• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2008

Numerical study is conducted to predict effects of radiative heat loss and fuel composition in synthetic gas diffusion flame diluted with $CO_2$. The existing reaction models in synthetic gas flames diluted with $CO_2$ are evaluated. Numerical simulations with and without gas radiation, based on an optical thin model, are also performed to concrete impacts on effects of radiative heat loss in flame characteristics. Importantly contributing reaction steps to heat release rate are compared for synthetic gas flames with and without $CO_2$ dilution. It is also addressed that the composition of synthetic gas mixtures and their radiative heat losses through the addition of $CO_2$ modify the reaction pathways of oxidation diluted with $CO_2$.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2001년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.149-155
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• 2001

Recently, it is required to design higher stage pressure ratio compressor while maintaining equal adiabatic efficiency. To increase the stage pressure ratio, blade rotational speed or diffusion factor should be increased. In the case of increasing rotational speed, relative speed of flow at blade leading edge is well supersonic. In supersonic blade, total pressure loss is mainly due to shock wave and blade leading edge thickness should be very thin to minimize the shock wave loss. As a result, the blade is like to be week in terms of mechanical strength and the manufacturing cost is very high because NC machining is necessary. It is also one of big hurdle to overcome to make small compressor. In this paper, the effects of blade leading edge to the performance of supersonic blade In terms of total pressure loss. The efficiency of already known method to make thin blade leading edge from the casted blade with rather thick leading edge thickness is also assessed.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Continued scaling of MOS devices requires the formation of the ultra shallow and very heavily doped junction. The simulation and experiment results show that the degradation of pMOS performance in logic and SRAM pMOS devices due to the excessive diffusion of the tail and a large amount of dose loss in the extension region. This problem comes from the high-temperature long-time deposition process for forming the spacer and the presence of fluorine which diffuses quickly to the $Si/SiO_{2}$ interface with boron pairing. We have studied the method to improve the pMOS performance that includes the low-energy boron implantation, spike annealing and device structure design using TCAD simulation.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2017

This paper presents a Technology-CAD (TCAD) simulation of the characteristics of crystalline Si pillar array solar cells. The junction depth and the surface concentration of the solar cells were optimized to obtain the targeted sheet resistance of the emitter region. The diffusion model was determined by calibrating the emitter doping profile of the microscale silicon pillars. The dimension parameters determining the pillar shape, such as width, height, and spacing were varied within a simulation window from ${\sim}2{\mu}m$ to $5{\mu}m$. The simulation showed that increasing pillar width (or diameter) and spacing resulted in the decrease of current density due to surface area loss, light trapping loss, and high reflectance. Although increasing pillar height might improve the chances of light trapping, the recombination loss due to the increase in the carrier's transfer length canceled out the positive effect to the photo-generation component of the current. The silicon pillars were experimentally formed by photoresist patterning and electroless etching. The laboratory results of a fabricated Si pillar solar cell showed the efficiency and the fill factor to be close to the simulation results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제20권E2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

Aerosol losses in a 100L Tedlar$^{(R)}$ bag were investigated for the aerosols with number median diameter of 0.05 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and number concentration of 6.4 ${\times}$ 10$^4$ cm$^{-3}$ . Over a 1 hr period, loss of particles in the bag is apparent, and the volume decrease with time is significant. The number concentration, surface area, and volume concentration of the aerosols decreased to 34, 50, and 52% of the initial value in 30 min, respectively. This indicates that deposition to the walls was the main loss process for aerosols in the Tedlar$^{(R)}$ bag. Theoretical calculations showed that coagulations and deposition by diffusion and gravitational sedimentation would not change aerosol characteristics significantly, and the electrical force was the dominant loss process for particles in the Tedlar$^{(R)}$ bag over a 1 hr period.eriod.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2006

Systematic experiments in $CH_4/Air$ counterflow diffusion flames diluted with He have been undertaken to study the oscillatory instability in which lateral flame size was less than burner nozzle diameter and thus lateral heat loss could be remarkable at low global strain rate. The oscillatory instability arises for Lewis numbers greater than unity and occurs near extinction condition. The oscillation is the direct outcome from the advancing and retreating edge flame. The dynamic behaviors of extinction in this configuration can be classified into three modes; growing, harmonic and decaying oscillation mode near extinction. As the global strain rate decreases, the amplitude of the oscillation becomes larger. This is caused by the increase of lateral heat loss which can be confirmed by the reduction of lateral flame size. Oscillatory edge flame instabilities at low global strain rate are shown to be closely associated with not only Lewis number but also heat loss (radiation and lateral heat loss).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.824-830
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• 1996

삼투건조의 여러 가지 가공변수 중 설탕용액의 농도를 달리하고 침지시간, 침지온도를 달리하여 삼투건조를 행하여 물질이동을 나타내는 Solid Gain(SG), Weight Reduction(WR), Moisture Loss(ML) 등을 조사하여 물질이동특성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 온도와 농도 시간에 따른 수분의 이동과 용질의 이동을 확산식으로 평가하였다. 색차의 변화((equation omitted)E)는 $60^{\circ}C에서만$ 높은 값을 보여 갈변이 심해짐을 확인할 수 있었으며, 높은 온도에서는 낮은 농도에서 처리가 더 큰 (equation omitted)E값을 나타내었고, 낮은 온도에서는 농도에 따라서 큰차이를 나타내지 않았다. SG은 농도가 증가할수록 설탕의 흡수가 많아져 증가하였으며, WR 또한 고농도에서 무게감소가 많이 이루어지고 저농도에서는 낮은 값을 보여 설탕농도가 높아질수록 많은 양의 무게감소가 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. ML는 저농도 보다는 고농도에서 빠른 증가가 일어나 건조가 빠르게 진행됨을 알 수 있었으며 수분 함량은 삼투농도가 높을수록 수분 함량이 점차 낮아져 삼투처리로 건조가 이루어짐을 화인할 수 있었다. 수분의 이동에 따른 확산계수는 같은 온도, 같은 농도에서 각각 농도나 온도의 증가시 높은 값을 가져 확산이 빠르게 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 용질의 이동에 따른 확산계수는 온도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 농도의 영향에 있어서는 $20^{\circ}C에서는$ 농도의 증가에 따라 증가함을 보였으나 $40^{\circ}C와$ $60^{\circ}C에서는$ 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 확산계수에 대한 온도의 영향을 Arrhenius 식에 적합시켜 본 결과, 5% 유의 수준에서 수분의 이동은 60 。Brix, 용질의 경우는 40。Brix의 농도에서만 적합하다고 할 수 있었다. 수분과 용질의 확산에 있어서 낮은 농도인 20。Brix에서는 높은 활성화 에너지를 보였으며 상대적으로 고농도인 40 Brix와 60 。Brix에서는 낮은 활성화 에너지를 보여 확산이 쉽게 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2009

대향류확산화염에서 화염소화와 에지화염 진동 특성에 관한 실험 및 수치해석 연구가 수행된다. 이러한 특성들은 버너 직경, 버너간 거리, 전체신장율, 그리고 속도비를 변화시키며 묘사된다. 실험과 수치해석으로부터 반경방향으로 전도열손실이 미소중력 및 중력 조건에서 화염소화와 에지화염 진동에 크게 기여한다는 것이 입증된다. 적절히 작은 버너직경을 사용한 경우에 화염 소화 모드는 4가지로 분류되며, 과다한 반경방향 열손실에 기인한다는 것이 밝혀진다. 에지화염 진동은 Strouhal 수와 Peclet 수에 의해 하나의 곡선으로 잘 특성화된다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.761-769
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• 2007

The configuration of the flow channel on a bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) for efficient reactant supply has great influence on the performance of the fuel cell. Recent demand for higher energy density fuel cells requires an increase in current density at mid voltage range and a decrease in concentration overvoltage at high current density. Therefore, an interdigitated flow channel where mass transfer rate by convection through a gas diffusion layer is greater than the mass transfer by a diffusion mechanism through a gas diffusion layer was recently proposed. This study attempts to analyze the i-V performance, mass transfer and pressure drop in interdigitated flow channels by developing a fully three dimensional simulation model for PEMFC that can deal with anode and cathode flow together. The results indicate that the trade off between performance and pressure loss should be considered for efficient design of flow channels. Although the performance of the fuel cell with interdigitated flow is better than that with conventional flow channels due to a strong mass transfer rate by convection across a gas diffusion layer, there is also an increase in friction due to the strong convection through the porous diffusion layer accompanied by a larger pressure drop along the flow channel. It was evident that the proper selection of the ratio of channel and rib width under counter flow conditions in the fuel cell with interdigitated flow are necessary to optimize the interdigitated flow field design.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.349-359
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• 1992

염료속에 함유된 무기염(NaCl, $Na_2SO_4$)의 선택적 제거를 위해 역확산과 역삼투를 결합한 방법과 nanofiltration(NF)을 각각 이용하였다. 역확산에 의한 염의 제거율은 염의 종류에 따라 1회(one pass)에 1~30%를 나타냈으며 염과 염료의 분리비는 10~500의 매우 큰 값을 갖는 반면 염료의 손실율은 0.3% 이하였다. 염료용액을 순환시킬수록 음이온인 $Cl^-$ 이온의 제거율이 증가하고 양이온인 $Na^+$ 이온의 제거율이 감소하는 도난투석현상이 관찰되었다. 또한 공급용액의 유속이 염의 제거에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 역확산에 의해 염이 제거된 염료를 평판형 역삼투막을 사용하여 농축하였으며 $Cl^-$ 이온의 배제율을 solution-diffusion 모델식에 적용하였다 2회의 Diafiltration(DF)을 수행한 NF에서도 역확산에서와 마찬가지로 도난투석에 의해 $Cl^-$ 이온의 배제율 감소와 음배제율을 관찰하였다. 특히 두번째 DF에서 도난투석의 효과는 더욱 크게 나타났다.