• 분석과학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.352-364
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 다이옥신 분석에 주로 사용되는 DB-5MS 컬럼을 포함하여 PCBs 분석에 사용되는 DB-1, SPB-Octyl의 가스크로마토그래피 컬럼에 대해서 Accustandard사의 M-1668A-0.01X-SET 표준물질을 이용하여 PCBs 209개 이성체의 컬럼별 용출순서 및 분리특성을 검토하였다. 또한 현재 PCBs의 정량방법에 사용되는 피크패턴법에서 각 정량피크를 확인하기 위해, 각 Aroclor 표준물질별(Aroclor-1242, 1248, 1254 및 1260) 함유된 PCBs 이성체의 IUPAC 번호를 확인하였다. 각 컬럼별 dioxin-like PCBs 이성체의 분리능은 SP-2331, DB-5MS가 우수하였으며, DB-1 및 SPB-Octyl 컬럼은 다른 컬럼과 조합 사용이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.9-9
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• 2003

There are growing concerns about human health effects of dioxin and dioxin like compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDS), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Earlier studies recognized that 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structually related dioxin like compounds invoke a number of common toxic responses that are mediated through a high-affinity cytosolic receptor protein, the AhR. Based on studies that Indicate th pivotal role of AhR in mediating most, if not all, of the dioxin toxicity, TCDD equivalency factor (TEF) approach was developed. This approach allowed the expression of toxic potential of a complex mixture as one integrated parameter, the toxic equivalency (TEQ) value.

• 분석과학
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2002

토양에 잔류하는 화학물질로서 지속적으로 토양 환경에 영향을 미치고 있는 PCBs에 대한 분석을 위해 많은 연구들이 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이들 유기화합물질 중 coplanar PCBs 분석을 위한 용매별 용출패턴 특성을 조사하였고, 이화학적 특성이 다른 우리나라 토양 중 PCBs 분석에 미치는 용매별 추출효율을 조사하였다. 토양 중 14종의 coplanar PCBs 용매별 추출효율은, 톨루엔의 경우 토양 A, 토양 B 및 토양 C에 대하여 평균회수율은 각각 84.25%, 56.09% 및 44.69%로 나타났다. 아세톤 : 헥산 (1:1)의 경우에는 토양에 따라 각각 52.56%, 81.42% 및 58.53%로 나타났으며, 디클로로메탄의 경우에는 각각 55.94%, 71.33% 및 61.05%로 나타났다. 추출효율에 대한 염화물의 치환수는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 인 및 질소화합물 등 이온성 물질을 많이 함유하고 있는 토양에는 극성이 큰 용매인 아세톤:헥산 혼합용매가 가장 높은 회수율을 나타났으며, 반면에 토양 A와 같이 인 및 질소화합물의 함량이 작고 점토질인 토양에는 톨루엔과 같은 비극성용매의 추출효율이 우세하게 나타났다. 또한, 정제컬럼별 용출효율은 실리카겔, 플로리실 및 알루미나가 49.99%, 69.65% 그리고 65.23%로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 다이옥신류의 정제과정으로 수동 및 자동 액체 크로마토그래피 칼럼을 이용하여 PCDDs/Fs 17종과 다이옥신과 유사한 PCB 12종의 용출 패턴을 비교, 분석하였다. 수동 알루미나 칼럼에서는 29종의 화합물이 같이 용출되어 분리되지 않았으나 자동화 칼럼의 경우 mono-ortho-PCB로부터 PCDDs/Fs 및 non-ortho PCB를 분리할 수 있었다. PAR (Precision And Recovery) 표준용액으로 조사한 다이옥신류와 PCB의 회수율은 각각 수동 액체 크로마토그래피 칼럼에서 61.9 ~ 96.0%, 70.4 ~ 79.0%였으며, 자동화 칼럼의 경우는 71.8 ~ 104.5%, 61.3 ~ 120.3% 이었다. DB-5MS 칼럼에서 분리되지 않는 #169-HxCB와 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD은 EPA 1613 방법 중 선택이온의 비를 M+2/M+4 대신 M/M+2로 변경하여 HRGC/HRMS 분석에서 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD와 #169-HxCB의 구분이 가능하도록 하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2004

Atmospheric bulk (wet and dry) samples were monthly collected in an urban environment (Daeyeon-dong) of Busan over a year, to assess the deposition flux and seasonality of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) using stainless steel pots. Deposition fluxes of DLPCBs in bulk samples were determined using high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Particle deposition fluxes in the urban environment varied from 23 to 98 $mg^2$/year (mean 41 $gm^2$/year). DLPCB deposition fluxes in atmospheric bulk samples ranged from 0.09 to 0.77 ng-$TEQ/m^2$/year (mean 0.35 ng-$TEQ/m^2$/year). Seasonal atmospheric deposition fluxes of DLPCBs were high in winter and low in summer. Atmospheric deposition fluxes of particles and DLPCBs in this study were comparable to or slightly lower values than those of different locations in the world. Monthly DLPCB profiles in deposition bulk samples were similar over a year. Non-ortho PCBs were higher contributions to the total DLPCBs fluxes than mono-ortho PCBs. In particular, PCB 126 had the highest concentrartion (>75%) in all deposition samples, followed by PCB 169 and PCB 156. A highly positive correlation was found among the deposition fluxes of DLPCB species, suggesting the possibility of that the DLPCB contamination originated from one source. The deposition fluxes of DLPCBs were not significantly correlated with temperature and the amount of precipitation even though the summer season with the highest temperature and the largest amount of precipitation showed the lowest DLPCB deposition flux.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.100-105
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• 2002

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2010

PCDDs, PCDFs, dl-PCBs는 많은 역학 연구에서 독성오염물질이라고 간주되고 있는 생물축적 화학물질이다. 본 연구는 산모 초유 중에 이들 오염물질을 조사 분석하여 산모특성에 따른 축적성 및 상관성을 평가한 것으로, 실험대상 산모는 2007년에 평균연령 31.5세(표준편차=3.6세)의 건강한 초산부와 경산부이다. PCDDs 7개 이성질체, PCDFs 10개 이성질체, non-ortho PCBs 4개와 mono-ortho PCBs 8개 이성질체가 HRGC/HRMS로 분석되었다. 총 WHO-TEQs 평균값은 9.41 pg TEQ/g lipid로 다른 나라 농도에 비하여 낮은 수준이었다. 백분율의 증가와 함께 총 WHO-TEQs의 주요 기여자는 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 및 3,3‘,4,4’,5-PCB (#126)이며, 총 WHO-TEQs의 60% 이상으로 나타났다. PCDFs 농도와 총 WHO-TEQs는 출산경험에 대해서는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었으며(p<0.05) 산모의 연령은 총 WHO-TEQs에 대해서 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 그러나, 임신 전 체질량지수와 어류섭취의 상관관계는 유의성이 없었다. 이들 결과로부터 출산경력과 산모 연령은 모유 내의 PCDD/DFs 및 dl-PCBs의 농도에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자로 판단된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bioaccumulative environmental pollutants. Recently, it is suggested that neurotoxic effects such as motor dysfunction and impairment in memory and learning have been associated with PCB exposure. However, structure relationship of PCB congeners with neurotoxic effects remains unknown. Since PKC signaling pathway is implicated in the modulation of motor behavior as well as learning and memory and the role of PKC are subspecies-specific, we attempted to study the effects of structurally distinct PCBs on the total PKC activity as well as subspecies of PKC in cerebellar granule cell culture model. Cells were exposed to 0, 25 and 50 ${\mu}M$ of PCB-126, PCB-169, PCB-114, PCB-157, PCB-52 and PCB-4 for 15 min. Cells were subsequently analyzed by [$^3H$] phorbol ester binding assay or immunoblotted against PKC-${\alpha}$ and -${\varepsilon}$ monoclonal antibodies. While non-dioxin-like-PCB (PCB-52 and PCB-4) induced a translocation of PKC-${\alpha}$ and -${\varepsilon}$ from cytosol to membrane fraction, dioxin-like PCBs (PCB-126, -169, -114, -157) had no effects. [$^3H$] Phorbol ester binding assay also revealed structure-dependent increase similar to translocation of PKC isozymes. While PCB-4 induced translocation of PKC-${\alpha}$ and -${\varepsilon}$ was inhibited by ROS inhibitor, the pattern of translocation was not affected in presence of AhR inhibitor. It is suggested that PCB-4-induced PKC activity may not be mediated via AhR-dependent pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that chlorination of ortho-position in PCB may be a critical structural moiety associated with neurotoxic effects, which may be preferentially mediated via non-AhR-dependent pathway. Therefore, the present study may contribute to understanding the neurotoxic mechanism of PCBs as well as providing a basis for establishing a better neurotoxic assessment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

There are among the most relevant toxic emissions from incinerators such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Induction of cytochrome P4501A1 catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) activity in mammalian cell culture(EROD bioassay) is thought to be a selective and sensitive parameter used for the quantification of dioxin-like components. In this study, the toxic emissions from several school waste incinerators were evaluated by determination of CYPIA catalytic activity and cytotoxicity using cell culture microbioassay. The incinerator residue and soil samples were collected from the schools located in Kyunggi province from April to June 1999. The samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hours. In order to clean-up, concentrated crude extracts were applied to basic alumina column. The EROD activities of extracts in the H4IIE cells were from 1.91$\pm$0.32 ng-TEQ/g to 24.54$\pm$3.48 ng-TEQ/g of biochemical-TEQ value. In soil samples, CYP1A catalytic activity was 0.09~0.64 ng-TEQ/g. EROD bioassay, seems to be a useful short-term bioassay when information about the biological response of complex environmental samples is needed. Although further study is needed, these results indicate that the potent toxic emissions are produced from school waste semi-incinerators.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1999

Dioxins refer to a family of chemicals comprising 75 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and 135 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan (PCDF) congeners, which may cause skin disorder, human immune system disruption, birth defects, severe hormonal imbalance, and cancer. The effects of exposure of dioxin-like compounds such as PCBs are mediated by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which is a ligand-activated transcription factor. To grasp physicochemical factors affecting human toxicity of dioxins, six geometrical and topological indices, eleven thermodynamic variables, and quantum mechanical descriptors including ESP (electrostatic potential) were analyzed using QSAR and semi-empirical AM1 method. Planar dioxins with high lipophilicity and large surface tension show the probability that negative electrostatic potential in the lateral oxygen may make hydrogen bonding with DNA bases to be a carcinogen.