the Microsoft corporation. The PLay engine has independent module structure, which has object oriented characteristics. and has not only 3D rendering functions but efficient algorithms. Moreover, we implement some tools what has compatibility with our engine for convenience. Therefore, it helps development of a 3D application easily and efficiently. We also describe each module with 2-layer structure, and each tool with compatible module, and make a simple game using PLay engine for testify.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.1226-1233
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to overview the recently changed environments of developing a computer game software and propose an appropriate developemnt methodology to these environments. For the speed of playing 3-dimensional games in window-based environments of personal computer, we investigated DirectX as a game development library and suggested a guideline for developing 3-dimensional computer games which is compatible with various hardware platforms and keep up a fitting speed of game-playing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.337-340
• /
• 2004

현재 우리나라에는 사용자들의 사실감을 더해주는 3D 기반 온라인 게임이 큰 주류를 이루고 있다. 국내에 많은 게임 개발 업체들이 있는데, 이들 업체에서는 게임 엔진 개발 의욕은 높은 반면 관련 전문 인력이 부족하고, 업체 규모가 영세한 경우가 많다. 또한 게임 설계와 관련된 기술은 보안이 철저하기 때문에 기술 공유가 사실상 힘들다. 인력과 시간이 많이 드는 네트워크 게임제작에서 기존에 작성된 코드를 재사용이 가능하도록 소프트웨어를 설계하는 것은 중요한 일이다. 지금까지 검증된 여러 가지 디자인 패턴들이 재사용을 위한 소프트웨어 설계에 도움을 준다. 본 논문에서는 DirectX를 기반으로 하는 네트워크 게임의 클라이언트 측 설계에 GoF(Gang of Four)의 디자인 패턴 영역 중 생성패턴을 이용하여 재사용이 가능한 네트워크 게임 설계에 대한 효율적인 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2021

This paper presents the definition and importance of ship-centric direct communication concerning ship safety of maritime autonomous and unmanned ships. It also proposes the concept of MX-S2X communication based on high frequency for wide-bandwidth technology and describes the design and simulation result for the physical layer of MX-S2X. It considered high-speed communication as well as overcoming maritime multi-path fading required to be resolved in the marine environment. The physical layer of MX-S2X communication was designed to overcome the occurrence of error-floor caused by multi-path fading even with receiving sufficient signal strength. To this purpose, a performance analysis was conducted on the physical layer by applying the channel model of the actual maritime communication environment. As a result of the performance analysis of the MX-S2X physical layer, it was confirmed that the BER error-floor observed in the VDE physical layer test was overcome, and it operated within the SNR 2dB degradation range compared to the AWGN channel. It is expected that this will show enough performance suitable for short-distance ship-centered direct communication and can be used for direct communication of maritime autonomous ships, unmanned ships, and group navigation of themshortly.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.9
• /
• pp.2403-2411
• /
• 1997

Direct3D is a recently developed 3D graphic accelerator such that we could make a Windows graphic programs with Direct3D easily. This paper presents the fractal terrain model viewer developed in terms of Direct3D. The object classes and the input dialog box used the model viewer, program initializing process, and the flow of the model viewer are discussed. Finally, the output of terrain formulation in wire-frame, solid, and point type form are presented. To show the results, the data of a terrain model were made by a fractal technique, the midpoint displacement methods with square lattices of points.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.17.2-17
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to solve the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability problem for a cubic functional equation 8f(x-y/2)＋8f(y-x/2)＋2f(x＋y)=9f(x)＋9f(y) on the basis of a direct method.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.331-340
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we investigate the stability for the functional equation $f(x+ky)-kf(x+y)+kf(x-y)-f(x-ky)-(k^3-k)f(y)+(k^3-k)f(-y)=0$ in the sense of M. S. Moslehian and Th. M. Rassias.