• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2016

Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage of ethyl acetate fractions extracted from Cone of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) were investigated to find utilization of Cone, by-product of Red Pine, thrown out after berry shatter, as a new natural plant resource. Cone from P. densiflora was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and separated to petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction. Among them, ethyl acetate fraction was used. The antioxidant activity was conducted by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, Fe²⁺ chelating assay and reducing power assay. The inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage was determined by DNA cleavage assay using φX-174 RF I plasmid. The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity at 200 ㎍/㎖ of extracts were 86.50% and 95.80% respectively, which were similar figures compared with L-ascorbic acid as control. Fe²⁺ chelating activity was 77.96% and reducing power was 0.77 at 200 ㎍/㎖. Total phenolic component was 27.29±0.3 ㎎/g and Vitamin C content was 1.84±0.1 ㎎/g. Also ethyl acetate fraction from Cone has inhibitory effect, using φX-174 RF I plasmid on DNA cleavage assay. In conclusion, Cone, by-product of P. densiflora, showed high antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage. Therefore this study suggests Cone, useless by-product, can be developed as a new natural plant resource with lots of utilization such as an effective antioxidant, natural medicine, food, cosmetics and so on.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.40-44
• /
• 2001

DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and Vitamin contents in different plant parts and harvesting time of Rosa rugosa Thunb were determined. Among the plants parts analysed, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in part was root $(below\;0.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$, leaf contained the highest ascorbic acid content of 2999.6 mg/100g. Fruit contained ascorbic acid (713.6 mg/ 100g) 4.2 times less than leaf. Vitamin contents in leaf parts also differed depanding on harvesting time. Vitamin content in leaf harvested in November was much higher than that in September. Spectrophotometric analysis of total ${\beta}-carotene$ in leaf showed lower contents than that in fruit.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.337-345
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the protox activity, the PPIX accumulation and the activity of antioxidative enzymes of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars by oxyfluorfen and oxytluorfen-similar herbicides treatment. When treated with acifluorfen, bifenox or oxadiazon, the oxyfluorfen-tolerant rice cultivars showed less decreased in fresh weight than the susceptible rice cultivars. The inhibition of protox activity was in the order of acifluorfen > oxyfluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the PPIX accumulation was in the sequence of oxadiazon > acifluorfen > oxyfluorfen > bifenox. The inhibition of protox activity and the PPIX accumulation by the herbicide was greater in the susceptible rice cultivars than in the tolerant rice cultivars. The effect inhibiting the decrease of chlorophyll content resulting from the treatment of GC, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis inhibitor, was in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the tolerant rice cultivar had more than the susceptible rice cultivar. In the treatment of DPE and oxadiazon, the activities of MDAR, POX and GR was higher in the tolerant rice cultivar than in the susceptible rice cultivar, and in the case of POX isozyme the activities of main D and E bands increased in the tolerant rice cultivars at tested herbicides but they didn't in the susceptible rice cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed by oxyfluorfen and the herbicides having similar mode of action treatment. After the treatment of $10^{-5}M$ oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars no showed the structural damage of leaf surface, but the susceptible rice cultivate was damaged in the wax and the susceptible barnyardgrass was even destroyed in the tissue irregularly. Also in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass the thickness of leaf blade was greatly decreased. The anatomical change was not observed in the tolerant rice cultivars but epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells were badly broken in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass and especially after 24 hours of the treatment the structure of susceptible rice cultivars was completely disintegrated. The irregularity of chloroplast shape and the distortion of chloroplast envelope were generally observed and the starch tended to decrease by oxyfluorfen treatment regardless of rice cultivars. Such a structural damage were appeared more badly in the susceptible rice cultivars and bamyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. By the treatment of diphenyl ether herbicides, the thickness of leaf blade greatly reduced in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the susceptible rice cultivars showed more reduction than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially, the susceptible rice cultivars showed that the leaf structure was badly broken down with damage epidermal cells and bundle sheath cells.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1989

Complex formation of water-soluble polyparacyclophanes bearing two diphenylmethane or two diphenyl ether skeletons with l-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) was investigated quantitatively to develop useful host compounds comparing with ${\alpha}\;-\;and\;{\beta}-cyc1odextrins$$({\alpha}-\;and\;{\beta}-CyDs$) in aqueous solution. Benesi-Hildebrand type analysis of the fluorescent intensity showed that the dissociation constants (Kd) of paracyclophane-ANS complexes were $1.55\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ for 1,6,20,25-tetraaza[6.1.6.1]paracyclophane(CPM 44) and $1.23\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ for 1,7,21,27-tetraaza[7.1.7.1]paracyclophane (CPM 55), and those of paracyclophane-TNS complexes were $6.99\;{\times}\;10^{-6}M$ for CPM 44 and $6.23\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ for CPM 55, in 1:1 molar ratio. On the other hand, the Kd values of 1,7,21,27-tetraaza-14,34-dioxa[7.1.7.1]paracyclophane (CPE 55)-ANS, 1,8,22,29-tetraaza-15,36-dioxa[8.1.8.1]paracyclophane (CPE 66)-ANS, CPE 55-TNS, CPE 66-TNS complexes were $1.75\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$, $3.07\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$, $3.75\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$ and $2.15\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$, respectively. On the contrary, the Kd values of ${\alpha}-CyD-ANS$, ${\beta}-CyD-ANS$, ${\alpha}-CyD-TNS$ and ${\beta}-CyD-TNS$ complexes were found to be $3.98\;{\times}\;10^{-2}M$, $1.05\;{\times}\;10^{-2}M$, $1.38\;{\times}\;10^{-2}M$ and $3.52\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$, respectively. These results mean that the complexation of CPMs with ANS or TNS is by 5.6-1,975 fold stronger than that for ${\alpha}-or\;{\beta}-CyDs$, and the complex formation of CPEs with ANS or TNS is nearly same as or somewhat stronger than that for ${\alpha}-or\;{\beta}-CyDs$. From the Kd values determined at different temperatures, thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the complexation was found to be a spontaneous exothermic reaction. The effects of pH on Kd values of CPM 44-ANS, and CPM 55-ANS complexes were negligible in the range of pH 1.2-1.8. However, the Kd values of these complexes increased significantly with increasing ionic strength.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.849-858
• /
• 2006

Previous screening of the pharmacological action of Gastrodia elata (GE) root (Orchidaceae) showed that methanol (MeOH) extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties. The antiinflammatory agents of GE, however, remain unclear. In this experiment, MeOH extracts of GE were fractionated with organic solvents for the anti-inflammatory activity-guided separation of GE. Eight phenolic compounds from the ether (EtOEt) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were isolated by column chromatography: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (II), benzyl alcohol (III), bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (IV), 4(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl-methylether (V), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (VI), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (VII), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (VIII). To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of these compounds, their effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema, arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and analgesic activity in acetic acid (HAc)-induced writhing response were carried out in vivo; cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL 2H3) cells and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were determined in vitro. These phenolic compounds not only had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo, but also inhibited COX activity and silica-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Among these phenolic compounds, compound VII was the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Compound VII significantly inhibited silica-induced ROS generation and compound VI significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compounds I, II and III significantly inhibited the activity of COX-I and II. These results indicate that phenolic compounds of GE are anti-inflammatory, which may be related to inhibition of COX activity and to anti-oxidant activity. Consideration of the structure-activity relationship of the phenolic derivatives from GE on the anti-inflammatory action revealed that both C-4 hydroxy and C-3 methoxy radicals of benzyl aldehyde play an important role in anti-inflammatory activities.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.81-93
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to characterize herbicidal activity of the new type diphenylether compounds inducing bleaching(whitening) in relation to their chemical structures and to find out the herbicidal action mechanism. Bleaching was highly appeared in the compounds which have short chain alkyl or allyl group of cabamoyl type in meta position of A ring and nitro group in para position of B ring, and KC6361 showed the highest efficacy among these derivatives. Rice was tolerant to KC6361 at 2.0kg/ha. The applications of this compound at 0.25~1.0kg/ha provided acceptable control of the various weeds including large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, pigweed and so on. In the dark condition, KC6361 decreased carotenoid contents but increased chlorophyll in etiolated cucumber cotyledon. By the increase of light intensity, the carotenoid biosynthesis was more inhibited than the chlorophyll biosynthesis. The incorporation of $C^{14}$-acetate into lipid was slightly inhibited. Both KC6361 and norflurazon stimulated growth of dwarf rice(cv. Daneunbanju). These results suggest that both KC6361 and norflurazon may have the same action sites. To confirm this hypothesis, the changes of carotenoid intermediates in cucumber cotyledon and barnyardgrass leaf treated with KC6361 were investigated. Phytoene and phytofluene were increased but ${\beta}$-carotene was decreased, indicating that KC6361 inhibited phytoene and/or phytofluene dehydrogenase like norflurazon.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2009

The antioxidant properties and protective effects of Inula britannica on ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell damage were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including hexane(Fr.H), petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate(Fr.EA), and water fraction(Fr.W), were prepared from the 70% methanol extracts of Inula britannica. Fr.W had the highest total contents of phenolics and flavonoids, followed by Fr.EA. The antioxidant properties of the fractions were also evaluated by analyzing their scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radicals, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and nitric oxide. Fr.W showed the strongest activities in all assays. The concentrations of Fr.W that resulted in 50% reductions of the DPPH and ABTS radicals were 20.7 ${\mu}g$/mL and 39.4 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Fr.W showed the weakest cytotoxic activities on the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas it effectively protected ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced cell death, increasing cell survival by 35.0-77.0% at a concentration range of 62.5-250 ${\mu}g$/mL. In this range, Fr.W also significantly decreased intracellular ROS levels by 34-39%. Overall, the antioxidant properties of Inula britannica can contribute to rescuring neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.114-122
• /
• 2019

The synthesis of bio polyol from renewable resources has attracted attention in recent years. In particular, it is important to take advantage of bio polyols in the synthesis of polymers. In this study, a series of dimethylformamide (DMF) based polyurethanes were synthesized using polycarbonate polyol/bio polyol (PO3G: polytrimethylene ether glycol prepared from 1, 3-propanediol produced by fermentation from corn sugar), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-butandiol (BD). The properties of prepared polyurethane films and the cell structure of wet type artificial leather were investigated. As the bio polyol content increased, the tensile strength of polyurethane films decreased, however, the elongation at break increased significantly. As a result of thermal characteristics analysis, the glass transition temperature of polyurethanes increased when increasing the content of polycarbonate polyol. As a result of comparing the cell characteristics of wet type artificial leathers prepared in this study, it was found that the number and uniformity of cells formed in the artificial leather samples increased when increasing the content of polycarbonate polyol in polycarbonate polyol/bio polyol. From these results, it was found that DMF-based polyurethane containing an appropriate amount of bio polyol could be used for wet type artificial leather. The bio textile analysis system according to ASTM standard was used to measure the bio carbon content of polyurethane. The content of bio carbon increased proportionally with the increase of bio polyol content used in polyurethane synthesis.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2019

Recently, attention has been paid to obtaining bio-polyols from renewable resources. Successful use of these natural ingredients successfully produced in the industry for the synthesis of various polyurethanes is a very important task. In this study, a series of dimethylformamide (DMF) based polyurethanes were synthesized from methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)/1, 4-butanediol and bio-polyol (polytrimethylene ether glycol based on 1, 3-propanediol : B-POL)/polyester polyol (polyadipate diol based on 1,4-butandiol : H-PET). The effect of different ratio of bio-polyol (B-POL)/polyester polyol (H-PET) on the physical properties of polyurethane was investigated. As the B-POL content in B-POL/H-PET mixture increased, the glass transition of soft segment (Tgs) and tensile strength of polyurethane decreased, however, the elongation at break and tear strength increased. On the other hand, artificial leather was produced by wet process using synthesized DMF-based polyurethanes. It was found that there was almost no difference in the effect of the B-POL/H-PET composition on the average size and density (the number of cells per unit volume) of the porous cells formed in artificial leather. These results show that there is no problem in using bio-polyol (B-POL) based polyurethane for artificial leather produced by wet process.