• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2009

Purpose: Although Hydrofluoric acid(HF) is not a strong acid when compared to other hydrogen halides, it is a feared corrosive and is particularly dangerous at higher concentrations. HF burns are characterized by symptoms, often delayed and localized with diluted HF solutions, to include erythema, edema and severe pain. Pain, a well known symptom following exposure to calcium binding. And, EMLA$^{(R)}$ cream is a topical formulation based upon the eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine and is used in clinical settings to provide pain relief undergoing superficial surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of EMLA$^{(R)}$ cream, pain - control dressing on the treatment for HF injury wound. Methods: From June 2007 to June 2008, this study was carried out with 10 patients who had HF partial thickness burns. We were applied topically EMLA$^{(R)}$ cream to injured wound with vaseline gauze and 10% calcium gluconate wet gauze dressings. As a principle, in the emergency treatment, partial or complete removal of the bullae along with copious washing with normal saline was done, depending on the degree of HF invasion of the distal digital extremities. The effect of dressing was investigated by visual analogue pain scale. Results: We therefore reviewed 10 cases of HF - induced pain and pain relief treatment principle. The 10 cases who came to the hospital nearly immediately after the injury healed completely without sequelae and EMLA$^{(R)}$ related complications. Conclusion: Proper initial treatment of HF burns are important, if not promptly recognized and properly treated, for produce serious injury. Topical EMLA$^{(R)}$ cream remain a powerful, new advancement for minimizing HF - related pain during dressing procedures. When used appropriately, topical EMLA$^{(R)}$ cream can provide a safe and effective alternative to other forms of HF - pain control treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.2549-2554
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• 2011

This paper describes on development of integrated interface and applications to support stable digital data communication service for small and midium sized crafts exploiting SSB modems and HF wireless sets. Firstly, integrated interface module between GPS (Global Positioning System) and communication devices was developed. Secondly, maritime map was implemented into a display terminal to provide location tracking service and voyage planning function. In addition, condition monitoring service of crafts and fishing report functions as well as alarm functions were developed to support secure fishery. Results of performance measure on developed application services shows that error rate was less than 3% and communication delay was shorter than 1 second when a message length was less than 1 Kbyte along with one-to-many communication type.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2003

It's about time we had to think an alternative to recover out insufficient fishery market caused by IMF locally as well as the fishery agreement on Japan and China. The Ministry of Maritime Affairs ＆ Fisheries have planning the advancing fishery information integrated system for the fishing present condition, marine resource administration and applicability consideration. The fishery information communication system is build up to the raw data ＆ process-network-content. The communication system must be small size, low cost and adapted SSB transceiver, that is using fishery shipping. In this paper We present digital data communication network to exchange information for fishery and safety between fishing ship and coast station in cheeper communication fee using SSB(single Side Band) in HF(High Frequency) band.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2013

This study suggests a generalized availability and safety evaluation model to evaluate the influences to the system's fault tolerant capabilities depending on automatic fault detection function such as the automatic periodic testings. The conventional evaluation model of automatic fault detection function deals only with the self diagnostics, and supposes that the fault detection coverage of self diagnostics is always constant. But all of the fault detection methods could be degraded. For example, the periodic surveillance test has the potential human errors or test equipment errors, the self diagnostics has the potential degradation of built-in logics, and the automatic periodic testing has the potential degradation of automatic test facilities. The suggested evaluation models have incorporated the loss or erroneous behaviors of the automatic fault detection methods. The availability and the safety of each module of the safety grade platform have been evaluated as they were applied the automatic periodic test methodology and the fault tolerant evaluation models. The availability and safety of the safety grade platform were improved when applied the automatic periodic testing. Especially the fault tolerant capability of the processor module with a weak self-diagnostics and the process parameter input modules were dramatically improved compared to the conventional cases. In addition, as a result of the safety evaluation of the digital reactor protection system, the system safety of the digital parts was improved about 4 times compared to the conventional cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.811-814
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• 2009

The HF band maritime communication is have developing to digital methode that techniques should be readied the automatic link establishment of 1:N by coast station to many ship station. Because can use way by polling simply that communication environment calls particular station wicked fellow HF communication states which is much redundancy times for coast station to set link. In amateur radio particular station selective calling do to be using ALE(Automatic Link Establishment) controller by 1:1 automatic link setting way, but expect 1:N link setting by these way in maritime communication very difficult. That is difficult to avoid collision by traffic overload to induce calling of ship stations. Because HF communication considers channel special quality traffic state radio link should be established, and should be applied automatically secures stability of channel as accommodative at traffic overload. In this paper is studied the new radio protocol by 3 step sequency driving of free access, group free access and polling access using multi-tone in single channel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2007

The INMARSAT is able to long range maritime communications that can not use for expensive charge in non-SOLAS ship. Therefore, international discussion for the question that replacements use of MF/HF band for maritime distress and safety communications in maritime. HF data communications system may be effectively utilized for SOLAS ships as well as for the existing non-SOLAS vessels including the fishing boats, which navigate A2 and A3 sea areas. The HF data communications may have various functions such as e-mail services, broadcasting services of up-to-date information related to marine safety, position reporting services, polling services etc. However, the present HF e-mail communications protocols have a problem of increasing calling redundancy as the number of channels in operation increases. This paper new protocol and communication sequence proposed in this submission establishes a proper radio link automatically and adaptively by taking channel traffic into account.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.699-707
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate characteristics of digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) and quantitative evaluations in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 38 patients with BMS who visited the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from March 1st, 2018 to June 30th, 2018. The subjects were evaluated with digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) and for heart rate variability (HRV), unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), and the proportion of coated tongue. Results: Most patients showed higher temperatures on the central part of the tongue (T2) than on the middle of the forehead (T1). The patients tended to have a high Low frequency/High frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Statistically significant negative correlations were noted between the age of patients and the temperature of T1 and T2. Statistically significant negative correlations were also observed between the LF/HF ratio and 'T1-T2' values. Conclusions: This study suggests that DITI and HRV are useful for the validation of patients with BMS. Correlations between the result values suggest that sympathetic function acceleration is related to temperature distribution and, ultimately, to symptoms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2008

해상통신은 인명 안전을 위한 중요 통신으로 국제적으로 보호되어 왔다. 뿐 만 아니라 지구 전역을 커버하기 위해 전송 특성이 좋은 LF/MF/HF대역의 통신시스템 및 위성 시스템이 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 통신 기술의 발달로 육상이동통신 기술을 해상 및 항공에 확대하려는 시도가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 통신 기술의 급속한 발전으로 해상 및 항공 통신망은 기존 음성 위주의 통신망에서 멀티미디어를 처리할 수 있는 디지틀망으로의 전환이 시급히 필요하게 되었다. 대부분의 아날로그 시스템은 디지틀 시스템으로 전환되고 있으며 데이터를 이용해서 보다 정확한 정보를 제공해서 해상 안전을 높이고 있으며 기존 개별 장비를 시스템화하여 주파수를 효율적으로 활용하고 사용을 편리하게 할 수 있도록 하고 있다. DSC, AIS 등 이미 많은 디지틀 장비들이 국제 해상 통신에 이용되고 있으며 해상 통신 시스템을 종합화해서 해상안전을 제고하기 위해 IMO를 중심으로 주진 중에 있다. 그러나 연근해 해상 통신 시스템은 SOLAS조약에서 제외되어 있으므로 나라마다 다양하게 개발되고 있다. 특히 연근해에서 중요한 MF/HF/VHF대역 시스템을 각 국이 경쟁하면서 현대화를 추진하고 있으며 ITU-R을 통해서 표준화를 주도하려고 노력하고 있다. 본 고에서는 연근해 핵심 통신망을 구성할 HF/VHF대역 시스템에 대한 기술을 분석하고 기술하였다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.800-804
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel HF band differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system. The system can deliver 3.6 kbps with a bandwidth of about 3 kHz. In a digital modem, OFDM with 32-point fast Fourier transform is used. In the system, each subcarrier uses DQPSK modulation. Hence, a demodulator does not require carrier phase recovery and symbol timing recovery. And, each subcarrier employs CRC error check code individually. By using CRC code for each subcarrier, bit error caused by multipath fading can be recovered simply.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

The paper is a study to develop and verify a blood glucose level prediction model based on biosignals obtained from photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, ICT technology and data. Blood glucose prediction used the MLP architecture of machine learning. The input layer of the machine learning model consists of 10 input nodes and 5 hidden layers: heart rate, heart rate variability, age, gender, VLF, LF, HF, SDNN, RMSSD, and PNN50. The results of the predictive model are MSE=0.0724, MAE=1.1022 and RMSE=1.0285, and the coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.9985. A blood glucose prediction model using bio-signal data collected from digital devices and machine learning was established and verified. If research to standardize and increase accuracy of machine learning datasets for various digital devices continues, it could be an alternative method for individual blood glucose management.