• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

Schizophyllum commune is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely distributed in the world. The optimal growth conditions for the mycelia of 10 strains of the fungus were investigated. The temperature suitable for the mycelial growth and density was obtained at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. Among the tested conditions, the minimum mycelial growth was found at $15^{\circ}C$. In case of pH, the most favorable growth was found at pH 5. The results indicated that this mushroom well adapted to high temperature and low pH for its mycelial growth. Considering growth phenotype of mycelia, Hamada, Hennerberg, PDA and YM were the most suitable and Lilly, Glucose triptone, Glucose peptone and Hoppkins were the most unfavorable among tested media for the mycelial growth of S. commune. Out of tested carbon sources, dextrin and fructose were the most suitable and lactose, mannose and sorbitol were the unsuitable for the fungus. Compact mycelial density was obtained from most of the carbon sources. Among used nitrogen sources, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and alanine were the most appropriate and the most incompatible were ammonium phosphate, histidine, urea and arginine for mycelial growth of S. commune on the culture media. Calcium nitrate, histidine and potassium nitrate showed moderately thin or thin, and rest of nitrogen sources showed compact or moderately compact mycelial density.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.727-735
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• 2015

This paper deals with the problem of blind source separation (BSS), where observed signals are a mixture of delayed sources. In reference to a previous work, when the delay time is small such that the first-order Taylor approximation holds, delayed observations are transformed into an instantaneous mixture of original sources and their derivatives, for which an extended second-order blind identification (SOBI) approach is used to recover sources. Inspired by the results of this previous work, we propose to generalize its first-order Taylor approximation to suit higher-order approximations in the case of a large delay time based on a similar version of its extended SOBI. Compared to SOBI and its extended version for a first-order Taylor approximation, our method is more efficient in terms of separation quality when the delay time is large. Simulation results verify the performance of our approach under different time delays and signal-to-noise ratio conditions, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 2003

To enhance the production of heavy chain immunoglobulin G (HC IgG) in the suspension cultures of transgenic tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum), the effects of adding various cytokinins (i.e., growth regulators) and organic nitrogen sources to culture media were investigated. Four different cytokinins including kinetin, isopentenyladenine (IPA), 6-benzylaminepurine (BA), and zeatin were tested with or without dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which is a typical growth regulator supplemented in the standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The productivity of intracellular HC IgG was increased by 36 and $42\%$, compared to the control, especially when IPA (2 mg/l) or BA (0.2 mg/l) was added to the media in the presence of 2,4-D, respectively. In the study of organic nitrogen sources, addition of each casein hydrolysate and tryptone to the culture media at a final concentration of 0.01 and 1 g/l, respectively. increased the productivity or he IgG as much as 68 and $67\%$, respectively, in comparison with the control, which was is MS medium without supplementation of any organic nitrogen sources. This study shows that the optimization of media composition could offer significant improvements in the production of foreign proteins in the suspension cultures of transgenic plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.435-435
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• 2010

A inclined slot-excited plasma source is newly designed and constructed for higher flux HNB(Hyperthermal Neutral Beam) generation. The present source is different from the vertical SLAN(SLot ANtenna) sources [1] in two aspects. One is that the slots are inclined, and the other is that the magnetic field is configured to a cusp type. These modifications are intended to make the source plasma operated in sub-milli-torr pressure regime and as thin as possible, both of which is to get higher HNB flux by decreasing the re-ionization rate of the reflected atoms from the neutralizer [2]. The plasma is generated in a quartz tube of internal diameter 170 mm enclosed in a aluminum application chamber of larger diameter 250 mm. The microwave power is fed to the plasma chamber by 8 inclined slots cut into the application chamber wall. The slots are coupled the chamber to a WR280 waveguide wound around it to form a ring resonator. In order to make two slots $\lambda_g/2$ apart in phase, the adjacent slots are rotated in opposite directions. The rotation angle of the slots are set to $60^{\circ}$ from the chamber axis. Between the quartz chamber and the aluminum cylindrical chamber 8 NdFeB magnets are equally spaced and fixed to form the cusp magnetic field confinement and ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) field. In this presentation, the magnetic and electromagnetic simulations, and the measured plasma parameters are given for both the inclined and the vertical slot-excited plasma sources. We also discuss how the sources can be tailored to suit better-performing HNB sources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2019

The effect of various lithium sources such as LiCl, LiOH, and Li-metal on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of granulated $SiO_x$ powders were investigated. Various lithium sources were metallurgically added for a passive pre-lithiation of $SiO_x$ to improve its low initial coulombic efficiency. In spite of using the same amount of Li in various sources, as well as the same process conditions, different lithium silicates were obtained. Moreover, irreversible phases were formed without reduction of $SiO_x$, which might be from additional oxygen incorporation during the process. Accordingly, there were no noticeable electrochemical enhancements. Nevertheless, the $Li_4SiO_4$ phase changes the initial electrochemical reaction, and consequently the relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical properties of metallurgically pre-lithiated $SiO_x$ could provide a guideline for the optimization of the performance of lithium ion batteries.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

In order to find out impact insulation properties, various types of current radiant floor heating systems and light-framed floors that are used in light-framed residential buildings were evaluated for two types of impact sources at the same time. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) was different from each impact sources for those spectrum patterns and peaks. In case of light-framed floor framework, the excitation position and the assumed effective vibrating area have effects on sound pressure level but it is not considerable, and Normalized SPL was reduced for each frequency by increasing the bending rigidity of joist. The mortar layer in the radiant heating system had relatively high density and high impedance, therefore, it distributed much of the impact power when it was excited, and reduced the Normalized SPL considerably. Nevertheless, Increasing a thickness of mortar layer had little influence on SPL. Ceiling components reduced the sound pressure level about 5~25 dB for each frequency. Namely, it had excellent sound insulation properties in a range from 200 to 4,000 Hz frequency for both heavy and lightweight impact sources. Also, there was a somewhat regular sound insulation pattern for each center frequency. The resilient channel reduced the SPL about 2~11 dB, irrelevant to impact source. Consequently, current radiant floor heating systems which were established in light-framed residential buildings have quite good impact sound insulation properties for both impact sources.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1568-1577
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• 2023

Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of banana meal and rice bran from Australia or South-East Asia and test the hypothesis that there are no differences in rice bran produced in different countries, but there are differences between full-fat and defatted rice bran. Methods: Two sources of banana meal and 22 sources of rice bran (full-fat or defatted) from Australia or South-East Asia were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Banana meal was also analyzed for sugars including glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, stachyose, and raffinose. Results: Chemical analysis demonstrated that banana meal from the Philippines is primarily composed of starch. Full-fat rice bran from Australia had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of AEE, lysine, and glycine than samples from the Philippines and Vietnam. Full-fat rice bran from Australia and Thailand had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of gross energy and most AA than rice bran from Vietnam. Full-fat rice bran from Australia had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan and manganese than all other sources, but full-fat rice bran from the Philippines contained less (p<0.05) zinc than all other sources of rice bran. Gross energy, AEE, and copper were greater (p<0.05) in full-fat rice bran compared with defatted rice bran, but defatted rice bran contained more (p<0.05) crude protein, ash, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber, AA, and some minerals than full-fat rice bran. Conclusion: Banana meal is a high-energy source that can be used as an alternative ingredient in livestock diets. Full-fat rice bran from Australia and Thailand contained more concentrations of AEE and AA than samples from the Philippines or Vietnam. Full-fat rice bran had more gross energy and AEE than defatted rice bran, whereas defatted rice bran contained more crude protein, ash, and total dietary fiber.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources and meal frequency on growing performance and lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley strain male rats. The experiment was conducted in 4$\times$2 factorial arrangement with 4 sources of dietary lipid(palm oil, beef tallow, soybean oil and hydrogenated soyben oil) and 2 meal frequencies(ad-libitum or meal feeding). During the 4-week feeding period the rats were fed either ad-libitum (AL) or a single daily 3-hour meal (09 : 02-12 : 00) during the dark period. In vitro cultures were carried out to study the cholesterol synthetic activity in hte liver prepared from rats used in feeding trials. And in vitro cultures were also carried out to study the lipogenic and lipolytic activity in the liver and adipose tissues prepared from rats used in feeding trials. Present data indicated that body weight gain, feed intake and FER of AS(ad-libitum+soybean oil)and AHS(ad-libitum+hydrogenated soybean oil) group were significantly(p<0.05) higher than those of the other groups. It was found that the feed intake of MF group was much less than that of AL group. Total body weight gained by MF group was only 60% of AL group. Growing performance was not affected by dietary lipid sources. The cholesterol synthetic activity in liver tissues culture was markedly(p<0.05) increased in MF diets, especially in soybean oil group. The lipogenic activity in liver tissues culture of MP(meal feeding+palm oil) and MHS(meal feeding+hydrogenated soybean oil)group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of AP(ad-libitum+palm oil) group and AHS(ad-libitum+hydrogenated soybean oil) group(p<0.05). Rats fed ad-libitum+beef tallow and fed meal feeding+beef tallow showed significantly(p<0.05) higher lipogenesis than the other groups. It was apparent that the lipogenic activity in liver tissues culture was not affected by dietary lipid sources and meal frequency. Lipolytic activity in liver tissue culture was significantly(p<0.001)different with meal frequency; MF group was higher than AL group, but was not greatly affected by dietary lipid sources. In the in vitro studies with adipose tissue, MF diets increased the lipogenic activity and inhibited the lipolytic activity in adipocytes. The lipogenic activity in adipocytes was significantly (p<0.001) different with dietary lipid sources and found to be beef tallow group was the higherst, but the sources of lipid in the diet did not exert any effect on the lipolytic acitivity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1992

The possible effect of human follicular fluid(hFF) on the growth and development of fertilized oocytes and embryos is important because the fallopian tubes are exposed to FF after follicular rupture and the processes of fertilization and embryo cleavage occur inside the fallopian tubes. Previously, it was suggested that human FF might adversely affect on the development of early mouse embryos. In order to investigate the effect of hFF on the development of embryos, early mouse embryos were cultured in media containing various protein sources as bovine serum albumin(BSA), fetal cord serum(FCS) and FF. And we evaluated the development of early mouse embryos in terms of the morphology, cleavage rate, and cell count of blastcysts. There were no significant differences in the morula and blstocyst formation rates of 2-cell mouse embryos cultured in the media containg three different protein sources and three different concentrations of FF. The blastocyst formation rate of 1-cell mouse embryo cultured in FF group was significantly higher than that cultured in BSA group(P<0.05). The morula and blastocyst formation rates of 2-cell mouse embryos of the group cultured in the media containing FF were comparable with those of other two groups, in addition, the cell count of blastocysts of FF group in the 2-cell embryo culture was higher than those of BSA group and HCS group(P<0.01), and this finding was also noted in 1-cell embryo culture. There was no difference in the morula and blastocyst formation rates of the 2-cell mouse embryos cultured in the media containing different concentrations of FF. These results suggest that mature human follicular fluid has no inhibitory activity on the development of early mouse embryos even in high concentration and may be a good protein source which is positively associated with the development of mouse embryos in vitro especially in 1 cell embryo culture.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.335-339
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• 2018

The optical characteristics of a terahertz (THz) antenna-coupled bolometer (ACB) detector were evaluated using a pulsed quantum cascade laser (QCL) and radiation blackbody sources. We investigated a method for measuring the responsivity and noise-equivalent power (NEP) of the THz detector using two different types of light sources. When using a QCL source with a frequency of 3 THz, the average responsivity of 24 devices was $1.44{\times}10^3V/W$ and the average NEP of those devices was $3.33{\times}10^{-9}W/{\surd}Hz$. The average responsivity and NEP as measured by blackbody source were $1.79{\times}10^5V/W$ and $6.51{\times}10^{-11}W/{\surd}Hz$, respectively, with the measured values varying depending on the light source. This was because the output power of each light source was different, with the laser source being driven by a pulse type wave and the blackbody source being driven by a continuous wave. The power input to the THz sensor was also different. Futhermore, the responsivity and NEP values measured using band pass filter (BPF) were similar to those measured when using only THz windows. It was found that ACB sensor responds normally in the THz region to both the laser and the blackbody source, and the method was confirmed to effectively evaluate the characteristics of the THz sensor.