• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.989-992
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• 2002

Sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is widely cultivated in the southern part of Korea and its cultivation is increasing. However, anthracnose disease caused by Colletotricuhum species is one of the major hinderances to the cultivation and production of sweet persimmon. Therefore, in the current study, PCR was used to specifically detect Colletotrichum spp., based on the sequences of the ITS II regions in the rDNA. Using the sequence data, CO-1 was designated to detect Colletotrichum together the with ITS 4 primer. The result showed that a single segment of ca. 500 bp was observed only in Colletotrichum, but not in any other fungal and bacterial isolates. The annealing temperatures and template DNA quantites were also investigated to identify optimal conditions for detection. Using these species-specific primers, a unique band was obtained at annealing temperatures ranging from $55^{\circ}C\;and\;61^{\circ}C$ and template DNA levels from 10 pg- $10{\mu}g$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.251-266
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• 1990

Extrafloral nectaries have been shown in many studies to promote mutualistic interactions between plants and insects(usually ants) that visit the glands. The insects gain sugars, water and amino acids secreted by the extrafloral nectaries and benefit the plants by reducing the damage caused by plant's inseet herbivores. Little is known about the occurrence of extrafloral nectaries in plants growing in Asia. To learn about the occurrence of extrafloral nectary bearing plants in Korea, living plants and herbarium material were examined for the glands. In addition, the cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries and the proportion of woody plants with extrafloral nectaries were measured in three forest communities on Kangwha Island. 131 species of plants belonging to 53 genera and 30 families were found to have extrafloral nectaries. These 131 species comprise about 4.0% of Korea's flora, a highet percentage of extrafloral nectary bearing plants than occurs in the studied areas of North America. Extrafloral nectary bearing plants occupied 7, 23 and 55% of the covers and comprised 15, 21 and 15% of the woody plants in the three different forests, a significant level of occurrence. Many important Korean crop plants were found to have extrafloral nectaries including : sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam), persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cotton (Gossypium indicum Lam.), mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.), red bean (Phaseolus angularis W.F.), peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch.), plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Many of these cultivated and wild plants may receive protection by ants and other beneficial insects that visit their extrafloral nectaries.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2016

Persimmon has long been established as one of the major fruits in Korea. The southern parts of Korea were traditionally the pocket areas for good persimmon production; however, rising temperatures have gradually rendered the southern regions unsuitable for successful harvest. Ecology of fruit growing areas affects the productivity of various types of crops, including fruit trees such as persimmon. The quality characteristics of the fruit of persimmon cv. Dongchul grown in Gangwondo, which lies in the northern part of South Korea, were investigated. Different physicochemical, nutritional, and antioxidant properties of fruit were evaluated to assess the locational effect on the quality of persimmon fruits grown in Gangwondo. The results of this study showed that persimmon cv. Dongchul grown in Gangwondo maintains many of the physicochemical (4.33% crude protein and 4.32% crude fiber), nutritional (total mineral content: 461.51 and vitamin C content: 15.28 ㎎/100 g), and antioxidant properties (polyphenol content: 633.1 ㎎ gallic acid equivalent/100 g) those are found in other three commercial cultivars ‘Daebong’, ‘Kyengsan Bansi’, and ‘Sangju Doongsi’ grown in Korea. Overall results of this study imply that ‘Dongchul’ cultivar of persimmon could commercially be grown in Kangwondo, Korea.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2019

Background: Astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Kojongsi) peels are by-products of dried persimmons. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Kojongsi persimmon peel (KPP) extracts prepared by 15 different extraction methods: 5 heating durations (0.5 - 2.5 h) at 3 heating temperatures (50, 70, and $90^{\circ}C$). Methods and Results: An increase in heating temperature increased the antioxidant effect of KPP extracts. Those prepared by heating at 1 h had the highest total phenol content, regardless of the heating temperature. In addition, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell-protective effects against $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress were dependent on the total phenol contents of the extract. However, the KPP-induced increased in catalase expression was dependent on heating temperature and duration. Conclusions: These results suggest that extraction by heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for 1 h may enhance KPP's antioxidant effects, which mainly involve non-enzymatic antioxidant systems.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2018

본 시험은 최근 소비트렌드의 변화에 따라 소비자들이 쉽고 편하게 먹을 수 있는 씨 없는 감 개발의 선결조건인 배수체(12x) 교배 모본을 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 염색체가 배가된 배수체 개체를 얻기 위해 교배 종자의 배배양을 통해 얻은 유묘의 생장점에 콜히친을 처리하였다. 콜히친을 0.03, 0.05%, 0.1% 등 3수준으로 처리한 결과, 0.05%에서 염색체가 배가된 개체의 발생률이 가장 높았다. 콜히친 처리 후 우리는 신초와 뿌리의 발생을 유도하기 위한 배지 조건을 구명하는 시험을 수행하였다. 신초는 $10{\mu}M$, 30 zeatin이 각각 첨가된 1/2MS배지에서 생장이 잘 되었으며, 뿌리는 10 mM NAA+5% DMSO에 5초 동안 침지 후 1/2MS배지에 배양하였을 때 생장이 잘 되었다. 또한 콜히친 처리에 의해 염색체가 배가된 개체(12x)의 기공 특성을 조사한 결과 염색체가 배가된 개체(12x)는 염색체 배가가 되지 않은 개체(6x)와 교배친(6x) 보다 잎의 공변세포 밀도는 더 적고, 크기는 더 큰 경향이었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2001

시설재배에서는 생육이 촉진되기 때문에 화아분화시기가 앞당겨진다면 일장이 짧은 시기에 해당되어 화아분화에 영향을 미치게 될 것으로 사료되기 때문에 그 영향을 분석하고자 일장처리를 하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 엽발아율은 장일처리구가 65%로 자연일장구의 71%보다 낮았으나 신초신장은 16.7cm가 더 자랐으며, 만개 및 수확일은 장일구에서 빨랐다. 그러나 과중은 158g으로 자연일장구보다 16g 정도 가벼웠으며 당도와 경도도 장일처리에 의해 감소되었다. 광합성 속도는 장일처리구에서 높았는데 시일의 경과될수록 함께 증가하는 경향이었으나 일중 광합성량은 오후 4시 이후에는 오히려 자연일장구에서 높아졌다. 가지 내 탄수화물 축적은 장일구에서 낮아졌고 질소 함량은 높았으며 C/N율은 낮았다. 1아당 화다분화 원기수도 장일구에서 적었으며 화아분화시기도 자연일장구에서 비해서 늦었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.337-352
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• 1999

The effects of dried leaf powders and ethanol extract of persimmon, green tea and pine needle on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were investigated in rats. Forty-nine male Spargue-Dawley rats weighing 107.8$\pm$1.8g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing either 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of one of three different Korea traditional teas, persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb), green tea(Camellia Sinensis O.Ktzc)or pine needle(pinus Koreansis Sieb. Et Zucc), or ethanol from equal amounts of each dried tea powder. Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney and epididymal fat were significantly higher in the green-tea-powder group, and significantly lower in the pine-needle-powder and pine-needle-extract groups. Persimmon-leaf powder was found to decrease plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentration by increasing fecal total lipid triglyceride and cholesterol excretions. Liver cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the green-tea and pine-needle-extract groups. Red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) activities were significantly increased in rats fed green-tea extract. Liver SOD activity was increased in rats fed pine-needle powder or extract, and liver GSH-px activity was increased in rats fed greentea powder. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration were both decreased in rats fed dried leaf posers or extracts of persimmon or green tea. It is believed that high vitamin E levels in persimmon leaf, and high flavonoid, beta-carotene and vitamin C levels in green tea effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, persimmon and green tea leaves were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in animal tissue, while pine needles were effective and lowering body weight gain. From these results, persimmon and green tea leaves can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of chronic discorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and aging. As ethanol extracts from these teas were also effecitive in lowering tissue lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, we recommend the use of discarded tea grounds for this.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.620-630
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• 2014

Traditionally, the persimmon Gojongsi (Diospyros kaki Thunb) is peeled to make dried persimmons and the skins are thrown away. In this study, the quality characteristics of cookies containing persimmon peel powder were tested for recycling of the persimmon peels. The amounts of persimmon peel powder added to the cookies were about 0, 5, 7, 9 and 11%. The densities of the cookies of the control group and the persimmon peel powder containing experimental group were 1.25 and 1.25~1.37 respectively. The pH was 6.02 for the control group and 5.95~6.01 for the experimental group. Significant differences in the moisture content were observed between groups at 3.34 and 2.16~3.31 for the control and experimental groups, respectively (p<0.05). The spreadabilities and loss rates of the cookies increased with increasing amounts of persimmon peel powder (p<0.05). In contrast, the loss rates and leavening rate of the cookies decreased significantly with decreasing amounts of persimmon peel powder (p<0.05). The lightness of the cookies showed significant decrease (p<0.05), while the redness and yellowness increased with increasing amounts of persimmon peel powder. The hardness (kg) of the control group was 0.847 while that of the experimental group was 0.904~1.110. In the QDA, the results of sensory characteristic analysis showed that the experimental group earned 11% higher scores for color, flavor, taste, and bitterness, 7% higher for appearance and 9% higher for after taste. The consumer acceptance test revealed the experimental group to have a 7% more positive evaluation for color, favor, taste and texture than the control group. On the grounds of the experiment above, the optimal mixture ratio from the sensory test was found to be 7% persimmon peel powder in the cookies.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2016

This study evaluated the effects of two Korean traditional plant extracts (Diospyros kaki THUNB. leaf; DK, and Nelumbo nucifera leaf; NN) on the fermentation, functional and sensory properties of herbal yogurts. Compared to control fermentation, all plant extracts increased acidification rate and reduced the time to complete fermentation (pH 4.5). Supplementation of plant extracts and storage time were found to influence the characteristics of the yogurts, contributing to increased viability of starter culture and phenolic compounds. In particular, the increase in the counts of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was highest (2.95 and 1.14 Log CFU/mL respectively) in DK yogurt. Furthermore, supplementation of the plant extracts significantly influenced to increase the antioxidant activity and water holding capacity and to produce volatile compounds. The higher antioxidant activity and water holding capacity were observed in NN yogurt than DK yogurt. Moreover, all of the sensory characteristics were altered by the addition of plant extracts. Addition of plant extracts increased the scores related to flavor, taste, and texture from plain yogurt without a plant extract, as a result of volatile compounds analysis. Thus, the overall preference was increased by plant extracts. Consequently, supplementation of DK and NN extracts in yogurt enhanced the antioxidant activity and physical property, moreover increased the acceptability of yogurt. These findings demonstrate the possibility of using plant extracts as a functional ingredient in the manufacture of herbal yogurt.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2014

'부유' 단감과수원에 적합한 녹비작물을 선발하기 위하여 헤어리베치, 레드클로버, 호밀, 헤어리베치+호밀을 파종하여 토양화학성과 물리성 그리고 과실수량과 품질을 조사하였다. 천근성인 레드클로버는 생육이 저조하여 피복도가 약 66%로 처리구에서 가장 낮았고 호밀 또는 헤어리베치+호밀 혼파처리구의 토양환원량이 가장 높았다. 식물체에서 환원되는 질소, 인산, 칼리 함량이 헤어리베치+호밀처리구 혼파처리구에서 가장 높아 토양의 유기물과 pH, 인산, 칼리, 칼슘과 전기전도도가 증가하였다. 토양의 용적밀도와 고상이 호밀 또는 헤어리베치+호밀처리구에서 감소되어 기상의 증가로 인한 공극률이 증가되었다. 헤어리베치+호밀처리에서 과실의 착과수와 수량이 가장 높았으며, 과실의 당도와 착색이 증가되는 효과가 인정되어 녹비작물로서 단감과원에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.