• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2008

Objective: To find the related factors and the symptoms of menopause in male workers. Method: This Study is targeted on 369 people(40's; 219, 50's; 150) who are married and being 40 years old or more with working for over ten year. Results: First, the symptom of menopause in proportion to age is, 40's appeared in order of 'Decrease in ability to play sport', and 50's appeared in order of 'Less strong erection'. Second, the symptom of menopause was higher from the difference between general characteristic and work characteristic when people have old age. Third, the symptom of menopause was lower from difference among life habits when people do some exercises regularly, and no overeating. Fourth, the symptom of menopause was much lower from the difference of subjective health state when people feel comfort without any disturbance to their daily life, as they feel much younger than their ages, and feel healthy. Fifth, the variables affected to the symptom of menopause were age, do exercise whether or not, subjective health state when people feel much younger than their ages, and feel healthy. Conclusion: the symptom of menopause is not only for women but also for men. And it is not only for people who are old but we could find some abilities from young ages, too.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

An alternative way of constructing ancestral graphs, which is different from the coalescent-based approach, is proposed using population linkage disequilibrium (LD) data. The main difference from the existing method is the construction of the ancestral graphs based on variants instead of individual sequences. Therefore, the key of the proposed method is to use the order of allele ages in the graphs. Distinct from the previous age-estimation methods, allele ages are estimated from full haplotype information by examining the number of generations from the initial complete LD to the current decayed state for each two variants depending on the direction of LD decay between variants. Using a simple algorithmic procedure, an ancestral graph can be derived from the expected allele ages and current LD decay status. This method is different in many ways from previous methods, and, with further improvement, it might be a good replacement for the current approaches.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

This study divided school age by considering a change in the stage of body growth by age in elementary schoolgirls with the use of body scan data, and considered by comparing body size characteristics by school age. Elementary schoolgirls' body shape cannot be divided clearly. However, ages 7-10 were bound into the same group for the majority of girth, width, and thickness items. 7-8 years old, 9-10 years old, and 11-12 years old were bound into the same group in most items except ages 9 and 10 for the height item. Thus, significant difference was indicated between groups. Accordingly, this study divided the school age into three periods such as early stage(ages 7-8), middle stage(ages 9-10), and late stage(ages 11-12) in consideration of the stages for elementary schoolgirls' body-shape growth. As a result of analyzing body size according to division of school age, the higher school age leads to continuous growth. The notable growth was indicated especially in the middle stage and late stage. Examining centering on typical items related to the clothing construction, there was notable increase in waist thickness and hip thickness between early and middle stages and in height, weight, breast girth, waist circumference, back length, breast width, and waist width between middle and late stages. On the other hand, hip circumference, hip width, breast thickness, and length between shoulder edges were indicated to grow relatively and evenly among early, middle, and late stages. The lateral form was shown a clear difference in the forms of early, middle, and late stages in height and length of the whole body shape and in side thickness. The early and middle stages belong to body shape that abdomen is projected to be curved. The late stage showed right body shape which is straight and stable form in posture.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

This study investigated the determination of speech rates, words per minute (WPM) and syllables per minute (SPM), of $5{\sim}7$ year-old normal children to understand if there are any differences in the rates according to the children's age and sex. All participants were required to conduct story retelling tasks (SRT) and picture description tasks (PDT). In SRT, there was a significant difference between the groups of 5 year-old and 7 year-old children on WPM. However, there was no significant difference between the groups of ages regarding SPM. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups according to sex on WPM and SPM. In PDT, there was no significant difference between the groups according to their ages and sex on WPM and SPM. The current research found that the speech rates of the preschool children might be somewhat different in their utterance abilities according to their age, but there was no obvious difference according to their sex. The findings can advance development of a clinical tool to screen children with fluency disorders and to determine the steps in establishing speech rates of children in the language development period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.58-71
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the increments of body measurements of the teenage boys between the ages of 13 and 18 and provide a fundamental data for apparel manufacturers in order for them to make clothing that reflect the appropriate body characteristics of the teenage boys. The total of 1587 male subjects between the ages of 13 and 18, from the 5th Anthropometric survey of Korea (Size Korea) data, were used for this study. The changes in the body dimensions were analyzed with anthropometric measurements and anthropometric index mesurements. First, anthropometric measurement results show that most of the height related measurements increased in accordance with age, and that the boys between the ages of 13 and 15 experience dramatic growth. Standard deviation is the largest between the age of thirteen and fourteen which indicates that in these ages there is a wide difference in a growth rate Second, anthropometric index measurement results show that in accordance with age, bust, waist and hip depth/width rate decreased; however, waist and hip depth/width rate increased at the age of 18. In accordance with age, upper body length rate increased, whereas lower body length rate decreased. Bust circumference, armhole length, and upperarm circumference rate increased gradually, whereas waist circumference decreased.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.728-733
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• 2011

This study was designed to analyze the results of stress index by heart rate variability test. The subjects were workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. The subjects consisted of 23,767 workers who had answered about questionnaires of a job position, age, smoking, drinking, exercise state and sex. The stress index(SI) and stress resistance(SR) were examined by SA3000P. We analyzed the differences of SI and SR according to job positions, ages, the state of smoking, drinking, exercise and sex by T-test or ANOVA with SPSS ver. 17.0. Regarding the differences of SI among job positions, the SI was highest in sales positions. Among ages, the SI was highest in 30s. In smoking, the SI was lower in non-smoking group. In drinking, there was no significant differences in SI. In exercise, the SI was lower in exercise group. In sex, there was no significant difference. The case of SR, SR was lowest in sales positions. Among ages, the SR was lowest in 40s. In smoking, the SR was lower in smoking group. In drinking, there was no significant differences in SR. In exercise, there was no significant difference. In sex, the SR was lowest in male. According to these results, we should establish the methods of controlling stress from the perspective of Korean traditional medicine.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.723-733
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effects of the difference between actual and perceived body type and body cathexis on satisfaction with fit and 2) to identify the effect of the difference between chronological and ideal age of middle-aged woman on satisfaction with fit of ready-to-wear. For this study, questionnaires were administered to 500 middle-aged woman in Kwangju. Employing 402 respondents, data were analyzed by using $X^2$-test, t-test and Pearson Correlation. The results were as follows; 1) There were significant differences between actual and perceived body types among middle-aged women. Those who were inconsistent with actual and perceived body types had a tendency to perceive themselves to be obeser than actual body. 2) Those who were inconsistent with actual and perceived body types had a lower satisfaction level with apparel fit sites at jacket length, hip width, crotch length and waist width than those who were consistent with actual and perceived body types. 3) Correlation for body cathexis and satisfaction with fit of ready-to-wear was significantly positive. 4) There were significant differences between chronological and ideal ages. 5) Those who were inconsistent with chronological and ideal ages had a lower satisfaction level with apparel fit sites at neckline, shoulder width, bust, sleeve length, sleeve width, Jacket length, waist width, hip width and skirt length than those who were consistent with chronological and ideal ages.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.853-865
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• 2012

This study has analyzed body size of adult women between 20~59 years old in 2010 conducted by Size Korea and the study method is as follow. (1) Distribution ratio of bust circumference per age and distribution ratio of differences of bust drops were analyzed. (2) Analysis of one-way design of experiment was carried out for 20 items of body sizes according to differences of bust drops with regard to age groups of 20 and 40 years old in consideration of tourists who are unspecified target and for the whole ages groups. (3) Comparison analysis of 20 items of body sizes per bust circumference and according to level of differences of bust drops was carried out and (4) t-test of the two groups based on the standard of 12.5 cm of the differences of bust drops was conducted and was analyzed. Tthe differences of bust drops below 10 cm were reduced according to ages. 12.5 cm was the most in the group of ages of 20s and under 7.5 cm was reduced as ages were higher. Body items according to the differences of bust drops per ages had meaningful differences between groups except (acromion height-axilla height), height and shoulder length for the group of ages of 20s and in the whole ages groups, there was meaningful difference between groups in all items except height and shoulder length. Comparisons according to the differences of bust drops per section of 5 cm of bust circumference showed meaningful differences between groups in general in items of BMI, bust point-bust point, neck circumference, bust circumference, underbust circumference, neck point to bust point and weight. As the result of comparing the two groups of the differences of bust drops based on the standard of 12.5 cm, all had meaningful differences except stature and shoulder length.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's conception of liquid conservation according to their ages and tasks in the boiling phenomenon The subjects were thirty 4-year-olds, thirty 6-year-olds, and thirty 8-year-olds recruited from two day-care center, one kindergarten, and one elementary school, in Seoul. Statistical methods used for data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations and repeated measures ANOVA. As the result, there was a significant difference in children's conception of liquid conservation in the boiling of water according to their ages. 8-year-old children showed higher levels of cognition than 4 and 6-year-olds. There was no difference in children's conception of liquid conservation in the boiling of water according to tasks.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-82
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• 1981

The author had collected the full mouth stone model of 277 persons from 20 ages to 60 ages and studied the attrition pattern of posterior teeth paying attention to the teeth cusps on the stone model. All of the attrition patterns were classified by age, sex and analyzed. The results are followings : 1. Attrition patterns of posterior teeth were divided into 64 forms.(expept 3rd molar) 2. There was no significant difference between right & left. 3. Generally early attrition pattern of younger age and late attriction pattern of older age were more prominent in men being compared with sexual difference. 4. Being compared with age group, early attrition pattern showed decreasing tendency and late attrition pattern showed increasing tendency by aging.