• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
• /
• v.30B no.12
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1993

In this paper, we propose a connected Korean digit recohnition system employing neural networks and lexical constraints of the Korean digits. In the proposed recognition system, firstly, each frame of digit string is labelled by phoneme classification neural networks.which are trained with the reference phoneme segments extracted form an isolated digit based on the position information. And, the frame labels are combined with each other for constructing the phoneme segments. Then, these segments are combined to form a digit candidate using the digit combination rules. The digit candidate is decided based on the condition for digit decision. If the condition is not satisfied, the digit candidate is further recognized using the digit decision neural network in the next step. In our approach, the neural networks are trained with 10 isolated digits uttered by 5 male speakers. To investigate the performance of the proposed recognition system, an intensive computer simulation on the 30 connected digit strings uttered by 5 male speakers is performed. The simulation result indicates that 95.6% digit recognition rate and 82% digit string recognition rate are provided by the proposed Korean digit recognition system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.9
• /
• pp.1070-1075
• /
• 2019

In this paper, I propose an algorithm to generate an input digit image for a digit recognition system by detecting a digit string in an image and segmenting the digits constituting the digit string. The proposed algorithm detects blobbed digit string through blob detection, designates a digit string area and corrects digit string skew using the detected blob information. And the proposed algorithm corrects the digit skew and determines the boundary points for the digit segmentation in the corrected digit sequence using three CPgraphs newly defined in this paper. In digit segmentation experiments using the image group including digit strings printed with a range of the font sizes and the image group including handwritten digit strings, the proposed algorithm successfully segments 100% and 90% of the digits in each image group.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2015

In this paper, in order to improve the teaching contents on even and odd number, composition and decomposition of numbers, and (1 digit)+(1 digit) with carrying, (10 and 1 digit)-(1 digit) with borrowing, the corresponding teaching contents in ${\ll}$Math 1-1${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Math 1-2${\gg}$ are critically reviewed. Implications obtained through this review can be summarized as follows. First, the current incomplete definition of even and odd numbers would need to be reconsidered, and the appropriateness of dealing with even and odd numbers in first grade would need to be reconsidered. Second, it is necessary to deal with composition and decomposition of numbers less than 20. That is, it need to be considered to compose (10 and 1 digit) with 10 and (1 digit) and to decompose (10 and 1 digit) into 10 and (1 digit) on the basis of the 10. And the sequence dealing with composition and decomposition of 10 before dealing with composition and decomposition of (10 and 1 digit) need to be considered. And it need to be considered that composing (10 and 1 digit) with (1 digit) and (1 digit) and decomposing (10 and 1 digit) into (1 digit) and (1 digit) are substantially useless. Third, it is necessary to eliminate the logical leap in the calculation process. That is, it need to be considered to use the composing (10 and 1 digit) with 10 and (1 digit) and decomposing (10 and 1 digit) into 10 and (1 digit) on the basis of the 10 to eliminate the leap which can be seen in the explanation of calculating (1 digit)+(1 digit) with carrying, (10 and 1 digit)-(1 digit) with borrowing. And it need to be considered to deal with the vertical format for calculation of (1 digit)+(1 digit) with carrying and (10 and 1 digit)-(1 digit) with borrowing in ${\ll}$Math 1-2${\gg}$, or it need to be considered not to deal with the vertical format for calculation of (1 digit)+(1 digit) with carrying and (10 and 1 digit)-(1 digit) with borrowing in ${\ll}$Math 1-2 workbook${\gg}$ for the consistency.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.49.4-49
• /
• 2001

Digit recognition based on backpropagation neural networks, as an important application of pattern recognition, was attracted much attention. Although it has the advantages of parallel calculation, high error-tolerance, and learning capability, better recognition effects can only be achieved with some specific fixed format input of the digit image. Therefore, digit image preprocessing ability directly affects the accuracy of recognition. Here using Matlab software, the digit image was enhanced by resizing and neutral-rotating the extracted digit image, which improved the digit recognition capability of the backpropagation neural network under practical conditions. This method may also be helpful for recognition of other patterns with backpropagation neural networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.1C
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2009

We present an efficient exponentiation algorithm for a finite field $GF(2^n)$ determined by an optimal normal basis of type II using signed digit representation of the exponents. Our signed digit representation uses a non-adjacent form (NAF) for $GF(2^n)$. It is generally believed that a signed digit representation is hard to use when a normal basis is given because the inversion of a normal element requires quite a computational delay. However our result shows that a special normal basis, called an optimal normal basis (ONB) of type II, has a nice property which admits an effective exponentiation using signed digit representations of the exponents.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the effect of new recognition unit, a unit based on semisyllable, and its post processing method. A recognition unit based on semi-syllable expresses Korean connected digit's coarticulation effect. An existing method using semi-syllable limits next models, derived from current recognized models, to make complete connected digit sequence. However, this paper uses a new method to make complete connected digit sequence. The new post-processing method recognizes isolated digit words which include digits sequence from the digit combinations being able to occur from current recognized semi-syllable sequence. This method gives an improved accuracy rate than that of existing method. This new post processing provides two advantages. 1) It corrects current mis-recognized semi-syllable unit. 2) When people say each digit, they say it without regard to saying duration.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.10A no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we present a new Korean connected digit recognition based on vowel string and number of syllables. There are two steps to reduce digit candidates. The first one is to determine the number and interval of digit. Once the number and interval of digit are determined, the second is to recognize the vowel string in the digit string. The digit candidates according to vowel string are recognized based on CV (consonant vowel), VCCV and VC unit HMM. The proposed method can cope effectively with the coarticulation effects and recognize the connected digit speech very well.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.50
• /
• pp.123-137
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we consider the implementation of connected digit recognition system using tree structured lexicon model. To implement efficiently the fixed or variable length digit recognition system, finite state network (FSN) is required. We merge the word network algorithm that implements the FSN with lexical tree search algorithm that is used for general speech recognition system for fast search and large vocabulary systems. To find the efficient modeling of digit recognition system, we investigate some performance changes when the lexical tree search is applied.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.81.1-81.1
• /
• 2012

Herschel Key Program 중의 하나인 "Dust, Ice and Gas In Time (DIGIT)"의 관측 및 분석결과를 발표하고자 한다. 특히 DIGIT 천체들 중 Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS)로 관측된 별생성 초기 단계에 있는 embedded objects들의 FIR SED와 CO, $H_2O$, OH, [OI], [CII]의 FIR 천이선들의 공간분포와 생성기작을 분석한다. 뿐만 아니라, 원시성의 특성들($L_{bol}$과 $T_{bol}$)과 이들 각 분자/원자선에 의한 냉각률의 관계를 통계적으로 분석한 결과를 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 1975

Investigations on sole characteristics of unit-distance duo-decimal codes are carried out, and 31kinds of Prime Digit Sequence (PDS) are proposed in order to express various digit sequences. From these PDS, by means of the rotational conversion, 348 digit sequences which express the practical GC are obtained, and, ism these digit sequences, it is found that there are 120576 unit distance codes by the permutation of the coordinate number and the initial condition of the codes. Some special codes such as reflected or symmetrical codes and Lippel codes, and their application to the practical GC counter are also studied.