• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 1999

Ture diplacement of a fault monement is calculated from the displacement of the index plane such as bedding on an outcrop surface. The input parameters are the orientations of the index, fault, and outcrop planes. It is also necessary to input the orientation of fault striation and the offset distance of the index plane on the outcrop surface. The distances of the total, strike, horizontal and dip slip components of the fault movement are calculated from the input parameters. Hwang(1998) conducted a simlar calculation using trigonoment method. To apply the previous method, the offset distance of the index plane must be measured on a vertical outcrop surface. The calculation method of this study accepts the offset distence of index plane on an outcrop plane of any orientation. Calculation results from both method are indentical, regardless of the simplicity of the new method.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전자세라믹스 센서 및 박막재료 반도체재료 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.104-107
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• 2000

It is well known that the state of existence of molecules on the surface of water changes during compression of the molecules. Electric methods, such as the measurement of the surface potential or displacement current, are also useful for investigating dynamic changes of the molecular state on the water surface during compression. Maxwell-Displacement-Current(MDC) measuring technique has been applied to the study of monolayers of Arachidic acid and L-$\alpha$-Dimyristoyl Phosphatidylcholine(L-$\alpha$-DMPC). The displacement current was generated from monolayers on a water surface by monolayer compression. Displacement current was generated in the gas state, gas/liquid state, and liquid state in the course of monolayer compression. The researchers examined diplacement current of electric conduction organic monolayer generated due to orient change of monolayers alkylchain.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.37-55
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• 1989

When a ship is sailing on the sea, she has the six-degrees of freedom of motion. It means that she meets a lot of dangerous situations. Especially, when the VLCC is travelling in irregular sea, the slamming, the deck-wetness and the propeller racing are occured with the sea state she is on. These are the representative steps that a heave-to and a scudding are used for a ship building , but for a predominance in both. The author intends to clarify this problem theoretically. The methods of statistical calculation are based with the ITTC spectral formulation and with the assumption that the wave height histogram follows the Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the author gives an attention on the relative bow motion to a wave in the irregular sea. It is verified that the relative diplacement at the bow to sea level in the following sea is less than that in the head sea. It is confirmed that, therefore, one have to sail with scudding when he is threatened to heave-to at a rough sea. But he must bear the propeller racing in mind in the cases.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to to analyze the mechanical stress on articular disk of the dentated skull with the condition of unilateral posterior molar missing. For this study, the three dimensional finite element model of human skull scanned by means of computed tomography. (G.E. 8800 Quick, USA) was constructed. The finite element model of jaws is composed of 98,394 elements and 38,321 nodes, and it consists of articular disc, maxilla, mandible, teeth, periodontal ligament and cranium. Boundary condition included rigid restraints at the first molar and endosteal cortical surfaces of the insertion points of temporal bone. The data derived from Nelson's study were used for the loading conditions of mandible during clenchings and for maxilla, new loading and constraint conditions were applied. A clenching task during intercuspal position was modeled to the three dimensional finite element model. The stress level and displacement of articualr disc on the model with unilateral posterior molar missing under bilateral clenching task can be analyzed. During bilateral clenchings, the compressive stress level and diplacement of the articular disk on the side of unilateral posterior molar missing is greater than that on the case with full dentition, whereas a higher stress was found on the disk on the balancing side of the full dentition. Although this kind of study is not enough to explain the role of occlusion as an etiologic factor of TMD, there may be a possibiliy that the condition of posterior molar missings may contribute in part to the TMJ biomechanics.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2005

본 연구는 구조물의 정량적 강성설계 기법 개발, 즉 부재 단위의 강성 재설계를 통한 전역 자유도 변위의 정량적 조절 기법개발을 궁극적 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 전역 자유도에 대한 부재의 변위기여도계수와 내력기여도계수를 유도하고, 이를 이용하여 특정 변위를 정량적으로 예측, 제어할 수 있도록 부재 강성과 특정 변위간의 상관식을 유도 제시하였다. 간단한 예제 구조물의 해석과 제안식 적용을 통한 변위 예측값 사이의 비교를 통하여 제안식을 검증하였다. 정정구조물의 경우 본 상관식은 정해로서, 이를 이용하여 폭정 변위를 원하는 목표치로 정확하게 제어할 수 있으며, 부정정구조물의 경우에도 부재 내력 재분배에 의한 오차가 발생하기는 함에도 불구하고 각 부재 강성과 특정 변위간의 상관성과 경향을 제시함으로써 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 정량적 변위 제어 기법은 강성설계가 전체 설계 결과를 지배하게 되는 대 공간구조물 또는 초고층건물의 설계 시 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2011

현재 교량구조물의 진동과 관련된 규정이나 시방지침이 미비한 상태여서 장경간 교량설계시 진동사용성에 대한 검토가 전혀 수행되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 교량의 진동사용성 평가를 위해 Meister진동감각곡선을 이용하여 동일한 지간 및 도로폭을 가진 단경간 형식별 교량에 대해 해석적인 방법으로 평가를 실시하고자 한다. 구조해석 프로그램 MIDAS를 사용하여 각 교량의 거더는 프레임 요소로 하고 슬래브는 판요소로 모델링하여 설계 차량의 이동하중을 적용하여 시간이력해석을 수행하였다. 시간 이력해석에 의한 처짐 및 가속도 진폭을 Meister의 진동감각곡선을 이용하여 교량형식별 진동사용성을 비교 평가함으로써 장경간 교량의 설계단계에서 진동사용성을 검토할 수 있는 해석적 프로세스를 제시하였고 적절한 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Statement of problems: The concept of CR has also changed continuously.?In order to find out the factors that affect the centric slide, studies were carried out to compare the forms of wisdom teeth eruption, lateral movement, premature contact in CR, and anterior movement. Research and statistical methods were based on the report by the 1980 Korean dental association. Material and method: In our study, 403 dentists in their twenties and dentistry students who could understand CR and CO (and who did not receive occlusal, orthodontic treatment, without extreme caries and large prosthodontic care) were compared with the 25 year old results. A segment of line parallel to the upper incisor was marked on the lower incisor. When seen laterally, a line perpendicular to the occlusal plane was drawn on the foremost area of the upper incisor. This line was extended to the lower incisor and the two points (points at the lower and upper incisors) were used as reference points for the CO. After guiding the occlusion to the CR, two lines were marked by using the same method that was used for the CO. The point in which these lines meet became the reference point of CR occlusion Results and conclusions: Results of the experiment completed in 1980 show that all 307 research members had anterior-posterior and upper-lower displacement. Displacement measurements were $0.7{\pm}0.4mm$ for the anterior-posterior displacement, $0.99{\pm}0.50mm$ for the upper-lower displacement,0.18{\pm}0.31 mm for the lateral displacement, and $1.32{\pm}0.67mm$ for the total displacement. Results of the 2006 experiment show that all 409 research members had anterior-posterior and upper-lower displacement. The anterior-posterior displacement was $1.12{\pm}0.86mm$, the upper-lower displacement was $1.02{\pm}0.71mm$, the lateral displacement was $0.61{\pm}0.56mm$, and the total displacement was $1.80{\pm}0.99mm$. No specific differences were found between each group when comparing displacement according to the forms of wisdom teeth eruption. Since 1980, the percentage of unerupted teeth has increased from 35.16% (111/307 people) to 57.5% (236/409 people). Westernization of the Korean cranial form and intraoral structure has brought about these results. In our experiment, 26.7% (109/409 people) of the subjects were cuspid guided, while 7.3% (30/409 people) were mutually guided. No specific differences were found in the amount of displacement between the two groups. Only the subjects with anteriors coming in contact made up the largest percentage group (42.3%, 173/409 people) in our study. No specific differences were found between each group.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1997

Chunggeumtang has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for respiratory disease. The effect of Chunggeumtang on tracheal smooth muscle is not konwn. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Chunggeumtang on histamine and acetylcholine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats and guinea pigs. Guinea pig(500g, male) and Sprague Dawley rats (250g, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat and guinea pig was cut into equal swegments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force diplacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of histamine (His) and acetylcholine (Ach) which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for histamine and acetylcholine($10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-4}M$). Contractions evoked by His ($ED_{50}$) and Ach ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Chunggeumtang. In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $6.1%after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang, and 49.4% (p<0.01) after $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of acetylcholine induced contraction was $6.7%\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang, and $54.2%\;(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang. Also, in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $30.6%\;(p<0.05)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang, and $53.0%\;(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang. In rat tracheal smooth muscle, the mean percent inhibition of histamine induced contraction was $24.1%\;(p<0.05)\;after\;30{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang, and $55.3%\;(p<0.01)\;after\;100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang. Propranolol and indomethacin($10^{-7}M$) slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Chunggeumtang. Following treatment with propranolol, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 27.6% in guinea pig induced by acetylcholine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 28.7% (p<0.05) in rat induced by acetylcholine contraction and the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 16.2% in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 28.7% (p<0.05) in rat induced by histamine contraction. Indomethacin, the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 20.0% in guinea pig induced by acetylcholine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 16.9% (p<0.05) in rat induced by acetylcholine contraction and the mean percent inhibition caused by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 16.4% in guinea pig induced by histamine contraction and by $100{\mu}l/ml$ Chunggeumtang fell to 23.1% (p<0.05) in rat induced by histamine contraction. Methylene blue($10^{-7}M$) did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chunggeumtang. Also, I could find the effects of Chunggeumtang and Chunggeumtanggamorphine on the tracheal smooth muscle in guinea pig and rat did not change significantly. These results indicate that Chunggeumtang can relax histamine and acetylcholine-induced contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves sympathetic effects and the release of cyclooxygenase products.