• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.872-878
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• 2016

Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment isolated from crustaceans and salmonids. Owing to its powerful antioxidant activity, ASX has been reported to have the potential to protect against gastric ulcers and a variety of other illnesses. Histamine (His) is a dietary factor that causes gastric erosion and ulceration in young chicks. In this study, we examined whether ASX had protective effects on dietary histamine-induced lesions in the gizzard and proventriculus of broiler chickens. Four experimental treatment groups were planned: basal diet (BD), BD+His, BD+ASX, and BD+ASX+His, with four chicks (5 days old) in each group and three replications (i.e., a total of 12 chicks per group). The BD was supplemented with either 0.4% His or 100 ppm ASX. The birds were fed ad libitum for 3 weeks, and diets contained no antimicrobial compounds. Supplementing the diet with His significantly decreased body weight gain, but increased the weights of the gizzard and proventriculus of the chicks as compared with those of chicks in the BD group (p<0.05). ASX did not affect His-dependent changes in chick body weight or weights of the gizzard and proventriculus. The loss of gastric glands in the proventriculus, which was observed in His-treated chicks, was not prevented by ASX administration. The frequency of proventricular ulceration, however, was lowered by treatment with ASX, without significant differences between the two supplementation levels. In conclusion, our data showed that ASX might be helpful for alleviating structural damage to the digestive system in poultry under certain stressful conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2002

In this study, we found a new food additive as an natural herbal extracts against lipid digestion enzymes for the regulation of fatty acid absorption and weight control. The Water extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum melongena. inhibited lipase activity and decresed serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in mouse fed lipid emulsion. Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts plus the egg yolk IgY that inhibit carbohydrate digestion enzymes in gut for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of natural herbal extract and egg yolk IgY improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2006

The mammalian trematode Paragonimus westermani is a typical digenetic parasite, which can cause paragonimiasis in humans. Host tissues and blood cells are important sources of nutrients for development, growth and reproduction of P. westermani. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding a 47 kDa hemoglobinase of P. westermani was characterized by sequencing analysis, and its localization was investigated immunohistochemically. The phylogenetic tree prepared based on the hemoglobinase gene showed high homology with hemoglobinases of Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma spp. Moreover, recombinant P. westermani hemoglobinase degradaded human hemoglobin at acidic pH (from 3.0 to 5.5) and its activity was almost completely inhibited by E-64, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that P. westermani hemoglobinase was localized in the epithelium of the adult worm intestine implying that the protein has a specific function. These observations suggest that hemoglobinase may act as a digestive enzyme for acquisition of nutrients from host hemoglobin. Further investigations may provide insights into hemoglobin catabolism in P. westermani.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.301-307
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• 2006

A ligniolytic bacterial strain was isolated from the digestive tract of a red dragonfly, Sympetrum dopressiusculum. It was identified as a Serratia marcescens HY-5 by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and physiological and biochemical analysis. The isolated strain showed proportional increase of ligninolytic activity to the cell growth in the culture media which include lignin compounds. It showed about 25-45% decomposition of lignin compound by 48 hr incubation especially, showed effective decomposition of monomer lignin compounds, vanillin and guaiacol, and a dimer, dealkaline lignin. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed high density of S. marcescens HY-5 in the gut of the S. depressiusculum at both gut samples which collected at different site.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

High frequency sounds disrupt physiological processes, such as feeding behavior, development and immune responses of Spodoptera exigua. We analyzed high frequency sounds with respect to biochemical changes in S. exigua. High frequency sound (5,000 Hz, 95 dB) suppressed protein synthesis and secretion of midgut epithelium. It also significantly inhibited a digestive enzyme activity of phospholipase $A_2$. The gene expression of three different heat shock proteins and apolipophorin III was altered, particularly in midgut tissue in response to high frequency sound treatments. High frequency sound treatments significantly increased sugar and lipid levels in hemolymph plasma. These results suggest that high frequency sounds are a physiological stress that induces biochemical changes in S. exigua.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.551-566
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• 1997

Phosphorus has been known as an essential component of animal body. However, the requirement has not been determined precisely because of the variable bioavailabilities of feedstuffs from plant origin. The bioavailability of P in various feedstuffs of plant origin varies from 10 to 60%. Digestibility and availability of the P differed considerably depending on the feed. The lowest values were found for maize (under 20%), the highest for wheat and triticale (over 50%). This is due to the proportion of phytate and the presence of intrinsic phytase. And the digestive tract of monogastric animals does not contain sufficient amounts of phytase, an enzyme that hydrolyses the unavailable phytate complexes to available, inorganic orthophosphates. Microbial phytase supplementation improves the P availability, and both intrinsic plant and microbial phytase improves the availability of P in feedstuffs of plant origin. In a mixture of feeds with low and high activity of intrinsic phytase and/or supplemented by commercial phytase, the P availability is additive. However, in the light of current results it seems that exceeding the P availability equal to 60-70% is unrealizable even at large microbial phytase doses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2014

A 15-wk feeding trial was conducted to examine the supplemental effects of Barodon on growth performance, gastrointestinal histology, feed digestibility and innate immunity in olive founder. A basal commercial diet was used as a control and two other diets were prepared by spraying 0.1% or 0.2% of Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (BW, 145 g) were fed one of the test diets to apparent satiation twice daily. At the end of the feeding trial, fish growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary treatments; however, feed utilization was significantly improved (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) by Barodon supplementation. Significantly higher (p<0.05) survival rates were obtained in fish fed Barodon containing diets. Hepatosomatic index increased significantly in Barodon treated groups. Also, the use of Barodon resulted in significant increase (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) of intestine length and number of goblet cells. Significantly higher (Quadratic, p<0.05) apparent digestibility coefficient of DM was obtained by supplementation of Barodon. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities increased quadratically and linearly, respectively, in Barodon treated fish. Also, significantly higher (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon fed fish. The findings in this study show that inclusion of Barodon in diets for olive flounder improves feed utilization and digestibility, and positively affects digestive tract histology and innate immunity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.134-141
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• 2016

To investigate the role of polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASPS) in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury, 18 mice (at 5 wk of age) were assigned to three groups with 6 replicates of one mouse each. Mice were administrated by oral gavage with or without ASPS (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days and were injected with saline or LPS at 15 days. Intestinal samples were collected at 4 h post-challenge. The results showed that ASPS ameliorated LPS-induced deterioration of digestive ability of LPS-challenged mice, indicated by an increase in intestinal lactase activity (45%, p<0.05), and the intestinal morphology, as proved by improved villus height (20.84%, p<0.05) and villus height:crypt depth ratio (42%, p<0.05), and lower crypt depth in jejunum (15.55%, p<0.05), as well as enhanced intestinal tight junction proteins expression involving occludin-1 (71.43%, p<0.05). ASPS also prevented intestinal inflammation response, supported by decrease in intestinal inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (22.28%, p<0.05) and heat shock protein (HSP70) (77.42%, p<0.05). In addition, intestinal mucus layers were also improved by ASPS, as indicated by the increase in number of goblet cells (24.89%, p<0.05) and intestinal trefoil peptide (17.75%, p<0.05). Finally, ASPS facilitated mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (100%, p<0.05) and its receptor (200%, p<0.05) gene. These results indicate that ASPS can prevent intestinal mucosal barrier injury under inflammatory conditions, which may be associated with up-regulating gene mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2015

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Gagam-daewhang mangcho-tang (GDM) and its components on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice Methods: The AP mouse model was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg) at hourly intervals for 6 times. The experimental drug was administrated intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to the first injection of cerulein. Mice were sacrificed at 6 hours after the last injection of cerulein. Blood samples were taken to determine serum amylase level. The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for histochemical examination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays. Results: Administration of modified GDM significantly reduced the ratio of pancreas/body weight, level of serum amylase, neutrophil infiltration, and histological damage of the pancreas and lung. In a test of the components of GDM, the Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) group showed a significant suppression of the severity of AP. In an experiment testing the concentration of SM, the 150 mg/kg SM group showed significant attenuation of the severity of AP. Conclusions: Modified GDM and a SM water extract could attenuate AP and AP-associated lung injury via suppression of digestive enzyme secretion and MPO activity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.1 s.25
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• pp.102-115
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to find out morbidity rate and utilization pattern of medical services of sailors on a voyage. The subjects of this study were 470 sailors who are sailors' trainee and safety-trainee for embarkation in a ship. Data were collected by means of personal survey conducted from September 5 to October 30, 1988. The subjects were sailed 12.6 months on the average. During the voyage, 49.4% of the sailors had sickness more than once, and 24.7% was unable to work more than a day because of illness. The average monthly morbidity rate was 85.7 per 1,000 and the monthly prevalence rate of disease that was unable to work more than a day was 21.2 per 1,000. The sailors of 40-49 years old had the highest morbidity rate of 103.6 per 1,000/month. The number of days activity restricted due to sickness was 93.4 days per 1,000 persons, and the average duration of illness was 11.2 days per sickness. The proportion of treatment days to sickness days was 48.8%. Considering morbidity unable to work more than a day, the number of those who had traumatic injury were 17.2%, which revealed the highest rate, influenza or cold were 15.5%, and the digestive disease 11.2%. Less than half(42.1%) of patients were treated with medicine kept in the cabin. However, 2.1% was transferred by helicopter and 29.5% was treated at hospitals or clinics in nearby port. In the cabin, 67.4% of patients was cured completely.