• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.434-447
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of influencing factors on the sales volume of apparel products. Based on previous studies, weekend effect, discount rate, and meteorological factors including daily average temperature, rainfall, sea level pressure, and fine dust were selected as independent variables to calculate their effects on sales quantity of apparel products. The daily sales data during 2015 - 2016 were collected from casual brands and outdoor brands which "A" apparel manufacturing company had operated. The actual data of "A" company were analyzed using SAS(R) 9.4 and SAS(R) Enterprise Miner 14.1. The results of this study were as follows: First, the influencing factors on total sales volume of apparel products were proved to be the weekend effect, discount rate, and fine dust. Second, the analysis of influencing factors on sales volume of apparel products according to season showed: 1) In casual brands, the average temperature had a significant influence on the sales volume of spring/summer products, and the sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/winter products significantly. 2) In outdoor brands, the average temperature and the fine dust had a significant influence on the sales volume of all season's products. The sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/ winter products significantly. The weekend effect and the discount effect affected the sales volume of apparel products partly. Third, the effect of rainfall was not proven significant, which was different from the results of past studies.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 1997

Ipriflavone is non-hormonal antiosteoporotic drug which inhibits bone resorption by reducing recruitment and/or differentiation of osteoclasts, and stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast, and also enhances calcitonin secretion in the presence of estrogen. Although some kinds of immediately-released preparation of ipriflavone are available in commercial market, in present study, we tried to formulate sustained-release tablet using coating method with hydrophobic and hydrophilic coating materials. In vitro dissolution test was applied to evaluate sustained-release patterns of several test preparations (Test tablet A, B and C) designed using different preparation method or different compositions. From the results of dissolution test, test tablet A which showed suitable dissolution profile was selected as the candidate of new product. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of test drug, ipriflavone sustained-release tablets, was conducted in 6 beagle dogs weighing $11.5{\pm}0.5\;Kg$ compared with $Theobon^{\circledR}$ tablet, immediately-released tablet (Kukjae Pharm. Co.) as reference drug. Two products were randomly administered to 6 beagle dogs, and after 1 week, cross-over study was conducted. From the present study, AUC and $T_{max}$ of test product were significantly different from those of reference product (p<0.05), respectively$(AUC\;:\;3646.28{\pm}472.56\;vs\;3646.28{\pm}472.56\;ng{\cdot}hr/ml,\;T_{max}\;:\;4.33{\pm}1.03\;vs\;1.42{\pm}0.38\;hr)$. But $C_{max}$ was not significantly different between two products (p>0.05) $(\;512.52{\pm}48.18\;vs\;443.97{\pm}140.53\;ng/ml)$. From the results of pharmacokinetic evaluations, it was noted that absorption amount of test product was increased, but absorption rate was delayed and $C_{max}$ of two products were not changed. And it was concluded that redesign of the sustained-release preparation which has a lower content of iprifavone rather than test tablet A must be considered.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Many studies on broccoli have analyzed the functional components and their functionality in terms of antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, these studies have focused on the florets of different varieties. Investigation of the functionality of broccoli by-products such as leaves, stems, and leaf stems from different cultivars and harvest dates might be valuable for utilizing waste materials as useful food components. Total phenolics and sulforaphane contents, and antioxidant and anticancer activities were measured in the leaves, leaf stems, and stems of early-maturing (Kyoyoshi), middle-maturing (Myeongil 96), and late-maturing broccoli (SK3-085) at different harvest dates. Total phenolics in the leaves of Kyoyoshi were about 1.8-fold to 12.1-fold higher than those in all of the other cultivars and parts. The sulforaphane content of Kyoyoshi was 2.8-fold higher in the stems than in the florets. Antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were highest in Kyoyoshi, followed by Myeongil 96 and SK3-085, most notably in the leaves harvested at the immature stage. Inhibition activity of cell growth against the NCI-H1299 cell lines was highest in the leaves of all cultivars in decreasing order of florets, leaf stems, and stems. The leaves harvested in October (nonflowering stage) had the highest inhibition activity, while those harvested in January (mature broccoli) showed the lowest. The results of this study demonstrate that broccoli leaves and stems contain high levels of total phenolics, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities and can provide opportunities for early-maturing broccoli as functional fresh raw vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.427-437
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the utilization, recognition, and satisfaction of environment-friendly agricultural products (EAPs) in school food services according to the type of foodservice in the Jeonbuk area. Among the 270 school food service providers evaluated, 56.3% of the schools were located in an urban area and 43.7% were in a rural area. About 80% of urban schools used the EAPs for school foodservice, and 89.8% in rural schools (p<.05). The purchase frequency of grain (p<.01), fruits (p<.05), and processed foods (e.g. Tofu) (p<.001) was significantly different between the urban and rural schools. The perception of school dietitians in urban and rural schools between the EAPs and general agricultural products was significantly different (p<.05). The most different fact was 'safety' (p<.001). Most school dietitians has a gut understanding and a lot of confidence about the system of EAPs (p<0.01). The satisfaction score with EAPs was 3.35; in the urban schools it was 3.36 and in the rural schools 3.12 (p<.01). The satisfaction with EAPs in urban and rural schools was significantly different with regard to several factors; these were 'design' (p<.05), 'color' (p<.001), 'fresh' (p<.001), and 'diversity' (p<.01). There are conflicting views between the urban and rural schools for the additional costs brought by using EAPs (p<.01). In conclusion, our central and local governments should change their roles in financially positive ways and reflect the issue to make the policy effective.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 2014

Fermented foods with probiotics having functional properties may provide beneficial effects on health. These effects are varied, depending on the type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Different probiotic LAB might have different functional properties. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of fermented sausages manufactured with functional starter cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum 115 and 167, and Pediococcus damnosus L12) and different fat levels, and to determine the optimum condition for the manufacture of these products. Medium-fat (~15%) fermented sausages reduced the drying time and cholesterol contents, as compared to regular-fat counterparts. In proximate analysis, the contents of moisture and protein of regular-fat products were lower than medium-fat with reduced fat content. The regular-fat products also had a lighter color and less redness, due to reduced fat content. Approximately 35 volatile compounds were identified in functional fermented sausages, and hexanal, trans-caryophyllene, and tetradecanal were the major volatile compounds. Selected mixed starter culture showed the potential possibility of replacing the commercial starter culture (LK30 plus) in flavor profiles. However, medium-fat fermented sausage containing selected mixed starter culture tended to be less acceptable than their high-fat counterparts, due to excess dry ring developed in the surface. These results indicate that the use of combinations of L. plantarum 115 and 167, and P. damnosus L12 as a starter culture, will prove useful for manufacturing the fermented sausage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2012

Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni causes black spot symptom on fruit of plum, resulting in yield loss by reduction of marketable fruit production. To develop an effective control program, some chemicals were sprayed in various scheme during dormant season and growing season after blooming period. Copper-based chemicals were sprayed during dormant season and antibiotic-based chemicals were sprayed during fruit growing season. Sprays of antibiotic-based chemicals in growing season was more effective than copper-based chemicals sprays in dormant season. Three applications of antibiotic-based chemicals in 10 days interval starting 10 days after full blooming controlled disease incidence as much as 93%, whereas applications of copper-based chemicals in dormant season controlled 26-42%. Antibiotic-based chemicals application starting 10 days after full blooming was more effective than starting 20 or 30 days after full blooming.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2008

Gypsum products are used for the preparation of stone casts of oral and maxillofacial structures and as important adjuncts to dental laboratory operations involved in the production of dental prosthesis. Accuracy and dimensional stability over time are properties of concern in fixed prothodontics. Gypsum products used in denstry are a form calcium sulfate hemihydrate and are classified as 1 of 5 types according to International Standard Organization(ISO) 6873. All die materials exhibit some dimensional change during setting, but expansion and contraction during setting and dimensional changes in response to varations in temperature and the water-powder ratio must be minimal. Although numerous investigators have studied the properties of die materials, several products have been introduced recently with manufacturer claims of superior dimensional stalility. The aim of this study was to determine the surface properties using various separating materials of dental gypsum products The results were as follows 1. In the comparison of first and second plaster distances before separation in different separating agent, there was no significant difference except using Trio separating agent. The interface using Trio separating agent forms like to pores. 2. In the comparison of first and second plaster distances after separation in different separating agent, there was significant difference. The interface of plasters using WD-40, Trio and Vaseline was showed some gaps. Each they were measured at average 7.97 $\pm$ 2.07 ${\mu}m$, 63.09 $\pm$ 23.25 ${\mu}m$, 27.59 $\pm$ 4.19 ${\mu}m$. 3. In the comparison of the surface, the surface of control sample(using none seperating agent) showed irregular properties and the surface using Trio and Vaseline become wrinkled. Specially the surface using Vaseline was showed shiny properties. But the surface using MAGIC SEP, Plaster seperating agent, WD-40 showed regular properties.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

This study aims to propose three universal appropriate conditions, 'difference', 'planning', and 'freshness' for convergence products, and research their contents. 'Difference' means that combined functions have to be all different. 'Planning' indicates that combining different functions has to be proceeded in product development processes, so multiple usages human beings make in their daily lives have to be excepted. 'Freshness' explains that the values of combined functions are expanded by convergence. They are the elements to represent convergence products' functional characteristics and developing processes. They widen the range of convergence products by making in a number of various combining ways, and develop a lot of discourses based among social cultural backgrounds, concepts, and products. This study has shown that convergence is a product method that is managed by strict plans, strategies, and chosen functions. Convergence is a product development method with chosen functions, strict plans, and development strategies. Now, this study will lay the foundation for future works on product development strategies based on convergence.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.33-42
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• 2015

Pitches contained in thermomechanical pulp negatively influence paper qaulity and pulp and papermaking process. Without controlling TMP pitches suitably, it is hard to make a certain quality of paper. In order to control pitches in TMP, they must be quantitatively recognized by proper tools. One of the most widely used way to detecting TMP pitches is a staining method using a hydrophobic dye such as Sudan IV. Sudan IV could be used with three different protocols including different application of its dissolution, washing, dyeing time, etc. The dyeing protocols were classified into three categories including Stain I, Stain II, and Stain III. In dyeing time, Stain I required more than 24 hours to dye pitches. On the other hand, Stain III could stain TMP pitches with the most brief way. The images of red-stained pitches could be captured by a stereomicroscope with ${\times}35$ and ${\times}45$ magnifications, and then quantitatively analysed measuring their numbers and areas by Carl Zeiss AxioVision (ver. 4.8.2) program. Among three protocols, both Stain I and Stain III were the most ideal methods to detect TMP pitches because they detected more pitches and bigger pitch areas compared to Stain II against the same specimen. In particular, it was recognized that Stain III could be used as the most useful tool to detect TMP pitches accurately within several minutes.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.387-410
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• 2013

Due to the development of information technology, Convergence and Creative Economy became hot issues. For example, products become more intelligent and services are likely to be connected and integrated around core services or provided as bundle solution. Meanwhile products and services are integrated in the context of mutual supplementation, which leads to Servitization of Products and Productization of Services in many industries. Previous studies have addressed Convergence with different terms and definitions such as Convergent, Multicategory Multifunctional Product, Clouding Service, Bundle and so on from one perspective such as consumers, suppliers or technology according to a wide range of academic approaches. Thus, this study attempted to suggest the most typical convergence products released in the convergence environment and categorize those products. Furthermore, this study has pointed out the problems in the New Product Development Framework discussed in the studies on marketing by taking the situation of the public sector into account and then suggested "New Service Development Framework in the Public Sector" that are different from traditional e-Gov. approach basically and will enable the government to create public information service and provide them to enterprises or citizens. It also emphasized the importance of Business Conceptualization Stage in the framework; argued that there is a necessity of an integrative study from the perspective of technology on the basis of the approach from the perspective of marketing and Policy such as a study of consumer behaviors, design and marketing channel and Policy Integration for the development and dissipation; and furthermore suggested the cases-the development/Diffusion of Transportation Card Service in Seoul and CFC (Call for Collaboration) in Singapore-in order to verify the framework. There is a need to supplement New Service Development Framework so it is able to reflect the distinct characteristics of the public sector from the academic perspective and be used as practical guidelines for SI (System Integration) business to shift into IT Service business. Last but not the least, this study has suggested the limitations and the directions for the future studies.