• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.180-195
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• 2000

Grouting has been practiced as a reliable technique to improve the mechanical properties of rock mass. But, the study of ground improvement by greeting is rare especially in jointed rock mass. In this study, joint compression test and direct shear test were performed on pure rock joint and cement milk grouted rock joint to examine the grouting effect on the property of rock joint. In the pure rock joint compression test, joint closure varied non-linearly with normal stress. But after cement milk grouting, the normal deformation characteristics of the joint was linear at the low normal stress level. As normal stress increased. deformation of the sample rapidly increased due to the stress concentration at the joint asperities. Peak shear strength of the grouted joint in low normal stress was higher than that of non-grouted joint due to the cohesion, decreased exponetially as the grout thickness increased. Thus after cement milk grouting, the failure envelope modified to a curve that has cohesion due to grout material hydration with decreased friction angle. Shear stiffness and peak dilation angle of the grouted joint decreased as the grout thickness increased. The peak shear strength from the direct shear test on grouted rock joint was represented by an empirical equation as a fuction of grout thickness and roughness mean amplitude.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

A 9-month-old, female Miniature Pinscher(MP) dog weighing 1.97kg was presented because of periodic syncopal episode for 5 months. This case was diagnosed as primary dilated cardiomyopathy based on respiratory distress history, weak femoral pulse, generalized cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, marked dilation of left atrium(LA) and left ventricle(LV), decreased wall thickness of LV and interventricular septum(IVS), increased EPSS in echocardiography, and young age of onset in the absence of other cardiovascular disorders. The patient was stabilized by application of diuretics(Furosemide, 2 mg/kg, SC, q 1 hr) and venodilator(Nitroglycerine patch, 0.5 mg/kg, q 12 hrs). Clinical signs were improved with medical management of positive inotropic vasodilator(Pimobendan, 0.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor(benazepril, 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs), potassium gluconate gel(2 mEq/dog, PO, q 12 hrs) and, L-carnitine(50 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs). The dog still maintains stable clinical status 10 months after the first visit. We report the rare case of DCM in small breed dog, which corresponds to the diagnosis and treatment of typical DCM in large breed dog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney using computed tomography (CT) and enhanced computed tomography. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by ligation of unilateral ureter in Beagle dogs. Renal artery embolization was performed using selective catheterization in the hydronephrotic kidney of seven dogs and EKG, $SpO_2$, body temperature, pulse, and repiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Iohexol-ethanol solution was used as embolic material. There were no dogs expired after TAE-Ra and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ehtanol solution. Revascularization of renal artery was not found in angiography in dogs treated by TAE-RA at immediately after TAE-RA and 14 days after TAE-RA. CT showed dilation of urinary collection system and ventral displacement of spleen at 14 days after TAE-RA in one dog not treated by TAE-RA and experimental group treated by TAE-Ra. CT two month after TAE-RA showed the shrunken embolized kidney in experimental group. Transverse CT with contrast enhancement demonstrated the increase of signal intensity at thinned renal cortex in control group not treated by TAE-Ra at 30 days and 60 days, however, there was no increase of signal intensity at shrunken embolized kidney at 60 days after TAE-RA. CT was useful modality for evaluation of the morphology and the size of embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney. Enhanced CT was availabel for the detection of revascularization of renal artery after TAE-RA in dogs with hydronephrosis. It is conclued that CT is useful modality for the monitoring of the revascularization of the renal artery after TAE-RA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicological effects of carbofuran on the histological and fine structures in the kidney, liver, and brain of rat and also to clarify compensatory effects of phenobarbital sodium (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on the carbofuran toxicity. SPF albino rats were treated with carbofuran(3.8mg/kg), PB(60mg/kg), 3-MC(60mg/kg), carbofuran+PB, carbofuran+3-MC and subjected to the light microscopic study. In the kidney of rat, hemorrhage and extremely atropic change of renal corpuscles were frequently observed at 48 hrs after carbofuran treatment. Combination treatment groups of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC showed atrophic changes were largely recovered at 6 hrs, and the tissue findings of the kidney became similar to those of control group at 48 hrs after treatment. In the liver of rat treated only carbofuran, the degenerative and necrotic changes of hepatic lobules were frequently observed at 48 hrs after carbofuran treatment. Combination treatment of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC showed the hepatic lobules were similar to those of control groups at 6 hrs after the combination treatment. In the brain of rat treated with carbofuran alone, degenerative changes and dilation of capillary vessel of cerebral cortexes were observed at 48hrs after treatment. Combination treatment of carbofuran and PB or carbofuran and 3-MC showed the cerebral cortexes were similar to those of control groups at 6 hrs after the treatment. These results suggest that PB and 3-MC could regenerate the toxicity of carbofuran to the tissue of kidney, liver and brain of rat.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.215-233
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• 1986

The effect of tryptophan on brain formation at the early stage of chick embryo has been investigated morphologically using electron microscope. The electron micrographs of cerebral cortex cells of $5\\sim10$ day old chick embryo, which received 1.0mg of tryptophan showed that the irregularity, evagination and disruption of nuclear membrane and nuclear chromatin condensation, nucleolar chromatin margination and segragation. Hypertrophy of stalks, vesicles, and vacuoles can be seen and dilation and vesiculation of rough endoplamic reticulum and polysome disaggregation occured. Protein and RNA levels and the activity of several enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of tryptophan administered group were significantly lower than those of control group suggesting that the tryptophan administration depressed protein biosynthesis resulting in the decrease of enzyme activity. It was found that serotonin content of egg yolk which has been incubated for 10 days were as much as three times that of control egg yolk. It is not clear whether the increase of serotonin content might inhibit intracellular yolk granule degradation which might result in malformation of chick embryo, but it is likely that tryptophan administration might depress protein biosynthesis, consequently, the enzyme biosynthesis would be impaired. This might give rise to improper development of chick embryo.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.697-703
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• 2017

This paper examines the flexure behavior of FRP-concrete composite structure that can replace conventional reinforced concrete structure types. In order to investigate the structural performance and behavioral characteristics in numerical analysis means, ABAQUS, a general purpose finite element analysis program, was utilized for nonlinear finite element analysis, and the various variables and their influences were analyzed and compared with experimental results to suggest values optimized to this composite structure. The concrete damage plasticity model and Euro code for concrete were used. In the implicit finite element analysis, the convergence was ambiguous when geometrical and material nonlinearity were large, so the explicit finite element analysis used in this study was deemed to be appropriate. From the comparison with the experiment about concrete damaged plasticity model, 20mm for the mesh size, $30^{\circ}$ for the dilation angle, $100Nmm/mm^2$ for the value of fracture energy, 0.667 for Kc value, and the consideration of damage parameter were suggested believed to be appropriate. The numerical model suggested in this study was able to imitate the ultimate load and cracking pattern very well; therefore, it is expected to be utilized in research of various new material composite structures.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-387
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the effect of corneal unique shape to changes of refractive full corrections when pupil size changes. Methods: Subjective refraction for monocular full correction was performed to 30 subjects ($23.33{\pm}1.78$ of age, 60 eyes) in two room conditions, 760 lx and 2 lx, respectively. Pupillary diameter was measured in two conditions and the change pattern was analyzed using a peak data of corneal topography. Results: Pupillary diameter was 3.74~4.00 mm in 760 lx and 5.52~5.90 mm in 2 lx. By comparison with refractive data in 760 lx, those data in 2 lx was changed as follows: more (-) spherical power of 17 eyes (28.3%), more (+) spherical power of 10 eyes (17.7%), more (-) cylinderical power of 17 eyes (28.8%), less (-) cylinderical power of 9 eyes (15.3%), and astigmatic axis rotation of 36 eyes (62.1%). From peak data of corneal topography, the changing pattern of two principal meridians was classified into 4 types. Conclusions: Expansion of the corneal refractive surface accompanied with pupillary dilation may be a main factor that effects the changing a values of subjective refraction because of unique corneal shape. Therefore, subjective refraction should be performed under the nearest lighting condition to a main living environment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.322-333
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are 2 of the independent predictors for cardiovascular disease, while Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH) is a traditional medicinal plant that can improve cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the fruit of ASH on vascular function in apparently healthy subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, consisting of healthy adults with at least 2 of the following 3 conditions: borderline high blood pressure (BP; 120 mmHg ≤ systolic BP ≤ 160 mmHg or 80 mmHg ≤ diastolic BP ≤ 100 mmHg), smoking (≥10 cigarettes/day), and borderline blood lipid levels (220 ≤ total cholesterol ≤ 240, 130 ≤ low density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤ 165, or 150 ≤ triglyceride ≤ 220 mg/dL). Randomly assigned 76 subjects who received a placebo or 2 doses of ASH fruit (low, 500 mg/day; high, 1,000 mg/day) completed the intervention. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), flow-mediated dilation, carotid intima-media thickness, and BP were measured both at baseline and following the 12-week intervention. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation was assessed by western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, the low-dose group showed more significant changes after the 12-week intervention period in terms of systolic BP (0.1 vs. -7.7 mmHg; P = 0.044), baPWV (31.3 vs. -98.7 cm/s; P = 0.007), and the ratio of phospho-eNOS/eNOS (0.8 vs. 1.22; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ASH fruit extract at 500 mg/day has the potential to improve BP and arterial stiffness via endothelial eNOS activation in healthy adults with smoking and the tendency of having elevated BP or blood lipid parameters.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.461-464
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• 2006

Perineal hernia occurs spontaneously in older male dogs after idiopathic weakening of the pelvic diaphragm A 14-year-old uncastrated male shih tzu dog with right-sided perineal swelling was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University. He had sign of perineal swelling for three years. Plain radiography documented the extent of rectal and colonic dilation in the herinal sac. During surgery, external anal sphincter muscle, coccygeus muscle and levator am muscle were weakened due to the three years of herniation. Internal obturator muscle transposition method was not enough for large defect, so mesh was applied to reduce the hernial sac. Internal obturator muscle transposition combined with using of polypropylene mesh was successfully performed in this dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the size and asymmetry of the lateral ventricles in CT images of three different small breed dogs. CT examinations were performed on thirty Yorkshire terriers, malteses, and shihtzu dogs, respectively. The size and asymmetry of their lateral ventricles were evaluated at three different levels of brain, and dogs were categorized on the basis of the percentage of their ventricular height (Vh) to brain height (Bh). Degree of asymmetry was also categorized based on the rVh (ratio of right and left ventricular heights) as normal (rVh < 1.5), mild (1.5 < rVh < 2.0), or severe (2.0 < rVh). Clinically insignificant ventricular dilation was common in these breed dogs. However, severe asymmetry was not presented in clinically normal dogs. We suggested 11 mm as an upper limit of ventricular size in normal small breed dogs.