• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.22-30
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• 2017

CGI not only performed a crucial role to make cinema and animation evolved into digital cinema and digital animation but also CGI, an important visual format, settled realism-centric spectacle image culture in public commercial cinema and animation. The fact that CGI visual format could be structuralized in three different view points is discovered through Iconicity, photorealism, verisimilitude, uncanny valley, hyperrealism, and spectacular realism discourse research which explain image culture. First, a formative viewpoint that comes up in an iconic difference between drawing and photograph. Secondly, a cognitive viewpoint that sees visually perceived naturalness and abnormality as a realistic probability issue. Lastly, a customary viewpoint which is rooted in aesthetic tradition of cinema and animation. After that, the features of CGI which is used in the movie 'jungle book'(2016) were analyzed using the structured visual format. Consequently, this movie has hyper-realistic photographic iconicity on the base of realistic probability. Also, by following image-aesthetic convention which uses overstated and amplified narrative as a visual format, at the same time, the movie also has sufficient image-aesthetic convention in animation by personified animal character.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2017

Narrators used to take an important role in the theatre of ancient Greece. They gave the audience an important information, explained the situations and conflicts between characters by talking to the audience directly. But in the realism play in the 20th century, which is represented as the 'fourth wall,' anything that can interrupt commitments of the audience such as a narrator, was excluded. However the two representative playwright in the 20th century, Thorton Wilder and Arthur Miller took narrators in their plays, Our Town and A View form the Bridge. This study shows why they adopted narrators in their play, which was unusual at that time and how this form of narrator affects to the meaning of the plays.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1738-1756
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• 2020

To improve the accuracy and realism of the virtual surgical simulation system, this paper proposes an optimized mass-spring model with shape restoration ability based on volume conservation to simulate soft tissue deformation. The proposed method constructs a soft tissue surface model that adopts a new flexion spring for resisting bending and incorporates it into the mass-spring model (MSM) to restore the original shape. Then, we employ the particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve the optimal solution of the model parameters. Besides, the volume conservation constraint is applied to the position-based dynamics (PBD) approach to maintain the volume of the deformable object for constructing the soft tissue volumetric model base on tetrahedrons. Finally, we built a simulation system on the PHANTOM OMNI force tactile interaction device to realize the deformation simulation of the virtual liver. Experimental results show that the proposed model has a good shape restoration ability and incompressibility, which can enhance the deformation accuracy and interactive realism.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.277-285
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively and empirically investigate whether cartoon-realism, which is referred to as a guideline for avoiding the uncanny valley phenomenon, is actually effective. An experiment was carried out to investigate whether or not methods that try to realistically express the texture of human skin while making 3D models whose outward appearance abstract like a cartoon actually reduce the negative sentiments associated with the uncanny valley phenomenon. The results found that when human skin textures were applied to cartoon-type 3D models, the degree of eeriness significantly increased (p<0.05), while there was no change in the degree of human likeness. When cartoon-style skin textures were applied to human-type 3D models, there was no significant difference in the degree of eeriness, but the degree of human likeness significantly decreased (p<0.05). These results show that, cartoon realism is not actually effective, and rather creates a perceptual conflict and induces the uncanny valley phenomenon. The results of this study are expected to be used as quantitative and empirical data for developing design guidelines that will overcome the uncanny valley phenomenon in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2023

Windows are essential and important architectural elements for the organization of architectural spaces, and they give character to the space and have a great impact on the reaction of users. Virtual windows are installed to activate architectural spaces such as underground spaces where windows cannot be installed, and to provide a sense of psychological security to users in hospital clinics, etc. In this study, we reviewed the literature and collected and analyzed the precedents of virtual windows to discuss the factors necessary to improve the realism of virtual windows. The factors that affect the realism of virtual windows are further grouped into five categories: 1. Use of reproduced images or videos for views, 2. Representation of temporality, 3. Responsiveness to changes in the observer's perspective, 4. Realistic reproduction of sunlight, and 5. Provision of non-visual sensory elements. Virtual windows are not just a replacement for traditional windows, but a way to realize a virtual environment using digital media, and it is necessary to expand the discussion to the realization of the virtual environment and the relationship with architectural elements.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2023

Having pet is one of the activities people living in modern society do to relieve stress and find peace of mind. Currently, the object of companion animals has moved beyond being a real 'living entity' and has developed to a stage where the animal's upbringing process can be enjoyed in a virtual space by being programmed in digital content. This paper studies detailed elements such as character design, interaction, and realism of 'Tamagotchi (1996)', which can be said to be the beginning of digital training content, and 'Peridot (2023)', a recently introduced augmented reality-based training content. The point was that it was training content using portable electronic devices. However, while the environment in the electronic device in which Tamagotchi's character exists was a simple black and white screen, the environment in which Peridot's character operates has been changed to the real world projected on the screen based on augmented reality. Mutual communication with characters in Tamagotchi remained a response to pressing buttons, but in Peridot, it has advanced to the point where you can pet the characters by touching the smartphone screen. In addition, through object and step recognition, it was confirmed that the sense of reality had become more realistic, with toys thrown by users on the screen bouncing off real objects. We hope that this research material will serve as a useful reference for the development of digital training content to be developed in the near future.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.684-691
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• 2006

컴퓨터 게임은 이미 전세계적으로 가장 영향력 있는 엔터테인먼트 장르로서 자리잡아가고 있고, 우리나라에서도 차세대 성장동력산업의 핵심으로 간주하여 막대한 투자가 이루어지고 있지만, 어느 산업보다도 정책적 일관성을 유지하기 어렵고 일반인들의 정서적 공감대를 얻어내기 어려운 실정이다. 그 이유는 아직 게임행위와 그로 인한 결과물들에 대한 견실한 가치론이 구축되지 못했기 때문인데, 더 근원적으로는 제반 디지털 문화현상과 양립 가능한 세계관과 인간관의 기초개념이 정립되지 못했기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. 바야흐로 게임의 철학이 요청되는 시점이다. 본 논문은 이러한 상황인식하에, 우리나라 디지털문화에 내재된 이중규범과 존재론적 전제의 오류들을 검토하고, 계산주의(Computationalism)와 가상실재론(Virtual Realism)이라는 이론적 맥락을 토대로 온라인 게임, 가상현실 그리고 현실이 일관되게 상호작용하는 구조를 밝히고자 한다. 그러한 과정에서 게임 폐인과 스타 게이머의 간극, 아이템 현금거래의 정당성, 인기있는 게임의 철학적 이유, 게임 심의규정의 현실 적합성 등에 대한 논의가 이루어질 것이며, 궁극적으로 게임은 단순한 엔터테인먼트 매체가 아니라 그 자체로서 '생활양식(form of life)'이기 때문에 어느 관공서의 표어처럼 말 그대로 "게임으로 하나되는 세상"이 가능하다는 결론에 이르게 될 것이다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2003

Game industry has been growing rapidly due to the development of computer and IT technologies. Especially, computer game is known as the core of multimedia and hi-tech entertainment. Recently, computer game has been evolving into 3D RPG and simulation types which give players more realism from the existing 2D RPG ones. In this paper, we design and implement a full 3D on-line RPG game content. The game supports simultaneous connections of multi-users on each game server.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.379-386
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• 2021

The tourism industry and AR act as important factors to diversify the tourism industry by combining them with one another. Currently, the advent of mobile smartphones and AR interactive is expected to play a major role in improving tourists' experiences and promoting tourism. AR's high entertainment characteristics, realism and strong interaction can be actively used as a major advantage in promoting tourism. This paper presents some appropriate examples of how AR interactive design is used in tourism marketing through various use cases where AR interactive design is used in tourism. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the Magical Gulangyu verifies the descriptions listed in the text and presents the direction of future research.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2017

The development of technology has brought changes in content media. Starting from voice and sound media in the oral era, through text and painting, the realism has led to the development of visual media plus sound and image media. What we should consider here is not only the one-sided influence of change in the media due to the development of technology, but also the understanding, concentration, and commitment of information depending on which generation has access to the media Therefore, we focus on the digital native generation that uses digital as main media. The features of the digital native generation include the ability to process visual information quickly, multi-tasking, and divisionism. In this paper, we propose a moving pictogram for the digital native generation, and a moving pictogram for exit pictogram which shows limitation. The new dynamic pictograms that fit to the characteristics of the digital native generation, as well as interactive dynamic pictograms, are areas of thought and research on which this paper can be regarded as the first step.