• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.432-449
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of high-resolution land cover on the simulation of near-surface meteorological fields were evaluated in two different coastal regions using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. These analyses were performed using the middle classification land cover data upgraded by the Korean Ministry of Environment (KME). For the purpose of this study, two coastal areas were selected as follows: (1) the southwestern coastal (SWC) region characterized by complex shoreline and (2) the eastern coastal (EC) region described a high mountain and a simple coastline. The result showed that the application of high-resolution land cover were found to be notably distinguished between the SWC and EC regions. The land cover improvement has contributed to generate the realistic complex coastline and the distribution of small islands in the SWC region and the expansion of urban and built-up land along the sea front in the EC region, respectively. The model study indicated that the improvement of land cover caused a temperature change on wide areas of inland and nearby sea for the SWC region, and narrow areas along the coastal line for the EC region. These temperature variations in the two regions resulted in a decrease and an increase in land-breeze and sea-breeze intensity, respectively (especially the SWC region). Interestingly, the improvement of land cover can contribute large enough to change wind distributions over the sea in coastal areas.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2023

Tuvalu is a small reef islands country in the Pacific Ocean. Its coastal regions are very much dynamic due to the profound effects of tropical cyclones and sea level rise (SLR). However, research works on coastline dynamics of Tuvalu mainly cover its capital, Funafuti. Therefore, this review summarizes the extent of long-term coastal changes in different islets of Funafuti and on overall Tuvalu. In Funafuti, highly accreting areas are Te Afualiku, Fuafatu, Motugie, and Amatuku, and highly eroding areas are Fuagea and Tefala with the fully disappeared islet of Vasafua after 2005. However, in spite of different causes and supposition of scientists on disappearing these lands the accretion is more dominant than erosion which resulted in 7.3% net increase of land areas of Tuvalu over 117 years till 2015. Severe tropical cyclones mainly caused accretion of land areas by forming coral rubble rampart formation and further reworks and erosion to small sandy islands whereas frequent low-energy cyclones mainly caused erosion. Though, till now severe erosion of coastal areas are not evident by global SLR, islets of Funafuti experienced remarkable shoreline increase as formation of 30-40 m wide rubble rampart formation along 19 km in 1971 by tropical cyclone Bebe and net increase of area of 3.45 ha by tropical cyclone Pam in 2015. In spite of such overall accretion of coastal areas several scientists suspect drowning of its areas in future because of high SLR (~5.1±0.7 mm/year) at Funafuti which supposedly will not work as a breakwater anymore. Thus, protection measures should be taken to prevent coastline erosion as well as land reclamation activities should be done following the global examples.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.689-701
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• 2010

The effects of high-resolution wind profiler (HWP) data on the wind distributions were evaluated in two different coastal areas during the study period (23-26 August, 2007), indicating weak-gradient flows. The analysis was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. For the comparison purpose, two coastal regions were selected as: a southwestern coastal (SWC) region characterized by a complex shoreline and a eastern coastal (EC) region surrounding a simple coastline and high mountains. The influence of data assimilation using the HWP data on the wind distributions in the SWC region was moderately higher than that of the EC region. In comparison between the wind speed and direction in the two coastal areas, the application of the HWP data contributed to improvement of the wind direction distribution in the SWC region and the wind strength in the EC region, respectively. This study suggests that the application of the HWP data exerts a large impact on the change in wind distributions over the sea and thus can contribute to the solution to lack of satellite and buoy data with their observational uncertainty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2012

This research attempted to find possibilities of the practical use utilizing geospatial methods for the balanced promotion of sustainable coastal development and preservation through a case study of Jekyll Island, one of Georgia's barrier islands. In response, this research provided ways for practical use in sustainable development and preservation plans. First this research thoroughly investigated the 1996 master plan of Jekyll Island and tried to recalculate developed and undeveloped areas. Second, new estimations for developed areas were investigated through field survey. Third, this research proposed the use of the satellite images with different levels of spatial resolutions and tested different classification schemes to find possibilities for practical use. For these purposes, first, we classified developed and undeveloped features by manual digitization using an aerial photo image with 0.5m spatial resolution. Second, a Landsat 7 ETM+ and a QuickBird satellite images with mid- and high-levels of spatial resolutions were applied to identify developed and undeveloped areas using both the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) and the Coastal Change Analysis Program (CCAP) classification schemes. Also, GEOBIA (Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis) was conducted to accurately identify developed and undeveloped areas.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine distribution and abundance of wintering raptors in Korea during 2000-2007 which is a rare data set for covering large landscape areas. Total 6,643 raptors of 16 species were recorded at 94 different points in west, south and east coasts, and rivers of inland areas all over Korea. During the study period, the most abundant raptors were black vulture (Aegypius monachus, 62.3%), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, 11.0%) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo, 10.0%), and these 3 birds were dominant species in inland areas and also considered as resident species except for black vulture. Also, there was a difference among 5 different habitat types. Black vultures were most found in estuaries whereas common buzzard and common kestrel could be found in coastal areas. Presumably raptors prefer reservoirs and estuaries probably due to lower human disturbance in these areas, and management efforts should be concentrated in inland areas for black vulture and coastal areas for common kestrel and common buzzard.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the selected soil chemical properties of paddy fields in different topographic areas to efficiently manage nutrient valances of the paddy fields in Jeonbuk Province. Three-hundred soil sampling sites in paddy fields were selected from the different topographic areas in Jeonbuk Province. The soil samples were collected every four years from 1999 to 2015. Soil pH and exchangeable K and Mg concentrations declined during the experimental periods. However, almost all the chemical properties were within the proper levels for paddy soil, except exchangeable Mg concentration. Distributed areas of the paddy fields with soil pH below 5.5 continuously increased, but the paddy fields with lower concentrations of soil organic matter and available $P_2O_5$ than the proper levels declined after 2007. In addition, the paddy fields with available $SiO_2$ below the proper concentration decreased from 83.3% of the total paddy fields studied in 1999 to 61.0% of the total fields investigated in 2015. The paddy fields with lower exchangeable K and Mg than the proper levels increased after 2003 whereas the fields with lower exchangeable Ca concentration decreased. Dominant landform of coastal and plain areas was fluvio-marine plains that was distributed in 53.7% and 40.9%, respectively. Local valley and fans was a dominant landform of mountainous and middle-mountainous areas, which was 51.8% and 67.6%, respectively. Dominant soil textures distributed in coastal and plain areas were silty loam and loam. Those in mountainous and middle-mountainous areas were sandy loam and loam, respectively. Soil pH was relatively higher in coastal area and the comparatively higher content of soil organic matter was found in costal area than other areas. The concentrations of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg were generally higher in mountainous, coastal, plain areas, respectively, but available $SiO_2$ and exchangeable K concentrations were not significantly different among the different topographic areas.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.566-574
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• 1984

The oceanic effect on the coastal climate, the air temperature and the humidity, in Korea was studied by using the meteorological and the sea surface temperature data compiled from 1962 to 1981. The fluctuation of sea surface temperature plays an important role in determining the air temperature and the humidity in the coastal area, The sea surface temperature is higher than the air temperature from September to March in the western coastal area, and from September to April in the southern and the eastern coastal areas, It is found that in March the air temperature begins to surpass the sea ourface temperature in the western coastal area, and in April in the southern and the eastern coastal areas. On the basis of the multiple regression analysis it is found that the oceanic effect on the coastal climate, the air temperature and the humidity, in the western coastal area is different that in the southern and the eastern coastal areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

The national parks of South Korea take up an area of 6,726 ㎢, which accounts for 6.7% of the national land. They are national conservation areas with their area made up of 59.1% of land (3,972.6 ㎢) and 40.9% of seawaters (2,753.7 ㎢). And in 2019, the national parks are classified by type into 17 mountainous, 4 maritime or coastal, and 1 historical site. Here, the maritime or coastal nation parks are lately spotlighted as landmarks in maritime tourism. However, the area of the maritime or coastal national parks is continuously dwindling due to conflicts between the residents in the parks and Korea national park service, the continued pressure with respect to the regional tourism development and private investments, and the abolition of parks in relation to allegedly breached private properties. This study identifies the issues with the operation and management of national parks as caused by the abolition of parks and the reduction of areas, and goes from there to do research with the aim of suggesting an institutionalized improvement plan with a view to more useful operation and management of the maritime or coastal national parks. As a result, the natural resources in the sea and on land should be surveyed again to establish the standard for use-specific zoning and reorganize the park areas in adjusting the national park areas. Second, the use-specific districts need to be reviewed for their reorganization that meets the designation requirements by focusing on the characteristics of the different national parks with a view to ensuring reasonable natural conservation in the maritime or coastal national parks. Third, various support facilities for residents such as public path, lodgings, and rentals need to be created to reduce the conflicts between Korea national park service and those who live in the parks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The coastal waters and the adjacent coastal lands strongly influenced by each other and includes islands, transitional and intertidal ares, salt marshes wetlands and beaches. We focus on the coastal zone because of its unique geographical characteristics, Its ecological and economic importance, and the increasing pressures on its integrity. Our coastal zone have been controlled individually about 50 of a different kind of laws, as a result, to reach an individual purpose of the laws, people have developed the coastal zone without considering environmental condition, which brought about ecological destruction, pollution and devastation of the coastal areas. Finally, In 1999, the Coastal Management Act and the Wetlands Conservation Act were established and hereafter the environmental concern has been increased. They will be an important role to preserve our environment of coastal zone. Here I will examine the Laws concerned with environmental management of coastal zone and indicate immanent problems of it. So, I expect that problems will be improved one by one through this paper.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.57-89
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• 2007

The Korean government has put mamy efforts into the protection of ecological values of coastal and marine ecosystems since the mid 1990s, recognizing ecological values and economic contributions of coastal and marine ecosystems. Rapid increase of coastal and marine protected areas in terms of number and size implies the innovative change of national policy regarding ecosystem protection. As of the end of 2006, the total number and size of the protected areas account for 425 and $10,666.8km^2$ respectively. Despite of this achievement, the current policy regime on the protected areas has not been quite successful dealing with in managerial issues. The ambiguity and the lacking objectivity of designation criteria have, been causes of pending issues such as conflict outbreaks, 'paper parks', duplicated designation, etc. This paper aims at improving current designation criteria based on AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The suggestion of the study covers both the new designation criteria and the weighing factor on each criterion considering different ecological and socio-economic characteristics of 'wetland protected area' and 'marine protected area'.