• 제목/요약/키워드: Direct Observation

검색결과 618건 처리시간 0.032초

만성경증의 영양부족과 인지능력과의 관련성에 대한 연구 : 학령기 아동 경우 (Marginal Malnutrition and Cognitive Performance in School-Aged Children)

  • 오세영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.593-602
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    • 1993
  • As part of the Nutrition CRSP Mexico project conducted in rural villages in highland Mexico, this study examined whether nutritional factors, family characteristics, and the duration of schooling were associated with cognitive performances in 107 schoolers(53 boys and 54 girls) aged 8~10. Food intake was measured by recall, direct observation and weighment twice monthly over the course of a year. Families were characterized in terms of socioeconomic status and parental cognitive performance, education and aspiration. Dietary quality, but not energy intake, and anthropometry (wt-for-age, ht-for-age, head circumference) were significantly associated with cognitive test results for both verbal and performance measures. When the effect of SES is controlled using partial correlation, the relationships were substantially weakened. Sex differences were also found in response to nutritional deprivation. Among boys, dietary quality was the most important indicator of cognitive performance, while household economic conditions were more importantly associated with cognitive performance among girls. Participation in schooling was important for cognitive skille as it related to nutritional status.

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Triplet Excitation Energy Transfer in Choleic Acid Crystals

  • Kook, Seong-Keun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.2409-2413
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    • 2007
  • Time resolved phosphorescence of Dibromobenzophenone (DBBP) choleic acid crystal was observed at 4.2 K as functions of excitation energy and delay time. The experimental results reveal that the energy transfer efficiency is dependent on the excitation energy, i.e. the density of acceptors sites. As the excitation energy or delay time increases, the resonance phosphorescence does not broaden and shift gradually, rather a broad luminescence band develops about 290 cm?1 to lower energy of the resonance phosphorescence. The observation implies that energy transfer from high to low energy sites in this system is controlled by emission of phonons or vibrons. The data of time resolved experiments were analyzed in terms of a mechanism involving direct donor-acceptor excitation transport by exchange coupling. It was concluded that an isotropic twodimensional exchange interaction topology is consistent with energy transfer in this system.

Nature of Surface and Bulk Defects Induced by Epitaxial Growth in Epitaxial Layer Transfer Wafers

  • Kim, Suk-Goo;Park, Jea-Gun;Paik, Un-Gyu
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.143-147
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    • 2004
  • Surface defects and bulk defects on SOI wafers are studied. Two new metrologies have been proposed to characterize surface and bulk defects in epitaxial layer transfer (ELTRAN) wafers. They included the following: i) laser scattering particle counter and coordinated atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Cu-decoration for defect isolation and ii) cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) foil preparation using focused ion beam (FIB) and TEM investigation for defect morphology observation. The size of defect is 7.29 urn by AFM analysis, the density of defect is 0.36 /cm$^2$ at as-direct surface oxide defect (DSOD), 2.52 /cm$^2$ at ox-DSOD. A hole was formed locally without either the silicon or the buried oxide layer (Square Defect) in surface defect. Most of surface defects in ELTRAN wafers originate from particle on the porous silicon.

Effects of Intervention Using PARO on the Cognition, Emotion, Problem Behavior, and Social Interaction of Elderly People with Dementia

  • Koh, In Soon;Kang, Hee Sun
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.300-309
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of intervention using the therapeutic robot, PARO, on the cognition, emotion, problem behavior, and social interaction of elderly people with dementia. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 33 elderly people with dementia living in a nursing home facility participated in the study, with 17 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. The intervention program with PARO was administered twice a week for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Data were collected before and after intervention, using a questionnaire, direct observation, and video recording. Results: There were statistically significant differences in positive emotions and problem behaviors between the groups. The experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in social interaction. Conclusion: PARO intervention can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention to increase positive emotions and social interaction, as well as decrease problem behaviors, in elderly people with dementia living in nursing home facilities.

박판의 재인발 가공 에서의 한계인발비 및 성형하중 의 예측 에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Prediction of Limit Drawing Ratio And Forming Load in Redrawing of Sheet Metal)

  • 박장호;양동열
    • 대한기계학회논문집
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 1983
  • The study is concerned with the analysis of sheet metal for the prediction of limit drawing ratio and forming load. The direct redrawing process is analyzed by using an equilibrium approach and strain increment theory both for non-workhardening material and for workhardening material. Computations are carried out numerically for the workhardening case. Limit drawing ratios are predicted for some chosen variables. The forming loads are also computed with respect to punch travel. Then the predicted loads are compared with the experimental results. For ordinary lubricated conditions, the comparison shows reasonable agreement between the theory and experimental observation. It is also shown that limit drawing ration can be increased by using a greater die angle and proper lubrication significantly reduces the punch load. Finally numerical results show that material of greater R-value and strain-hardening exponent(n)is better for direst redrawing of sheet metal.

SEM내 미소절삭에 의한 초경합금재의 칩 생성 기구 (Chip Formation of WC-Co on Micro-cutting in SEM)

  • 허성중;김원일
    • 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.604-607
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    • 2003
  • This study investigates the micro-cutting of cemented carbides using PCD(polycrystalline diamond) and PCBN(polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) cutting tools are performed with SEM direct observation method. The purpose of this study is to make clear the cutting mechanism of cemented carbides and the fracture of WC particles at the plastic deformation zone in orthogonal micro-cutting. And also to achieve systematic understanding, the effect of machining parameter on chip formation and machined surface was investigated, including cutting speed. depth of cut and various tool rake angle.

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난류 채널 유동에서 폴리머 첨가제에 의한 최대 항력감소 (Maximum drag reduction in turbulent channel flow by polymer additives)

  • 민태기;최해천;유정열
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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    • pp.475-478
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    • 2002
  • Maximum drag reduction (MDR) in turbulent channel flow by polymer additives is studied by direct numerical simulation. An Oldroyd-B model is adopted to express the polymer stress because it is believed that MDR is closely related to the elasticity of the polymeric liquids. The Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity and the channel height is 40000. MDR in the present study is $44{\%}$ and this is in a good agreement with the Virk's asymptote. Turbulence statistics are also in good agreements with the experimental observation. In the 'large drag reduction', the decrease of turbulent kinetic energy is compensated by the increase of energy transfer from the polymer to the flow. Therefore, MDR is a dynamic equilibrium state of the energy transfer between the polymer and the flow.

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Resorcin Blue 염색 기법에 의한 감자 잎말림병의 형광 현미경적 진단 (Diagnosis of Potato Leafroll disease by Fluorescence Microscopic Detection of Callose Stained with Resorcin Blue)

  • 이철호;나용준
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 1995
  • Deep blue fluorescence of resorcin blue-stained callose was observed only in the potato leafroll virus (PLRV)-infected potato plants, but not in other potato viruses investigated. The plant sections stained with aniline blue showed non-specific fluorescence regardless of PLRV infection, which means that aniline blue is not suitable for the staining of callose induces by PLRV infection. The fluorescence of resorcin blue-stained callose was more easily detectable than autofluorescence by a direct fluorescence detection method because of its deep blue color. The lateral branch of lower leaves was turned out to be the best material for fluorescence observation of all plant parts tested. In comparison of diagnostic efficacy of this technique to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PLRV infected potato plants showed corresponding increment of the fluorescence of resorcin blue stained callose as absorption values in ELISA increased. In the future, the criteria measuring the fluorescence objectively are thought to be determined for the practical application to the diagnosis of potato leafroll disease.

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한강 상류유역의 강우강도에 따른 수위 예측 연구 (The study for water level estimation by rainfall intensity of the upper region in the han river)

  • 최한규;조현종;백효선
    • 산업기술연구
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    • 제30권B호
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2010
  • Recently, there has been enormous damage due to river floodings caused by localized heavy rains. The direct discharge triggered by those torrential rains inflicts severe property damage on the residents of nearby areas. To minimize the possibility of river floodings in case of heavy rains and to predict the possible damage, the management of existing rainfall and water level observatories should be checked and prediction methods based on the characteristics of water usage and floodgate of nearby rivers must be further analyzed. Therefore, this research analyzed the water level change predictions on different spots with a regression equation of rainfall and water levels, using the observation data of the water level observatory in Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon Province and the rainfall observatory which are located on the upper region of the Han river.

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