• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the characteristics of morphological, contextual as relational aggression among 4-year old children during free play periods. The ethnographic methods included participants observation of children's play interaction behaviors, field notes, video taping and analysis of transcribed date. The results are as exclusion occurred by group power taking the relational attribute, including direct language, while the other would not be revealed easily other than being in line with real relation. Also as follows; proactive relational aggression was more frequently observed in girls, and their major strategies employed against someone they disliked were ignoring them, distorting play-rules, and so on. Major strategies of reactive relational aggression in girls were largely manipulative in nature, for example, 'threatrning their friend' and 'withdrawal of friendship'.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.272-277
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• 1994

The damage of a thin film of Rd6G dye was probed by Surface Second-Harmonic Generation(SSHG) method. A portion of the Rd6G thin film on glass substrate was damaged by 532 nm laser beam, and the damage was probed by detecting intensity variation of SSHG. The result was confirmed through direct observation with optical microscope.oscope.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2017

We investigate properties of black hole (BH) binaries formed in globular clusters, by using direct N-body simulations. Comparing with previous studies which usually considered single BH masses, our models consist of two-component BH masses, or continuous BH mass function with single mass ordinary cluster stars. During the early stage of dynamical evolution, initially distributed BHs are move to the cluster center by dynamical friction, then BH-BH binaries start to be formed, and eventually be ejected from the cluster due to three body interaction. Finally we find the formation efficiency of high mass BHs are alwats larger than that of lower mass BHs, implying that a BH mass spectrum expected from GW observation should be biased to high mass. In addition, mass ratios of BHs in binaries prefer similar masses (ratio~1), while the most extreme case is less than 3. Expected merger rate from our models is about 7 BH-BH mergers per $Mpc^3$ per yr.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

Experiential education is a core curriculum of pharmacy education. In experiential education, formative feedback is an integral component of learning and teaching process. Feedback is defined as information provided by a preceptor regarding student's performance based on direct observation. With effective feedback, students can have opportunities to reinforce or correct behaviors and to acquire knowledge or skills. Students highly value and appreciate feedback. They rank provision of effective feedback as one of the most important qualities of preceptors. Preceptors, however, lack an understanding of feedback or practical skills necessary for providing effective feedback. As a result in reality, the feedback provided to students can be differentially effective in improving students' learning. This article describes a theoretical understanding of feedback including definition and value, as well as types of feedback. In addition, practical aspects in providing feedback, such as contents, timing, techniques, and models, are addressed. By understanding the value of feedback and mastering various feedback skills, preceptors will promote students' learning and enhance educational outcomes of experiential education.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.956-957
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• 2015

This paper analyzes a operating characteristic for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic generation system. MPPT methods are used to maximize PV array output power by tracking maximum power point(MPP) continuously. To increase the output efficiency of PV system, it is important to have more efficient MPPT. MPPT algorithm is widely used the control method such as the perturbation and observation(PO) method, incremental conductance(IC) method and constant voltage(CV) method. In case of the radiation is changed, this paper proposes a response characteristic with MPPT control algorithms. Also, it proposes the direct for a novel MPPT control algorithm development through the analyzed data, hereby proves the effectiveness of this paper.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.474-480
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• 1996

We present a study of evolutionary changes in expression of actin genes among closely related sea urchin species that exhibit different modes of early development. For this purpose, polyclonal antisera raised against peptides from the carboxyl terminus of the HeCyI cytoskeletal actin of Heliocidaris erythrogramma were used. H. erythrogramma is a direct developing sea urchin that proceeds from embryonic to adult stages without an intervening feeding larval stage. Expression patterns of the CyI actin isoform were compared with those of Heliocidaris tuberculata and to a related sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, which both produce a feeding pluteus larval stage. The CyI actin of all three species is expressed in the same cell types. However, its expression patterns have been changed with reorganization of early cell lineage differentiation, which is apparent among the three species. Thus. evolutionary changes in CyI actin gene expression patterns are correlated with not only phylogenetic relationship, but developmental mode. The implication of this observation is that evolutionary changes in expression patterns of histospecific genes may underlie the emergence of novel developmental processes.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2015

Creativity is an ever-increasing research area related to fashion design, namely the documentation and dissemination of creative scholarship. The purpose of this project is to apply creative bridge or creative leap theory to the development of an existing designer's garment collection using the creative design process of an architect. A single case study design was used to investigate the phenomenon of design process creative leap using a direct observation. Results indicate the difficult challenge of producing new and individualized silhouettes for the marketability of clothing, it is apparent that new methods of fostering creativity in designers through non-traditional approaches would benefit the education of apparel designers. Through targeted design practice, educators and practitioners can apply the principles of scientific inquiry into design processes to solve a problem, address a challenge, or create based on personal inspirations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.447-452
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• 2000

The grinding plays a key role which decide the quality of a product finally. But the grinding process is very irregular, so it is very difficult to analyse the process accurately. Therefore it is very important in the aspect of precision and automation to reduce the idle time and to decide the proper dressing time by visualizing. In this study, we choose the direct method of observation by making use of computer vision, and apply pattern classification technique to the method of measuring the wheel surface. Pattern classification technique is proper to analyse complex surface image. We observe the change of the wheel surface by making use of the gray level run lengths which are representative prince in this technique.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.191-195
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• 2007

The colonization pattern and extent of decay produced in paddy stubble by soil inhabiting mycoflora were done by using nylon net bag technique. Among the three methods used for isolation of fungi, dilution plate technique recorded the highest number of fungi followed by damp chamber and direct observation method. Nutrient availability and climatic conditions (temperature, humidity and rainfall) influenced the occurrence and colonization pattern of fungi. Maximum fungal population was recorded in October ($48.99{\times}10^4/g$ dry litter) and minimum in May ($11.41{\times}10^4/g$ dry litter). Distribution of Deuteromycetous fungi was more in comparison to Zygomycetes, oomycetes and ascomycetes. In the early stage of decomposition Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus nigricans, Chaetomium globosum and Gliocladium species were found primarly whereas at later stages of decomposition preponderance of Aspergillus candidus, Torula graminis, Cladosporiun cladosporioides and Aspergillus luchuensis was recorded.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2012

Before the construction of Hantangang dam, we surveyed vertebrate fauna along the Hantangang River and collected samples. We collected 248 specimens (1,394 individuals) of 41 fish species from 10 families in four orders, including 17 endemic species and 5 endangered species. In our herpetofauna survey, we collected 47 amphibian samples of 10 species from 5 families in 2 orders, and 19 reptile samples of 5 species from 2 families in 1 order. We observed 25 species of bird (6 orders, 14 families) inclulding collection of 51 bird specimens (10 species from 5 families in 1 order). We collected 91 mammals of 6 species, and identified 7 species from field sign and direct observation from a total of 10 families in 5 orders. This collection and list comprise the final vertebrate faunal survey of the Hantangang region, and will provide basic scientific information for future research on conservation and restoration of the region.