• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.221-239
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to review the current status of disseminating knowledge on Korean people by analyzing biographies for juvenile and general audiences with the subject term 'Korea' in WorldCat. Languages and topics of 15,007 bibliographic records and topic facets, biographees, and holding libraries in the U.S. of 487 biographies for juvenile audiences were analyzed. Major findings are as follows: 1) 30 English biographies are held by may libraries in the U.S. and the most popular subjects are Kim Il-song and Kim Jong-il, 2) 457 Korean biographies are not held by many libraries, and King Sejong and the General Yi Sun-sin are the most popular subjects, 3) many Korean biographies are picture books for the very young readers with the focus on Korean folklores and anecdotal biographies, and 4) there are some errors in topic facets, dispersion of biographees, and inaccurate holding lists of bibliographic records. Therefore, there seems to be little to read with an interest and promote the diffusion of knowledge on Korean people through libraries.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.4A
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• pp.343-352
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• 2010

Recently, many researchers have been carried out to estimate more controlled service life and long-term performance of carbonated concrete structures. Durability analysis and design based on probability have been induced to new concrete structures for design. This paper provides a carbonation prediction model based on the Fick's 1st law of diffusion using statistic data of carbonated concrete structures and the probabilistic analysis of the durability performance has been carried out by using a Bayes' theorem. The influence of concerned design parameters such as $CO_2$ diffusion coefficient, atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration, absorption quantity of $CO_2$ and the degree of hydration was investigated. Using a monitoring data, this model which was based on probabilistic approach was predicted a carbonation depth and a remaining service life at a variety of environmental concrete structures. Form the result, the application method using a realistic carbonation prediction model can be to estimate erosion-open-time, controlled durability and to determine a making decision for suitable repair and maintenance of carbonated concrete structures.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2003

In general, the interest rate is forecasted by the parametric method which assumes the interest rate follows a certain distribution. However the method has a shortcoming that forecasting ability would decline when the interest rate does not follow the assumed distribution for the stochastic behavior of interest rate. Therefore, the nonparametric method which assumes no particular distribution is regarded as a superior one. This paper compares the interest rate forecasting ability between the two method for the Monetary Stabilization Bond (MSB) market in Korea. The daily and weekly data of the MSB are used during the period of August 9th 1999 to February 7th 2003. In the parametric method, the drift term of the interest rate process shows the linearity while the diffusion term presents non-linear decline. Meanwhile in the nonparametric method, both drift and diffusion terms show the radical change with nonlinearity. The parametric and nonparametric methods present a significant difference in the market price of interest rate risk. This means in forecasting the interest rate and the market price of interest rate risk, the nonparametric method is more appropriate than the parametric method.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Regardless of the ignition source, the main factors affecting the spread of flames to the human body are combustibles. The sound absorption material, which is the finishing material used in music institutes and karaoke rooms, consists of polyurethane that generates a large amount of toxic gas with a high amount of combustion gases during a fire. Still, the current law does not require the use of impregnated finishing materials for tutoring services with less than 100 users. In this study, the rate of flame diffusion was measured using the MultiRaelite composite gas measuring instrument (target substance VOC, HCHO, SO₂, CO₂, CO, HCN, and NO₂) for the collection of sound-absorbing materials installed in the actual music academy. The results showed that the toxic gas found in this experiment exceeded the allowable concentration of TWA (Time Weighted Average) and STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit). In addition, a comparative combustion test of the general sound absorber and non-combustion sound absorbing materials on the market showed wide differences in ignition and diffusion. Therefore, based on the results of the experiment, private institutes with less than 100 users should be mandated to use non-combustion sound absorbing materials.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.313-325
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the elderly healthcare app market through text mining analysis and to present basic data for activating elderly healthcare apps. Data collection was conducted on Naver, Daum, blog web, and cafe. As for the research method, text mining, TF-IDF(Term frequency-inverse document frequency), emotional analysis, and semantic network analysis were conducted using Textom and Ucinet6, which are big data analysis programs. As a result of this study, a total of six categories were finally derived: resolving the healthcare app information gap, convergence healthcare technology, diffusion media, elderly healthcare app industry, social background, and content. In conclusion, in order for elderly healthcare apps to be accepted and utilized by the elderly, they must have a good diffusion infrastructure, and the effectiveness of healthcare apps must be maximized through the active introduction of convergence technology and content development that can be easily used by the elderly.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-96
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• 2012

As the pace of competition dramatically accelerates and the complexity of change grows, a variety of research have been conducted to improve firms' short-term performance and to enhance firms' long-term survival. In particular, researchers and practitioners have paid their attention to identify promising technologies that lead competitive advantage to a firm. Discovery of promising technology depends on how a firm evaluates the value of technologies, thus many evaluating methods have been proposed. Experts' opinion based approaches have been widely accepted to predict the value of technologies. Whereas this approach provides in-depth analysis and ensures validity of analysis results, it is usually cost-and time-ineffective and is limited to qualitative evaluation. Considerable studies attempt to forecast the value of technology by using patent information to overcome the limitation of experts' opinion based approach. Patent based technology evaluation has served as a valuable assessment approach of the technological forecasting because it contains a full and practical description of technology with uniform structure. Furthermore, it provides information that is not divulged in any other sources. Although patent information based approach has contributed to our understanding of prediction of promising technologies, it has some limitations because prediction has been made based on the past patent information, and the interpretations of patent analyses are not consistent. In order to fill this gap, this study proposes a technology forecasting methodology by integrating patent information approach and artificial intelligence method. The methodology consists of three modules : evaluation of technologies promising, implementation of technologies value prediction model, and recommendation of promising technologies. In the first module, technologies promising is evaluated from three different and complementary dimensions; impact, fusion, and diffusion perspectives. The impact of technologies refers to their influence on future technologies development and improvement, and is also clearly associated with their monetary value. The fusion of technologies denotes the extent to which a technology fuses different technologies, and represents the breadth of search underlying the technology. The fusion of technologies can be calculated based on technology or patent, thus this study measures two types of fusion index; fusion index per technology and fusion index per patent. Finally, the diffusion of technologies denotes their degree of applicability across scientific and technological fields. In the same vein, diffusion index per technology and diffusion index per patent are considered respectively. In the second module, technologies value prediction model is implemented using artificial intelligence method. This studies use the values of five indexes (i.e., impact index, fusion index per technology, fusion index per patent, diffusion index per technology and diffusion index per patent) at different time (e.g., t-n, t-n-1, t-n-2, ${\cdots}$) as input variables. The out variables are values of five indexes at time t, which is used for learning. The learning method adopted in this study is backpropagation algorithm. In the third module, this study recommends final promising technologies based on analytic hierarchy process. AHP provides relative importance of each index, leading to final promising index for technology. Applicability of the proposed methodology is tested by using U.S. patents in international patent class G06F (i.e., electronic digital data processing) from 2000 to 2008. The results show that mean absolute error value for prediction produced by the proposed methodology is lower than the value produced by multiple regression analysis in cases of fusion indexes. However, mean absolute error value of the proposed methodology is slightly higher than the value of multiple regression analysis. These unexpected results may be explained, in part, by small number of patents. Since this study only uses patent data in class G06F, number of sample patent data is relatively small, leading to incomplete learning to satisfy complex artificial intelligence structure. In addition, fusion index per technology and impact index are found to be important criteria to predict promising technology. This study attempts to extend the existing knowledge by proposing a new methodology for prediction technology value by integrating patent information analysis and artificial intelligence network. It helps managers who want to technology develop planning and policy maker who want to implement technology policy by providing quantitative prediction methodology. In addition, this study could help other researchers by proving a deeper understanding of the complex technological forecasting field.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

It has been well known that concrete structures exposed to chloride and sulfate attack environments lead to significant deterioration in their durability due to chloride ion and sulfate ion attack. The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the long-term durability against chloride ion and sulfate attack of the alkali activated cementless concrete replacing the cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag. For this purpose, the cementless concrete specimens were made for water-binder ratios of 40%, 45%, and 50%, respectively and then this specimens were cured in the water of $20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and immersed in fresh water, 10% sodium sulfate solution for 28, 91, 182, and 365 days, respectively. To evaluate the long-term durability to chloride ion and sulfate attack for the cementless concrete specimens, the diffusion coefficient for chloride ion and compressive strength ratio, mass change ratio, and length change ratio were measured according to the NT BUILD 492 and JSTM C 7401, respectively. It was observed from the test results that the resistance against chloride ion and sulfate attack of the cemetntless concrete were comparatively largely increased than those of OPC concrete irrespective of water-binder ratio.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-95
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• 2010

The meaning and application of 'lesion corporelle' in the context of a variety of mental or psychic injuries is less clear, while there is very little disagreement about its literal translation. U.S. Court decisions since Floyd allow recovery for a range of claims involving emotional injury under Article 17; in some cases there is no recovery, while in others there is full recovery, depending on the allegations and the nexus between the alleged injury and any related or accompanying physical injury. Courts are in agreement that pure emotional injury is not compensable under the Convention. Most courts agree that emotional injury is not compensable in those cases where it has resulted only in physical manifestations such as weight loss or sleeplessness. At the same time, most courts generally agree that emotional injury is compensable if it proximately flows from a physical injury. The issue as to whether the courts would associate PTSD with bodily injury as envisioned in the present Warsaw structure or even the new regime reflected in the Convention proposed by ICAO would largely depend on the extent to which courts would be ready to embrace the compelling scientific findings with regard to mental distress and its application within the term 'bodily injury'. Taken together, these points when the current under Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention, 'physical injury' notion of 'mental injury' is to be extended. Of course, the current terms of the Warsaw Convention have been maintaining a precedent for many countries appear to have a statue of the original purpose of the treaty does not contribute to the diffusion. Therefore, in future treaties 'bodily injury', the term 'injury', the term 'personal injury' or 'health undermined' the term should be replaced or revised.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

The present study on nitrogen-diluted non-premixed counterflow flames with finite burner diameters experimentally investigates the important role of the outer edge flame in flame extinction. Flame stability diagrams mapping the flame extinction response of nitrogen-diluted non-premixed counterflow flames to varying global strain rates in terms of the burner diameter, burner gap, and velocity ratio are explored. There exists a critical nitrogen mole fraction beyond which the flame cannot be sustained, and also the curves of the critical nitrogen mole fraction versus the global strain rate have C-shapes in terms of burner diameter, burner gap, and velocity ratio. In flames with sufficiently high strain rates, the curves of the critical nitrogen mole fractions versus global strain rate collapse into one curve, and the flames can have the 1-D flame response of typical diffusion flames. Three flame extinction modes are identified: flame extinctions through the shrinkage of the outer edge flame with and without an oscillation of the outer edge flame prior to the extinction and flame extinction through a flame hole at the flame center. The measured flame surface temperature and a numerical evaluation of the fractional contribution of each term in the energy equation show that the radial conductive heat loss at the flame edge destabilizes the outer edge flame, and the conductive and convection heat addition to the outer edge from the trailing diffusion flame stabilizes the outer edge flame. The radial conductive heat loss at the flame edge is the dominant extinction mechanism acting through the shrinkage of the outer edge flame.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Fly ash(FA) which is a byproduct in the coal combustion in thermal power plant contributes to pore structure densification due to pozzolanic reaction, and this leads to long-term strength development and excellent resistance to chloride penetration. In the work, compressive strength and chloride resistance in OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) and FA-based concrete are evaluated, and the relationships are investigated considering ages. For the work, 3 different W/B (Water to Binder) ratios of 37%, 42%, and 47% are prepared, and 3 substitution ratio of fly ash(0%, 30%, and 50%) are considered as well. At the age of 28 days and 180 days, test results of compressive strength, diffusion coefficients based on Tang's method, and passed charges referred to ASTM C 1202 and KS F 2711 are obtained. With increasing replacement ratio of FA and decreasing W/B, the resistances to chlorides(diffusion coefficient and passed charge) are improved, and the results at the age of 180 days decrease to only 15% level at the age of 28 days due to pozzolanic reaction in FA 50 mixture, which shows that resistance to chloride is much dependent on age effect than strength development. After 180 days, more clear linear relationships are observed between strength and resistance to chloride.