• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2005

유니버설 디자인은 베리어 프리(barrier-free), 수용 가능한(adaptive), 평생의 디자인(life-span design)의 세 개념을 포함한다. 그것은 단순히 장애가 있는 사람들을 위한 접근성 차원의 디자인이라기보다는 확장된 개념으로서 인간이 접하는 모든 물리적 환경이나 시설들을 접근하기 쉽고 사용하기 편하도록 디자인하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 그러한 유니버설디자인의 현재와 미래 방향을 부엌디자인의 사례를 중심으로 조망해보았다. 문헌상의 디자인지침과 사례들에서 살펴본 현재 시장의 추이와 선행연구들의 특징들에서 살펴본 시대적 추이를 토대로 제안한다면, 향후 유니버설 부엌디자인은 '사용자에 따른 대량맞춤', '신기술의 적용', '심리적 측면의 고려' 등의 방향으로 전개되어야 할 것이다. 또한 유니버설디자인이 확산되기 위해서는 '적절한 경제적 비용문제의 해갈, '사회적 인식의 확산', 디자인에 있어 '문제인식의 전환'이 있어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 아직 우리나라에서는 유니버설디자인개념의 디자인모델들이 여러 분야에서 양산되고 있는 실정은 아니다. 앞으로 우리나라 상황에 적합한 유니버설디자인을 개발 연구하기 위해서는 물리적, 지각적, 심리적 측면뿐만 아니라 우리의 문화적, 지역적 특성도 감안되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2013

For the improvement of ginsenoside bioavailability, the ginsenosides of fermented red ginseng by Phellinus linteus (FRG) were examined with respect to bioavailability and physiological activity. The polyphenol content of FRG ($19.14{\pm}0.50$ mg/g) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that of non-fermented red ginseng (NFRG, $11.31{\pm}1.15$ mg/g). The antioxidant activities in FRG, such as 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power, were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in NFRG. The HPLC analysis results showed that the FRG had a high level of ginsenoside metabolites. The total ginsenoside contents in NFRG and FRG were $41.65{\pm}1.53$ mg/g and $50.12{\pm}1.43$ mg/g, respectively. However, FRG had a significantly higher content ($33.90{\pm}0.97$ mg/g) of ginsenoside metabolites (Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, compound K, Rh1, F2, and Rg2) compared with NFRG ($14.75{\pm}0.46$ mg/g). The skin permeability of FRG was higher than that of NFRG using Franz diffusion cell models. In particular, after 3 h, the skin permeability of FRG was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of NFRG. Using a rat everted intestinal sac model, FRG showed a high transport level compared with NFRG after 1 h. FRG had dramatically improved bioavailability compared with NFRG as indicated by skin permeation and intestinal permeability. The significantly greater bioavailability of FRG may have been due to the transformation of its ginsenosides by fermentation to more easily absorbable forms (ginsenoside metabolites).

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2012

We explore how wave-particle interactions affect diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at astrophysical shocks by performing time-dependent kinetic simulations, in which phenomenological models for magnetic field amplification (MFA), Alfv$\acute{e}$nic drift, thermal leakage injection, Bohm-like diffusion, and a free escape boundary are implemented. If the injection fraction of cosmic-ray (CR) particles is ${\xi}$ > $2{\times}10^{-4}$, for the shock parameters relevant for young supernova remnants, DSA is efficient enough to develop a significant shock precursor due to CR feedback, and magnetic field can be amplified up to a factor of 20 via CR streaming instability in the upstream region. If scattering centers drift with Alfv$\acute{e}$n speed in the amplified magnetic field, the CR energy spectrum can be steepened significantly and the acceleration efficiency is reduced. Nonlinear DSA with self-consistent MFA and Alfv$\acute{e}$nic drift predicts that the postshock CR pressure saturates roughly at ~10 % of the shock ram pressure for strong shocks with a sonic Mach number ranging $20{\leq}M_s{\leq}100$. Since the amplified magnetic field follows the flow modification in the precursor, the low energy end of the particle spectrum is softened much more than the high energy end. As a result, the concave curvature in the energy spectra does not disappear entirely even with the help of Alfv$\acute{e}$nic drift. For shocks with a moderate Alfv$\acute{e}$n Mach number ($M_A$ < 10), the accelerated CR spectrum can become as steep as $E^{-2.1}$ - $E^{-2.3}$, which is more consistent with the observed CR spectrum and gamma-ray photon spectrum of several young supernova remnants.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제8권10호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2017

뜰개는 해양에서 해수의 특성 및 흐름을 관측하기 위한 장비로서, 해수의 흐름 관측을 이용해 유출유 확산 예측을 위해 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 관측기관에서 사용하는 뜰개가 특정 시간 간격으로 관측한 바람 및 해수의 특성과 이동경로를 기계학습 기법들을 이용하여 학습시키고 예측하는 모델을 제안한다. 서포트벡터 회귀, 방사기저함수 네트워크, 가우시안 프로세스, 다층 퍼셉트론, 순환신경망을 이용하여 뜰개의 이동경로 예측 방법을 제시한다. 기존 MOHID 수치모델과 비교하여 각 기법별로 4 개의 사례중 3 개에서 성능이 개선되었으며, 가장 좋은 개선율을 보인 기법은 LSTM으로 평균 47.59% 개선되었다. 추후 연구에서는 배깅과 부스팅을 이용하여 가중치를 부여하여 정확도를 개선할 예정이다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제64권2호
• /
• pp.228-231
• /
• 2015

In power system research fields, one of current key issues is the construction and commercialization of micro grid site which is called green island, carbon zero island, energy independent island, building micro grid, etc. and various affiliated technologies have been being vigorously developed to realize. In addition, various researches about electric vehicles (EVs) are in progress and it is expected to penetrate rapidly with the next a few years. Some new load models should be developed integrating with electric vehicle loads because the EVs' deployment could cause the change of load composition rate on power system planning and operations. EVs are also resources for micro grid as well as distributed generation and demand response so that various supply and demand side resources should be considered for micro grid researches. In this paper, the load composition rate of residential sectors is prospected considering the deployment of EVs and the resource configuration of micro grid is optimized based on net present cost. In the optimization, the load patten of case studies includes EV's charging characteristics and various cases are simulated comparing micro grid environment and normal condition. HOMER is used to compare various cases and economic effects.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.466-475
• /
• 2003

The gun-type gas burner adopted in this study is generally composed of eight slits and swirl vanes. Thus, this paper is studied to investigate the effect of slits and swirl vanes on the turbulent flow fields in the horizontal plane of gas swirl burner with a cone type baffle plate measured by using X-probe from hot-wire anemometer system. This experiment is carried out at flow rate 450 $\ell$/min in the test section of subsonic wind tunnel. The axial mean velocity component in the case of burner model with only swirl vanes shows the characteristic that spreads more remarkably toward the radial direction than axial one, it does, however, directly opposite tendency in the case of burner model with only slits. Consequently. both slits and swirl vanes composing of gun-type gas burner play an important role in decrease of the speed near slits and increase of the flow speed in the central part of a burner because the biggest speed spurted from slits encircles rotational flow by swirl vanes and it drives main flow toward the axial direction. Moreover, the turbulent intensities and turbulent kinetic energy of gun-type gas burner are distributed with a fairly bigger size within X/R<0.6410 than burner models which have only slits or swirl vanes because the rotational flow by swirl vanes and the fast jet flow by slits increase flow mixing, diffusion, and mean velocity gradient effectively.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.108-122
• /
• 2000

Background: Models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) that have proposed a hypodopaminergic state resulting in hypofunction of the prefrontal circuitry have assumed a unitary dopamine system, which largely ignores the distinct functional differences between mesocortical dopamine system and nigrostriatal dopamine system. Purpose: The author's goal was to develop a pathophysiological model for ADHD with greater explanotory power than dopaminergic hypofunction hypothesis in prefronal circuitry. Material and Methods: Published clinical findings on ADHD were integrated with data from genetic, pharmacological, neuroimaging studies in human and animals. Results: Molecular genetic studies suggest that three genes may increase the susceptibility to ADHD. The three candidate genes associated with ADHD are each involved in dopaminergic function, and this consistent with the neurobiologic studies implicating catecholamines in the etiology of ADHD. Pharmacological data also provide compelling support for dopamine and noradrenergic hypothesis of ADHD. Neuroimaging studies lend substantial support for the hypothesis that right-sided abnormalities of prefrontal-basal ganglia circuit would be found in ADHD. Conclusions: The present hypothesis takes advantage of the major differences between the two pertinent dopamine systems. Mesocortical dopamine system, which largely lacks inhibitory autoreceptors, is ideally positioned to regulate cortical inputs, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio for biologically valued signals. In this circuit, therapeutic doses of stimulants are hypothesized to increase postsynaptic dopamine effects and enhance executive functions. By contrast, symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD are hypothesized to be associated with relative overactivity of nigrostriatal circuit. This nigrostriatal circuit is tightly regulated by inhibitory autoreceptoors as well as by long distance feedback from the cortex, and slow diffusion of therapeutic doses of stimulant via oral administration is hypothesized to produce a net inhibition of dopaminergic neurotransmission and improves hyperactivity.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2004

대기오염 중 자동차에서 배출되는 오염물질이 차지하는 비중이 '92년 60.8%에서 '99년 85.2%로 점차 증가하고 있는 현실을 반영하여 자동차 배기가스로 인한 대기오염 문제는 최근 몇 년 동안 교통 및 환경분야에서 중요한 연구과제로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ITS 검지정보를 입력하여 네트워크 상에서 개별 차량의 운행 패턴과 교통류 특성 변화를 모사하고 이러한 변화에 따라 도로에서 발생하는 자동차 배기가스 배출량을 추정하고 이를 시각적으로 표현할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 교통류 시뮬레이션 모형에 대한 고찰을 통해 국내 외 미시적 교통류 시뮬레이션 프로그램의 내부 알고리즘을 고찰하고, 모니터링 시스템에 탑재하기 위한 교통류 알고리즘을 구축하였다. 또한 배기가스 추정을 위해 배기가스 배출량 산정 및 확산에 관한 연구의 검토를 통해 기존 모형의 한계를 제시하면서 대안적 접근방향을 제시하였고 이러한 연구를 체계화하여 교통류 변화에 따른 대기오염 변화를 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
• /
• pp.140-140
• /
• 1999

Ti/Ni multilayered films (MLF) are ideal for neutron optics particularly in neutron guides and focusing devices. This system also possesses the tendency of amorphization through a solid-state reaction (SSR). This behaviors are closely related to the electronic structures and both magneto-optical (MO) and optical properties of metals depend strongly on their electron energy structures. Mutual inter-diffusion of the Tin and Ni atoms in the MLF caused by a low temperature annealing should decrease the thickness of pure Ni, as well as change the chemical and atomic order in the reactive zone. The application of the MO spectroscopy to the study of SSR in the MLF allows us to obtain an additional information on the changes in the atomic and chemical orders in the interface region. The optical one has no restriction on the magnetic state of the constituent sublayers. Therefore, the changes in magnetic, MO and optical properties of the Ti/Ni MLF due to SSR can be expected. To the best of our knowledge, the MO and optical spectroscopies were not used for this purpose. SSR has been studied in the series of the Ti/Ni MLFs with bilayer periods of 0.65-22.2nm and constant ratio of the Ti to Ni sublayers thickness by using MO and optical spectroscopies as well as an x-ray diffraction. The experimental MO and optical spectra are compared with the computer-simulated spectra, assuming various interface models. The relative changes in the x-ray diffraction spectra and MO properties of the Ti/Ni MLF caused by annealing are bigger for the multilayers with "thick" sublayers, or the SSR with the formation of amorphous alloy takes place mainly in the Ti/Ni multilayers with "thick" sublayers, while in the nominal threshold thickness of the Ni-sublayer for the observation of the equatorial Kerr effect in the as-deposited and annealed Ti/Ni MLFs of about 3.0 and 4.5nm thick is explained by the formation of amorphous alloy during the deposition or the formation of the nonmagnetic alloyed regions between pure components as a result of the SSR. For the case of Ti/Ni MLF the MO approach is more sensitive for the determination of the thickness of the reacted zone, while x-ray diffraction is more useful for structural analyses.structural analyses.

• 한국언론정보학보
• /
• 제49권
• /
• pp.20-38
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 신규 미디어 서비스 및 기기 레퍼토리 결정 요인 및 이에 따른 레퍼토리 이용 집단 간 판별 요인들을 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신규 미디어 서비스 및 기기 이용 다양성 결정 요인을 살펴보기 위해 혁신성, 개인연결망, 사회적 영향력, 인구사회 변인, 미디어 이용 정도 등을 선행 변인으로 투입한 회귀모델을 적용한 결과 개인 연결망이나 사회적 영향력 변인, 인구사회학적 요인 및 미디어 이용 정도 변인들 모두 부분적으로 통계적으로 유의미한 설명 변인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신규 미디어 서비스 및 기기 채택 또는 비채택 이용자를 판별하는 요인들을 살펴본 결과 신규 미디어 서비스는 지상파TV 시청 정도와 연령, 가처분 소득 등이 유의미했으며 신규 미디어 기기는 소득 변인을 포함해 신문, 인터넷, 라디오 이용 정도가 유의미한 판별 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신규 미디어 서비스 및 기기를 다수 채택/비채택하는 이용자 판별 요인들을 살펴본 결과 신규 미디어 서비스는 개인연결망이나 사회적 동질감, 그리고 개인별 가처분 소득 등이 유의미한 판별 요인으로 나타났다. 반면 미디어 기기 다수 채택/비채택 판별 요인은 개인 연결망 및 사회적 동질감, 성별이나 연령, 개인별 가처분 소득 등으로 나타났다.