• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2002

In order to improve the reliability of XLPE cables, it is necessary to find the useful diagnostic parameter according to long term aging. This paper described the change of partial discharge(PD) phase Properties of XLPE cable insulation with branch type electrical tree degradation. for long term aging. To understand the PD Properties with $\phi$ -q-n distributed shape of XLPE insulation, specimens were prepared by 22.9㎸ distribution cable and made in a type of block(16${\times}$16${\times}$3[mm]). Ogura needles having tip radius of l0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were inserted into each block pieces. The measuring system was consisted of PD detector, digitizer for digital conversion, VXI system for signal processing. The PD properties of the specimens were measured from initiation of tree to breakdown and their characteristics were analyzed. We analyzed the relationship between electrical properties(PD Quantity, PD initiation angle, PD extinction angle, PD occurrence angle : (PD extinction angle - PD initiation angle)) and the normalized aging rate. We found PD parameter, PD initiation angle and occurrence angle, which are a useful diagnostic parameter in estimating the branch type electrical tree for XLPE insulation condition.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.2055-2061
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• 2006

디지털 영상에서 기하학적인 요소들을 찾아내는 일은 컴퓨터 비전 분야에서 기본적인 작업 중 하나이며, 허프변환(Hough transform)은 파라미터로 표현되는 기하학적 요소 추출을 위 해 널리 사용되고 있는 방법 중 하나이다. 하지만 허프 변환은 영상의 한 픽셀이 허프 공간의 한 방정식에 대응되는 일대다 특성으로 인해 잡음에 민감한 특성을 갖는다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 잡음 민감성을 줄이는 방법으로 경계선 강도를 이용한 허프 변환을 제안하고, 이를 허프 공간에서의 피크 비(peak ratio)를 이용하여 증명하였다. 또한 직선을 대상으로 한 실험을 통하여 이를 확인하였다. 실험 결과, 제안한 경계선 강도 허프 변환은 기존의 허프 변환에 비해 잡음에 의해 검출되는 직선의 수가 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2006

배전급 STATCOM(Distribution-network STATic synchronous COMpensator)에 적용 가능한 공간 벡터 변조 (Space Vector Modulation, SVM) 기법을 이용한 히스테리시스 전류제어기를 제안하였다. 히스테리시스 전류제어기는 빠른 응답 특성, 쉬운 구현, 파라미터 변화에 대한 둔감성 등 많은 장점에도 불구하고 높은 스위칭 주파수와 제한되지 않는 전류 오차 때문에 스위칭 주파수에 영향을 받는 배전급 STATCOM 전류제어기로는 적합하지 않았다. 또한 전압 벡터의 인가방식에서도 뚜렷한 근거가 없어 전류오차가 제한되지 않았다. 이에 본 논문에서는 구역판별기, SVM, 그리고 외부와 내부 히스테리시스 제어기를 이용하여 높은 스위칭 주파수를 저감하고 특정 밴드 내에서 전류 오차를 줄인 개선된 SVM 기반의 히스테리시스 전류제어기를 제안하고 모의실험을 통해 제안한 기법의 유효성을 입증하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2001

Performance of SPECT imaging systems which use a rotating gamma camera, are affected by characteristics of the detector-collimator assembly, the data acquisition method, and the filter used in imaging reconstruction. The purpose of this study Is to examine image qualifies of SPECT with different types of low energy collimators. The SPECT imaging system in this study is a digital gamma camera system GCA-901A(Toshiba) and a data processing unit Scintipac-700(Shimadzu). The four types of collimators compared are UHR(ultra high resolution), LEHR(low energy high resolution), LEGP(low energy general purpose), and I-123 PAR(Parallel), with 0.27, 0.66, 1.00, and 2.06 relative sensitivity, respectively. In this case of the same collimators, the spatial resolutions measured in the slice plane showed a slight difference in the FWHM values(mean values of UHR, LEHR, LEGP, and I-123 PAR were 11.3 mm, 13.6 mm, 15.8 mm, and 20.4 mm, respectively) between the center and the circumference of the field of view, in the radial direction, but a large difference in the tangential direction, with lower FWHM values(values of UHR, LEHR, LEGP, and I-123 PAR were 8.4 mm, 8.7 mm, 9.3 mm, and 10.8 mm at 12 cm from the center, respectively). In comparison of SPECT images with the four types of collimators, except for the I-123 PAR collimator, image qualities of UHR, LEHR, and LEGP collimators showed only a slight difference. From the point of for, it is expected that the LEGP collimator would be suitable for SPECT imaging with $^{99m}Tc$.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1994

A tobacco ripeness grading meter was designed and constructed using the color sensor, its performance was evaluated. A degree of ripeness grading of a leaf is very closely related to the measured tobacco leaf color. Measuring the small amount of the reflectance precisely depends on the apparatus including color sensor, light source, detector sensitivity, and geometric characteristics of appratus. To analyze and minimize the variational effects, experiments to select the proper condition were performed. Because of the combined effect mentioned above, the system has some variation on its response. Basis on the results of the experiments, prototype was developed and interfaced to a computer system. The main components of prototype included a tungsten lamp as a light source, Amorphous full color sensor with three filters, regulated D.C. power supply, OP - AMP(741 TC) for amplification, AR - B3001 board for interfacing to a computer with analog to digital conversion, and a compatible IBM PC XT computer. The experimental results of the developed ripeness tobacco leaf measurement system are summarized as following: [1] The output readings of ripeness grade meter for tobacco leaf, which is based on harvesting time, showed the apparent difference in variety of different quality. It was considered suitable that three filters(red, green, blue) in Amorphous full color sensor could be used in four different ripeness degree measurement of tobacco leaf. [2] The output readings of ripeness grade meter for tobacco leaf, which is based on government procurement, showed apparent difference in variety of different quality. Tobacco leaf varieties to stalk position are divided into tips, leaf, cutters, and primings, It is considered suitable that only red filter in the sensor could be used to classify the grade of tobacco leaf within the same kind tobacco stalk. However, the ripeness grade meter was not adequate to classify all the tobacco grades in the four different tobacco leaves.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3790-3797
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• 2021

Although the individual channel readout method can improve the performance of PET detectors with pixelated photo-sensors, such as silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), this method leads to a significant increase in the number of readout channels. In this study, we proposed a novel multiplexing method that could effectively reduce the number of readout channels to reduce system complexity and development cost. The proposed multiplexing circuit was designed to generate bipolar pulses with different zero-crossing points by adjusting the time constant of the high-pass filter connected to each channel of a pixelated photo-sensor. The channel position of the detected gamma-ray was identified by estimating the width between the rising edge and the zero-crossing point of the bipolar pulse. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed multiplexing circuit, four detector blocks, each consisting of a 4 × 4 array of 3 mm × 3 mm × 20 mm LYSO and a 4 × 4 SiPM array, were constructed. The average energy resolution was 13.2 ± 1.1% for all 64 crystal pixels and each pixel position was accurately identified. A coincidence timing resolution was 580 ± 12 ps. The experimental results indicated that the novel multiplexing method proposed in this study is able to effectively reduce the number of readout channels while maintaining accurate position identification with good energy and timing performance. In addition, it could be useful for the development of PET systems consisting of a large number of pixelated detectors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.526-535
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• 2019

Objective : While the risk of aneurysmal rebleeding induced by catheter cerebral angiography is a serious concern and can delay angiography for a few hours after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), current angiographic technology and techniques have been much improved. Therefore, this study investigated the risk of aneurysmal rebleeding when using a recent angiographic technique immediately after SAH. Methods : Patients with acute SAH underwent immediate catheter angiography on admission. A four-vessel examination was conducted using a biplane digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system that applied a low injection rate and small volume of a diluted contrast, along with appropriate control of hypertension. Intra-angiographic aneurysmal rebleeding was diagnosed in cases of extravasation of the contrast medium during angiography or increased intracranial bleeding evident in flat-panel detector computed tomography scans. Results : In-hospital recurrent hemorrhages before definitive treatment to obliterate the ruptured aneurysm occurred in 11 of 266 patients (4.1%). Following a univariate analysis, a multivariate analysis using a logistic regression analysis revealed that modified Fisher grade 4 was a statistically significant risk factor for an in-hospital recurrent hemorrhage (p=0.032). Cerebral angiography after SAH was performed on 88 patients ${\leq}3$ hours, 74 patients between 3-6 hours, and 104 patients >6 hours. None of the time intervals showed any cases of intra-angiographic rebleeding. Moreover, even though the DSA ${\leq}3$ hours group included more patients with a poor clinical grade and modified Fisher grade 4, no case of aneurysmal rebleeding occurred during erebral angiography. Conclusion : Despite the high risk of aneurysmal rebleeding within a few hours after SAH, emergency cerebral angiography after SAH can be acceptable without increasing the risk of intra-angiographic rebleeding when using current angiographic techniques and equipment.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2018

As the use of digital radiographic system has been expanded, there are some concerns an increase about in patient of radiation dose. Therefore, International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) has been proposed a standard foe exposure index (EI). In this study, the EI was measured on human chest model using computed radiography (CR). Radiation quality used RQA5 of IEC62494-1. After acquiring the chest anterior posterior image (Chest AP) by using the phantom, the EI was obtained by applying the system response. In this study, we have analyzed the images with the detector size (Full filed ROI) and the optimized image (Fit filed ROI). The EI increased proportionally with radiation dose increase. Due to the discrete increase in pixel value, the EI showed an exponential increase. The discrete increase in noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) resulted in a discrete increase in the EI. The EI of the two images used in this study increased with increasing NEQ but showed different increments. For the measurement of the EI, IEC standards must be followed. The EI should be used as an index to evaluate the image quality for quality control of X-ray image rather than as an indicator of exposure dose. When calculating the EI, the system response should be applied depending on whether or not the grid is used. The size of the field should be obtained by including only the necessary parts.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.432-438
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• 2019

In the study of nuclear structure, the fast timing technique can be used to measure the lifetime of excited states. In the paper, we have developed a new fast timing system, which is made up of two $LaBr_3:Ce$ detectors and a set of waveform sampling system. The sampling system based on domino ring sampler version 4 chip (DRS4) can digitize and store the waveform information of detector signal, with a smaller volume and higher timing accuracy, and the waveform data are performed by means of digital waveform analysis methods. The coincidence time resolution of the fast timing system for two annihilation 511 keV ${\gamma}$ photon is 200ps (FWHM), the energy resolution is 3.5%@511 keV, and the energy linear response in the large dynamic range is perfect. Meanwhile, to verify the fast timing performance of the system, the $^{152}Gd-2_1^+$ state form ${\beta}^+$ decay of $^{152}Eu$ source is measured. The measured lifetime is $45.3({\pm}5.0)ps$, very close to the value of the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC: $46.2({\pm}3.9)ps$). The experimental results indicate that the fast timing system is capable of measuring the lifetime of dozens of ps. Therefore, the system can be widely used in the research of the fast timing technology.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2021

적정 화학반응에는 화학종의 전위차 변화뿐만 아니라 지시약의 색깔 변화도 포함된다. 전위차 적정에서는 종말점에서 전위의 급격한 변화를 측정하여 적정 곡선을 얻는다. 산-염기 적정은 일반적으로 지시약의 색 변화를 관찰하여 종말점을 결정함으로써 수행된다. 전위차를 측정하여 종말점을 결정하는 방법은 잘 확립 되어 상용화되어 있지만 색의 변화를 관찰하여 종말점을 얻는 장치는 많지 않은 실정이다. 적외선 광원과 감지기로 적정액 방울을 계수하고, 백색광원과 광 검출기로 종말점의 변색을 감지하여 아날로그-디지털 변환기인 아두이노 (Arduino)가 적용된 간단하고 정밀한 스펙트럼 종말점 검출 기구를 제작하였다. Spectrator는 지시약으로 티몰 블루를 사용한 산-염기 적정에서 재현성 측면에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. Spectrator 제작 과정과 이를 사용한 실험결과를 공유한다.