• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1517-1522
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• 2002

The effect of post milking teat dipping on somatic cell count (SCC) of milk was determined in 20 Crossbred cows and 20 Murrah buffaloes selected from institute's herd. The animals were divided into two groups of 10 each. Animals of Group I (control) were teat washed with water before the milking while Group II animals were applied teat dipping solution after the completion of milking. The cows were milked 3 times a day while buffaloes were milked twice a day. The milk samples were collected from control and treated animals on day 0, 5, 10, 15, respectively. The milk samples were analyzed for milk constituents like fat, protein, lactose, chloride, IgG, NEFA, pH and EC and total and differential somatic cell counts. The changes in milk composition and somatic cell counts were significantly different (p<0.01) between the animals and between the breeds. However SCC, chloride content (p<0.05) and epithelial cells (p<0.01) varied during different days of study. The alterations in SCC, epithelial cells, TLC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, IgG, and protein content were significantly different (p<0.01) between control and treated groups. The pH, EC, protein, SCC, epithelial cells, lymphocyte and neutrophil cells of milk declined significantly (p<0.05) after the application of teat dipping, the respective values were 6.5 vs 6.40, 2.28 vs 2.37 mhos, 3.33 vs 4.04%, 1.00 vs $0.87{\times}10^5cells/ml$, 0.39 vs 0$0.34{\times}10^5cells/ml$, 0.36 vs $0.31{\times}1,000cells/ml$ and 0.17 vs $0.14{\times}1,000cells/ml$ in cows. However in buffaloes, epithelial cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, EC and SCC declined (p<0.05) after application of teat dipping, the values being 0.37 vs $0.29{\times}10^5cells/ml$, 0.37 vs $0.25{\times}1,000cells/ml$, 0.14 vs $0.11{\times}1,000cells/ml$, 2.56 vs 2.37 mhos and 0.94 vs $0.73{\times}10^5cells/ml$, respectively. The study indicated that post milking teat dipping could be used as an effective method for the lowering of SCC in milk of crossbred cows and buffaloes.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1988

Observations were made on the blood picture of 50 multiparous and 98 infertile cows. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows. 1. Mean values of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets for normal multiparous cows were $6.87{\pm}0.84{\times}10^6/mm^3$, $10.3{\pm}1.3g/100ml$, $31.4{\pm}3.7ml/100ml$, $46.1{\pm}6.9{\mu}^3$, $15.3{\pm}2.6pg$, $34{\pm}2.7%$, and $372.7{\pm}304.7{\times}10^3/mm^3$ respectively. 2. Mean values of RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets for infertile cows were $7.00{\pm}0.98{\times}10^6/mm^3$, $10.6{\pm}1.2g/100ml$, $32.1{\pm}3.6ml/100ml$, $45.8{\pm}6.7{\mu}^3$, $15.3{\pm}1.8pg$, $33.9{\pm}3.3%$, and $382.7{\pm}157.5{\times}10^3/mm^3$, respectively. 3. Mean values of WBC count for normal multiparous and infertile cows were $7.92{\pm}1.72$ and $9.04{\pm}2.87{\times}10^3/mm^3$ respectively. 4. In the differential leukocytes count, mean values of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils for normal multiparous cows were $29.7{\pm}7.9%$, $56.8{\pm}7.6%$, $2.9{\pm}1.9%$, $9.9{\pm}5.3%$ and $0.3{\pm}0.7%$, respectively, and mean values of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils for infertile cows were $31.9{\pm}7.8%$, $57.5{\pm}7.9%$, $2.6{\pm}1.9%$, $7.5{\pm}4.8%$, and $0.4{\pm}0.2%$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1319-1324
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness of different indicators of mammary inflammation in buffalo and to evaluate the association of the indicators with buffalo milk yield, composition, and rennet coagulation properties. This study was carried out at four buffalo farms in central Italy using a total of 50 lactating buffalo. Milk from each buffalo was tested at the beginning, middle, and end of lactation. To evaluate the relationship between mastitis markers and milk components, three classes were defined for each of the following markers: total somatic cell count (TSCC), differential somatic cell count (DSCC), and bacteriological results The regression coefficient for the reference method and the alternative method of determining TSCC was 0.81, indicating that the method routinely used to analyze buffalo milk consistently underestimated actual TSCC. The milk samples positive for udder-specific bacteria also had higher TSCC values than the samples that were negative for bacteria ($872{\times}10^3$/ml vs. $191{\times}10^3$/ml). In samples that were positive for udder-specific bacteria, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) made up greater than 50% of the cells. Moreover, only 1% of the samples in the lowest TSCC class were positive for bacteria. The correlation between TSCC and PMN was stronger (0.70), and PMN values in buffalo milk increased significantly when the TSCC class changed from low (38%) to medium and high (56% and 64%). Milk yield was negatively related to TSCC. Significant changes in lactose (4.87%, 4.80% and 4.64%) and chloride content (0.650 mg/ml, 0.862 mg/ml and 0.882 mg/ml) were also observed with increasing TSCC values. Higher TSCC was associated with impaired rennet coagulation properties: the clotting time increased, while the curd firming time ($p{\leq}0.05$) and firmness decreased. We concluded that in buffalo as in dairy cows, TSCC is a valid indicator of udder inflammation; we also confirmed that a value of $ 200{\times}10^3 cells/ml should be used as the threshold value for early identification of an animal affected by subclinical mastitis. In addition to its association with significantly decreased milk yield, a TSCC value above this threshold value was associated with changes in milk composition and coagulating properties.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2002

Objective: This study was to compare the characteristics between parthenogenetic mES (P-mES) cells and in vitro fertilization mES cells. Materials and Methods: Mouse oocytes were recovered from superovulated 4 wks hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) female mice. For parthenogenetic activation, oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and $5{\mu}g$/ml cytochalasin-B for 4 h. For IVF, oocytes were inseminated with epididymal sperm of hybrid F1 male mice ($1{times}10^6/ml$). IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in M16 medium for 4 days. Cell number count of blastocysts in those two groups was taken by differential labelling using propidium iodide (red) and bisbenzimide (blue). To establish ES cells, b1astocysts in IVF and parthenogenetic groups were treated by immunosurgery and recovered inner cell mass (ICM) cells were cultured in LIF added ES culture medium. To identify ES cells, the surface markers alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, 3,4 and Oct4 staining were examined in rep1ated ICM colonies. Chromosome numbers in P-mES and mES were checked. Also, in vitro differentiation potential of P-mES and mES was examined. Results: Although the cleavage rate (${\geq}$2-cell) was not different between IVF (76.3%) and parthenogenetic group (67.0%), in vitro development rate was significantly low in parthenogenetic group (24.0%) than IVF group (68.4%) (p<0.05). Cell number count of ICM and total cell in parthenogenetic b1astocysts ($9.6{\pm}3.1,\;35.1{\pm}5.2$) were signficantly lower than those of IVF blastocysts ($19.5{\pm}4.7,\;63.2{\pm}13.0$) (p<0.05). Through the serial treatment procedure such as immunosurgery, plating of ICM and colony formation, two ICM colonies in IVF group (mES, 10.0%) and three ICM colonies (P-mES, 42.9%) in parthenogenetic group were able to culture for extended duration (25 and 20 passages, respectively). Using surface markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-l and Oct4 in P-mES and mES colony were positively stained. The number of chromosome was normal in ES colony from two groups. Also, in vitro neural and cardiac cell differentiation derived from mES or P-mES cells was confirmed. Conclusion: This study suggested that P-mES cells can be successfully established and that those cell lines have similar characteristics to mES cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.513-521
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• 1995

연구배경: 세포의 증식능력을 반영한다고 알려진 NORs를 간편한 은염색으로 발현시켜서 AgNORs 수가 정상조직과 종양조직의 비교감별과 종양의 증식능력판단에 유용한지를 알기위하여 파라핀 포매된 편평세포폐암 조직을 이용하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 수술로써 절제한 파라핀 포매된 편평세포폐암 조직 36예를 Mourad 등의 방법으로 은염색하였다. 1,000 배 배율하에서 종양조직과 정상조직에서 임의로 100 개씩 세포를 선정해서 핵당 평균 AgNORs수를 구하였다. 결과: 종양조직에서 TNM병기에 따른 핵당 평균 AgNORs수는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 정상조직과 종양조직을 비교허여 정상조직에서는 $1.74{\pm}0.25$, 종양 조직에서는 $4.05{\pm}0.80$으로 종양조직의 핵당 평균 AgNORs수가 정상조직에 비해서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 결론: TNM분류에 따른 각 병기별 종양조직과 인접 정상조직의 핵당 평균 AgNORs수를 비교하여도 각 병기에서 종양조직의 평균 AgNORs수가 정상조직에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p<0.005).

• 대한안과학회지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2018

목적: 기존 안와 황색육아종이 진단되었던 환자에서 재발된 피부 황색육아종을 통하여 면역글로불린G4관련안질환이 동반 진단된 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 증례요약: 양안의 눈꺼풀 부종을 주소로 38세 남성이 내원하였다. 전안부 및 후극부에서 특이 소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 조직검사상 포말조직구 및 토우튼 거대세포가 관찰되며 S100 및 CD1 염색에 음성 소견을 보여 성인황색육아종 진단하 경구 아자씨오프린과 프레드리솔론 치료를 받았다. 4년 뒤 양안의 노란색 눈꺼풀 종괴를 주소로 재내원하였다. 자기공명영상에서 양안 안와 상외측의 대칭적인 연부조직 부종이 관찰되었고, 혈액검사상 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 및 IgG4 수치가 상승되었다. 조직검사 후 면역화학염색에서 IgG4+/IgG+ 10-20%, IgG4+ 22/고배율시야가 확인되었으며 과거 조직을 재염색하여 IgG4+/IgG+ 40-50%, IgG4+ 59/고배율시야를 확인하여 전형적인 면역글로불린G4관련안질환으로 새롭게 진단하였다. 결론: 비특이적인 눈꺼풀 부종환자에서 면역글로불린G4관련안질환을 고려해야 하며, 기존 황색육아종 환자에서도 면역글로불린G4관련안질환이 동반될 수 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

광주지역의 한 종합병원 수검자를 대상으로 백혈구 수와 대사증후군과의 관련 요인을 분석하고자 단면 연구를 시행한 결과 대사증후군의 유병률은 남성이 25.2%, 여성은 13.3%로 나타났으며, 연령별 유병률은 남성은 40대에서, 여성은 60세 이상에서 가장 높은 유병률을 보였고 남녀 모두 백혈구수가 증가 할수록 대사증후군의 유병률이 높게 나타났다. 대사증후군과 백혈구수와의 로지스틱 회귀분석의 결과에서는 남, 여 모두 백혈구 수가 증가 할수록 대사증후군의 위험도가 증가하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 비록 정상범위 일지라도 증가된 백혈구 수는 대사증후군과 연관성이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 대사증후군 기준을 충족시키는 항목수가 많을수록 백혈구 수는 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 백혈구 수를 네 개의 군으로 나누었을 때 백혈구 구분수가 증가할수록 대사증후군의 유병률도 증가하고 있었다. 백혈구수와 백혈구 감별계산이 대사증후군을 예측하는 인자로 가치가 있는지는 광범위한 대단위 연구와 시간적 순서에 의해 인과관계를 규명하는 코호트연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on WBC counts and each differential of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes in whole blood sample of each experimental Aqua-acupuncture treated mice groups PCortex Ulmi Pumilae(CU), Ramulus Cinnamomum(RC), Radix Achyranthes(RA), Apitoxin(BV), Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus compound(BUM). Materials & Method : All the BALB/c mice used in this study were bred and maintained in our pathogen-free mouse facility and were 6 weeks of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental model of arthritis was induced by injecting 300${\mu}g$/kg LPS to all mice knee joint. The each of Aqua-acupuncture(Cortex Ulmi Pumilae, Ramulus Cinnamomum, Radix Achyranthes, Apitoxin, Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus compound) was injected into GB34(陽陵泉) of mice groups every other day for 6 times. And the WBC counts and each differential of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were measured at the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after LPS injection. Results : 1. The WBC counts were significantly decreased compared with the control(CON) group in every Aqua-acupuncture groups at all days. And at the 14th day, BV & BUM groups were more significantly decreased than RA group. 2. The Neutrophil's ratio was significantty increased compared with the CON group in CU & RC groups at the 3rd day and RC group was more significant than CU group. But at the 7th and 14th day, every Aqua-acupuncture groups were significantly increased compared with the CON group and at the 7th day, RC group was more significant than RA, BV & BUM groups and at the 14th day, RC, BV & BUM groups were more significant than RA group. 3. The Lymphocyte's ratio was significantly decreased compared with the CON group in RC group at the 3rd day. At the 7th day, CU, RC & BV groups were significantly decreased compared with the CON group. At the 14th day, every Aqua-acupuncture groups were significantly decreased compared with the CON group and RC group was more significant than RA group, 4. The Monocyte's ratio was significantly decreased compared with the CON group in every Aqua-acupuncture groups at the 7th day. At the 14th day, BV & BUM groups were significantly decreased compared with the CON group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it was concluded that CU & RC groups were more effective at the early period of this experiment, and at the latter period, BV & BUM groups were more effective than others. RA group was less effctive than others.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2008

The present study was designed to clarify whether scuba diving at 5 meters of seawater influences cerebral hemodynamics, hematological and biochemical variables. Twenty healthy young men well trained scuba diving participated in this study. The blood flow velocity in the right and left middle cerebral arteries (L-MCAV and R-MCAV), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), CBC and differential count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), biochemical variables, D-dimer and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were determined before, immediately after scuba diving for 30 min, and after 30 min of rest (Pre-scuba, Scuba and R-30m, respectively). L-MCAV and R-MCAV tended to increase, but the only significant increase was in L-MCAV in Scuba. SBP and HR significantly declined in R-30m compared with those of Pre-scuba and the Scuba. IL-8 levels were elevated in Scuba and R-30m compared with that of Pre-scuba. In Scuba and R-30m, hematological variables except PT and biochemical parameters excluding glucose and lactic acid did not significantly changed in comparison with those of Pre-scuba. PT level at Scuba and glucose level at R-30m significantly declined in Scuba, while lactate level at R-30m increased compared with each in Pre-scuba. However, PT level at Scuba was within a normal range. These results suggest that scuba diving at 5 m of seawater for 30 min has no adverse effects, is safe and useful for improving health. However, further study must be performed to clarify the mechanism of elevated IL-8 level following scuba diving.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of red ginseng (RG) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced side effects focusing on myelosuppression. Methods: Rats (n = 50) were divided into five groups, nave, control (ip, 5-FU injection of 150 mg/kg), and RG pre-treatment (po, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 5 days before 5-FU injection). On the $7^{th}$ day after 5-FU injection, we evaluated the effects using peripheral hematological parameters, colony-forming assay, cytokine levels and histopathological finding. Results: The peripheral white blood cell and the differential count were dramatically suppressed by 5-FU, while RG (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly improved total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts. Also, RG (100 mg/kg) pre-treatment significantly increased the number of CFU-GM colony compared with the control group. RG pre-treatment also ameliorated the histopathological damage in bone marrow, spleen, stomach and small intestine tissue. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Korean RG has preventive effects against 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal damage.