• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2016

적절한 농도의 활성산소종(ROS)은 병원체에 대한 세포의 방어, 신호 전달, 세포 성장 및 유전자 발현을 포함한 다양한 정상 세포 기능을 매개한다. 최근의 연구는 ROS와 ROS를 생성하는 NADPH 산화 효소(Nox)가 성인 쥐 뇌의 뇌실 하 영역(SVZ)에 있는 신경 줄기세포의 자가 복제와 신경 세포 분화에 중요하다는 것을 보여 주었다. 본 연구에서 세포 내 ROS가 갓 태어난 쥐의 뇌에서 적출되어 배양된 SVZ 신경 줄기세포에서 검출된 것으로 나타났다. Nox 유사 유전자들 중 Nox4가 배양된 세포에서 주로 발현되었고, Nox1과 Nox2는 거의 발현되지 않았다. 또한, Nox4 유전자는 신경 세포 분화 동안 최대 10배까지 발현이 크게 증가하였다. Immunocytochemistry결과 Nox4 단백질은 신경 세포 특이적인 tubulin인 Tuj1-양성 신경 세포에서 주로 발견되었다. 이와 맥을 같이 하여, 내인성 ROS는 분화 후 축삭돌기를 가지고 있으며 신경 세포로 보이는 세포에서만 검출되었다. 또한, ROS를 제거하는N-acetyl cysteine에 의해 세포 산화 환원 상태가 교란되었을 때, 신경 세포로의 분화가 크게 감소하였다. 마지막으로, shRNA를 이용하 여 Nox4를 knockdown한 세포에서 신경 세포로의 분화가 감소하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 Nox4가 갓 태어난 쥐의 SVZ 신경 줄기 세포의 주요한 ROS 생성 효소이고, Nox4에 의한 ROS생성이 신경 세포 분화에 중요하다는 것을 암시한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2022

It is well-known that some species of lizard have an exceptional ability known as caudal autotomy (voluntary self-amputation of the tail) as an anti-predation mechanism. After amputation occurs, they can regenerate their new tails in a few days. The new tail section is generally shorter than the original one and is composed of cartilage rather than vertebrae bone. In addition, the skin of the regenerated tail distinctly differs from its original appearance. We performed a proteomics analysis for extracts derived from regenerating lizard tail tissues after amputation and found that endoplasmin (ENPL) was the main factor among proteins up-regulated in expression during regeneration. Thus, we performed further experiments to determine whether ENPL could induce chondrogenesis of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs). In this study, we found that chondrogenic differentiation was associated with an increase of ENPL expression by ER stress. We also found that ENPL was involved in chondrogenic differentiation of T-MSCs by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2023

Cultured meat is a potential sustainable food generated by the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs). The self-renewal and differentiation properties of MSCs are of primary interest for cultured meat production. MSC proliferation and differentiation are influenced by a variety of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2 and FGF-21), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and by hormones like insulin, testosterone, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones. In this review, we investigated the roles of growth factors and hormones during cultured meat production because these factors provide signals for MSC growth and structural stability. The aim of this article is to provide the important idea about different growth factors such as FGF (enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation), IGF-1 (increase the number of myoblasts), PDGF (myoblast proliferation), TGF-β1 (muscle repair) and hormones such as insulin (cell survival and growth), testosterone (muscle fiber size), dexamethasone (myoblast proliferation and differentiation), and thyroid hormones (amount and diameter of muscle fibers and determine the usual pattern of fiber distributions) as media components during myogenesis for cultured meat production.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2008

Stem cells have self-renewal capacity, long-term viability, and multiline age potential. Adult bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are progenitors of skeletal tissue components and can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and myoblasts in vitro and undergo differentiation in vivo. However, the clinical use of BMSCs has presented problems, including pain, morbidity, and low cell number upon harvest. Recent studies have identified a putative stem cell population within the adipose tissue. Human adipose tissue contains pluripotent stem cells simillar to bone marrow-derived stem cells that can differentiate toward the osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ATSCs) could be proposed as an alternative source of adult bone marrow stem cells, and could be obtained in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort. Human adipose tissue obtained by liposuction was processed to obtain ATSCs. In this study, we compared the osteogenic differentiation of ATSCs in a specific osteogenic induction medium with that in a non-osteogenic medium. ATSCs were incubated in an osteogenic medium for 28 days to induce osteogenesis respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein 2, bone morphogenic protein 6 was confirmed by RT-PCR. ATSCs incubated in the osteogenic medium were stained positively for von Kossa and alkaline phosphatase staining. Expression of osteocyte specific genes was also detected. Since this cell population can be easily identified through fluorescence microscopy, it may be an ideal source of ATSCs for further experiments on stem cell biology and tissue engineering. The present results show that ADSCs have an ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. In the present study, we extend this approach to characterize adipose tissue-derived stem cells.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2022

본 연구는 베이비부머 세대의 어머니(1955-1963년생)를 둔 에코부머 기혼 여성(1979-1992년생) 382명을 대상으로 사회인구학적 배경변인, 부모-자녀 분화, 결혼안정성, 심리적 복지감 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 친정 어머니와의 월 평균 접촉 빈도가 많을수록 어머니와의 친밀감(연결성)이 높았다. 결혼지속년수가 높을수록 결혼안정성은 낮았고, 교육수준이 높고, 월평균 가구 소득이 높을수록 자기수용성이 높았다. 또한 맞벌이 가정의 여성이 외벌이 가정의 여성에 비해, 친정 어머니로부터 자녀 양육 도움을 받는 기혼 여성이 도움을 받지 않는 여성에 비해 타인과 신뢰할만한 관계를 형성하거나 만족감을 나타내지 못했다. 어머니와 잘 연결되어 있거나 친밀감이 높은 사람은 결혼안정성이 높았고, 결혼안정성이 높은 사람은 심리적 복지감이 높았다. 부모-자녀 분화 수준이 높은 기혼 여성은 자기수용성이 높을 뿐만 아니라, 타인과의 관계 또한 긍정적인 경향이 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.801-809
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• 1998

This study was carried out the group communication program which I had composed of using the Satir's communication family theory and skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the dysfunctional communication self-esteem and depression, executed this program for the mothers group with caring the mental disorders. and then for the test of some hypotheses it was devided two groups ; the experimental group(n=20) and control group(n=25). In the control group they were learned two session family education program in the psychiatric clinics of Pusan National University Hospital and in the experimental group they had experienced during the 10 session by the group communication program. In the methods of the statistics on this datas, it was to statistics X²test for the comparison between the experimental group and control group with general characteristics. The effect of the Group Communication Program was to analyse ANCOVA between pre-post test on the disfunctional communication, self-esteem and depression in the control group and experimental group. The conclusions were derived from the results and test of hypothesis as followings ; 1) The results were tested the differentiation between the experimental and control group, and the pre-post test in the experimental group with dysfunctional communication self-esteem and depression. Some hypothesis were tested and supported as followings : It was supported that the level of dysfunctional communication of the experimental group would be lower than the control group (Hypothesis 1) It was supported that the level of self-esteem of the experimental group would be higher than the control group (Hypothesis 2). It was supported that the level of depression of the experimental group would be lower than the control group (Hypothesis 3). 2) The relation of the dysfunctional communication with the self-esteem was presented negative correlation and with the depression was not correlation. The relation of the self-esteem with the depression was presented significantly negative correlation. The relation of the sacrificuny pattern of dysfuntional communication with the self-esteem was presented negative correlation and with the depression positive correlation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2016

This study is to comprehend indie fashion which pursues the realization of self-identity, values, freedom and a creation that deviates from conventional cultural flow. This study also aims to understand the definition and characteristics of indie fashion in Korean culture. A rigorous study on indie fashion has not yet been done; therefore, this study was conducted through both a literature study and empirical study. The empirical study asked individuals who engage in indie fashion to provide opinions on the definition and characteristics of indie fashion. The results are as follow. First, indie fashion does not impose conformity upon an individual nor does it pursue differentiation. Second, indie fashion based on self-identity is characterized by an individual's consistent and unchanging style. Third, images (or styles of indie fashion) cannot be uniformly defined as styles different from one individual to another. Fourth, indie fashion can be defined as when an individual perceives themselves as pursuing indie spirit and its attitude. Next was an empirical study that showed in what position indie fashion is and who the fashion leader is in indie fashion. People who enjoy indie fashion said that (regarding indie fashion) it exists independent from the flow of trends as it regards personal values and identity as important.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in establishing self-tolerance through their ability to present self-antigens to developing T cells in the thymus. DCs are predominantly localized in the medullary region of thymus and present a broad range of self-antigens, which include tissue-restricted antigens expressed and transferred from medullary thymic epithelial cells, circulating antigens directly captured by thymic DCs through coticomedullary junction blood vessels, and peripheral tissue antigens captured and transported by peripheral tissue DCs homing to the thymus. When antigen-presenting DCs make a high affinity interaction with antigen-specific thymocytes, this interaction drives the interacting thymocytes to death, a process often referred to as negative selection, which fundamentally blocks the self-reactive thymocytes from differentiating into mature T cells. Alternatively, the interacting thymocytes differentiate into the regulatory T (Treg) cells, a distinct T cell subset with potent immune suppressive activities. The specific mechanisms by which thymic DCs differentiate Treg cells have been proposed by several laboratories. Here, we review the literatures that elucidate the contribution of thymic DCs to negative selection and Treg cell differentiation, and discusses its potential mechanisms and future directions.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.127-128
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• 2015

Tumor metastasis involves circulating and tumor-initiating capacities of metastatic cancer cells. Hepatic TM4SF5 promotes EMT for malignant growth and migration. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers remain unexplored for metastatic potential throughout metastasis. Here, novel TM4SF5/CD44 interaction-mediated self-renewal and circulating tumor cell (CTC) capacities were mechanistically explored. TM4SF5-dependent sphere growth was correlated with $CD133^+$, $CD24^-$, ALDH activity, and a physical association between CD44 and TM4SF5. The TM4SF5/CD44 interaction activated c-Src/STAT3/ Twist1/ B mi1 signaling for spheroid formation, while disturbing the interaction, expression, or activity of any component in this signaling pathway inhibited spheroid formation. In serial xenografts of less than 5,000 cells/injection, TM4SF5-positive tumors exhibited locally-increased CD44 expression, suggesting tumor cell differentiation. TM4SF5-positive cells were identified circulating in blood 4 to 6 weeks after orthotopic liver-injection. Anti-TM4SF reagents blocked their metastasis to distal intestinal organs. Altogether, our results provide evidence that TM4SF5 promotes self-renewal and CTC properties supported by $CD133^+/TM4SF5^+/CD44^+^{(TM4SF5-bound)}/ALDH^+/CD24^-$ markers during HCC metastasis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.590-590
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• 2020