• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2020

This study was conducted to determine the maintenance energy requirements of growing goats in order to establish an appropriate energy benefit system, to reduce feed costs and improve livestock productivity of goat farmers, and to present basic data for detailed specifications afterwards. This experiment was conducted as a group specification test for a total of 3 months, with 32 goats of three months age and conducted by four treatments with different energy levels (T1: NRC+0%, T2: NRC+10%, T3: NRC+20%, and T4: NRC+30%). The average daily gain was the highest in the treated with NRC + 10% of the energy level of the experimental diet, and the feed conversion ratio was in the range of 6.3 g to 7.3 g in the group feeding experiment. Although there was no significant difference in digestibility between treatments, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat was higher in T2 treated with NRC + 10% than the other treatments. Through the regression equation of the values of MEI and ADG obtained through the experiment (Y=0.5439X+111.51, R²=0.712), the maintenance energy requirement of the goat in the growing period was estimated to be 111.51 kcal/kgBW^0.75.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dietary corn levels in Total Mixed Rations (TMR) on growth and meat quality of castrated Korean black goats. For feeding trials, thirty-two castrated Korean black goats with similar age (average of 3 months) and body weight (average of 15.9 kg) were divided into the following four treatment groups: commercial feed (control), TMR containing 15% of corn (T1), TMR containing 25% of corn (T2), and TMR containing 35% of corn (T3) in a randomized complete block design. Final body weight was the highest in T2 (58.9 kg), followed by that in control group (53.1 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and total dry matter intake (TDMI) were also the highest in T2 (100.2 g and 1,346 g, respectively). However, feed conversion ratio (13.4) was the lowest in T2. Carcass weight and dressing percentage in T2 and T3 were higher than those in the control. For meat quality characteristics, crude fat content was the highest in T2 (6.54%). Cooking loss (15.2%) was the lowest in the control. However, the control had the highest flavor value (5.3%). Oleic acid (C18:l) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were the highest in T2 (48.6% and 22.4%, respectively). Stearic acid (C18:0) was the highest in T1 (14.5%). Unsaturated fatty acid was the highest in the control (58.8%), followed by that in T3 (58.2%), T2 (57.8%), and T1 (54.4%). These results indicate that TMR containing 25% of corn could improve the growth performance and meat quality of castrated Korean black goats.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding dried Thymus vulgaris powder (TVP) on the layer performance, egg quality and egg yolk fatty acid composition. Two hundred eighty eight, 35 weeks old Brown nicks were allocated in the cage for five TVP (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) diets with four replicates in each treatment. Each basal diet contained 16.0% CP and 2,800 kcal/kg ME and supplied to layers for 8 weeks. Egg production and egg weight were not statistically different but numerically increased in birds fed 2.0% TVP than other treatments. Egg mass was not consistent depending on the TVP addition levels in diets. Feed intake was significantly lower in TVP addition treatments than the control (p<0.05), however, feed conversion was not significantly differed among control and treatments (p<0.05). Dietary addition of 2.0% TVP showed high values on albumin height, Haugh unit and egg yolk color and they are 7.93, 86.79 and 7.20, respectively (p<0.05). Palmitic and arachidonic acids were remarkably lowered when 2.0% TVP added to basal diets and then fed to birds for 8 weeks, in contrast, significantly higher linolenic acid composition was determined in birds fed 2.0% TVP (p<0.05). As the results, the highest unsaturated fatty composition and UFA/SFA ratio were observed in 2.0% TVP treatment as compared to those of control and other treatments. Therefore, the results indicate that the Thymus vulgaris powder addition to basal diet tended to have positive effects on egg quality and egg yolk fatty acids composition, and the optimum addition of Thymus vulgaris powder may be 2.0%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.777-786
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary Blended essential oil(CRINA$^{\circledR}$) on the performance, nutrient availability, fatty acid composition of leg muscle, small intestinal microflora and blood parameters in broiler chickens. One thousand unsexed day-old broiler chickens were assigned to five treatments : control(T1), 5ppm avilamycin(starter diet) & 5ppm flavomycin(grower diet) T2, 5ppm avilamycin(starter diet) & 50ppm CRINA$^{\circledR}$(grower diet) T3, 50ppm CRINA$^{\circledR}$(starter & grower diet) T4, 50ppm CRINA$^{\circledR}$+ 500ppm lactic acid$^{\circledR}$ (starter & grower diet) T5. Each treatment had four replications of 50 birds each. Growth performance was significantly improved by dietary supplements(T2-T5). There were no significant differences among treatment T2, T3, T4 and T5. Feed intake was not significantly different among treatments. Dietary supplementation of CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T3, T4, T5) resulted in significant(p〈0.05) improvement in feed/gain(F/G) during finishing period (4-5weeks). The birds fed CRINA$^{\circledR}$ supplemented diet(T4) showed significantly(p〈0.05) higher availability of crude fat, methionine and methionine + cystine than those fed antibiotics supplemented diet(T2). Mortality was not significantly affected by treatments. The colony forming unit(CFU) of E.coli in small intestinal content was significantly lower in antibiotics & CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T3) compared to CRINA$^{\circledR}$ treatment(T4)(P〈0.05). CFU of Cl. perfringens was low in CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T4) but not different significantly with other treatments. Serum triglyceride level of birds fed CRINA$^{\circledR}$ + lactic acid diet(T5) was significantly lower(p〈0.05) than those fed antibiotics supplemented diet(T2). Cholesterol level of the birds fed antibiotics(T2) or CRINA$^{\circledR}$ + lactic acid supplemented diet(T5) was significantly higher(p〈0.05) than other treatments. HDL level of birds fed control diet was significantly lower(p〈0.05) than that of others. The levels of serum IgG were not significantly different among treatments. Major fatty acids composition of leg muscle fat was significantly influenced by treatments. Control group showed significantly higher palmitic acid(C$_{16:0}$) and steraric acid(C$_{18:0}$) content than other treatments(p〈0.05). Content of oleic acid(C$_{18:1}$), however, was significantly lower in the control than others treatments. Content of linolenic acid(C$_{18:3}$) was significantly higher in CRINA$^{\circledR}$+ lactic acid(T5) than antibiotics & CRINA$^{\circledR}$(T3) treatments. Total saturated fatty acids content was higher and total unsaturated fatty acids were lower in the leg muscle fat of the control than that of other treatments. It is concluded that CRINA$^{\circledR}$ supplementation improved growth rate and F/G ratio in broilers. The combination of CRINA$^{\circledR}$ with either antibiotics or lactic acid did not show any additive or synergistic effects in broiler chickens .

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 2008

The effects of various levels of dietary dried whole crop of kale (0.1%, 0.3%), dried peel of kale (0.3%), dried whole crop of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.1%, 0.3%), and peel of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.3%) in egg-laying performance were studied with 560 ISA brown layers for a period of 12 weeks. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in egg production, feed intake and egg mass. The quality of egg and eggshell were not different among treatments but egg yolk color was improved in the both of whole crop and peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz). Vitamin and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration of eggs increased in treatments compared to control but were not significantly different from controls. In conclusion, dried peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz) supplementation in laying hens diet improved egg yolk color, and improve vitamin concentration of chicken eggs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding organic acid mixture and yeast culture on the Performance and e99 quality of laying hens fur sixteen weeks. Four hundred and fifty 19-wk-old ISA Brown layers were alloted to five treatments with five replications of each. The supplemental levels of organic acid mixture(OAM) and yeast culture(YC) in the experimental diets were 0(control), OAM 0.1, 0.2%, and YC 0.1, 0.2%, respectively. Corn -Soy basal diet containing 16.0% CP and ME 2,770 kca1/kg ME. Eggs were collected and weighed every day. Eg3 Production, fred intake and fled conversion were recorded in every four weeks. Fatty acid composition of e99 Yolk, e99she11 breaking strength, thickness and Haugh unit were measured a(her every eight weeks. Egg Production and daily egg mass of birds fed 0.2% OAM and 0.1% YC tended to be higher than those of the other treatment groups. Egg weight was the highest in hens fed with 0.2% OAM treatment, but was not significantly different. Feed conversion of hens in all OAM and YC treatments was lower than those of control, but was not statistically different. Eggshell breaking strength of hens on OAM treatments tended to be higher than those of YC treatment and control. Haugh units of the birds fed OAM was significantly higher than controls (P<0.05). 599 yolk color score of OAM treatment was higher than those of YC treatments and control, but the difference was not significant. At 27-wk-old, arachidonnic acid content in eggs from the birds fed 0.1% OAM diet was significantly higher(P<0.05) than controls. The results of this experiment indicated that dietary organic acid mixture and yeast culture tended to improve the egg Production and internal egg quality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hot water soluble extract from green tea on the components of serum and the liver and the antioxidative effects in accordance with the different protein types. For this purpose, four experimental groups were set up. As for the protein source casein, isolated soy protein was supplemented to the rats, together with hot water soluble extract from green tea. Four experimental groups kept eight Sprague-Dawley rats respectively. The CP group was supplemented with casein only, the CG group was supplemented with casein and hot water soluble extract from green tea, the ISP group was supplemented with isolated soy protein only, and the ISG group was supplemented with the isolated soy protein with hot water soluble extract from green tea. After 4 weeks of feeding with experimental diet, the levels of serum and liver lipid and antioxidant enzyme activity and TBARS in the liver were measured. The results are; 1. Weight gain and FER were higher in the casein group than in the isolated soy protein group in general. In the casein group, the weight gain and FER were reduced significantly when hot water soluble extract from green tea was supplemented (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feed intake. 2. In general, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the serum were higher in the casein group than in the isolated soy protein group, however just the concentration of LDL-cholesterol in the casein group was significantly lower when the hot water soluble extract from green tea was supplemented (P < 0.05). 3. Triglycerides in the liver were higher in the casein group than in the isolated soy protein group general, however when hot water soluble extract from green teas was supplemented only in the isolated soy protein group, the content of triglyceride in liver was significantly lower (P < 0.05). 4. There was no significant difference in antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver in all the groups, however the content of TBARS was low only in the casein group when hot water soluble extract from green tea was supplemented (P < 0.05).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 1993

In order to determine the protein requirements of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli six isocaloric diets containing crude protein level from 20\%\;to\;60\%$ were fed to two groups of fish, small and large size, with the initial average body weight of 8 g and 220 g respectively. White fish meal was used as a sole protein source. Daily weight gain, daily protein retention. daily energy retention, feed efficiency, protein retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency were significantly affected by the dietary protein content (p< 0.05). The growth parameters (that is, daily weight gain, daily protein retention and daily energy retention) increased up to $44\%$ protein level with no additional response above this point. The protein requirements were determined from daily weight gain using two different mathematical models. Second order polynomial regression analysis showed that maximum daily weight gain occurred at $56.7\%\;and\;50.6\%$ protein levels for the small size group and the large size group, respectively. However the protein requirements, determined by the broken line model, appeared to be about $40\%$ for both groups. Nutrient utilization also suggested that the protein requirements of both groups were close to $40\%$. When daily protein intake was considered, daily protein requirements per 100g of fish, estimated by the broken line model, were 0.99g and 0.35g for the small and large size groups respectively. Based on these results, a $40\%$ dietary crude protein level could be recommended for the optimum growth and efficient nutrient utilization of the Korean rockfish weighing between 8g and 300g.