• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.477-487
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to assess the thermographic differences of craniomandibular area between normal individual and patients with craniomandibular disorders and to compare the differences between clinical and thermographical assessment. The author had used 50 subjects as materials for this study, which was divided into 2 groups (first group included 15 healthy subjects and second group included 35 patients) with craiomandibular disorders; 17 subjects had normal disc-condyle relationship, 13 subjects had disc displacement with reduction and 5 subjects had disc displacement without reduction. Agema 870 thermovision(D.I.T.I.) was used to take thermographs with $0.1^{\circ}C$ difference of gradual temperature shift. The results were as follows : 1. Of 34 patients with craniofacial pain, 15(44%) subjects showed hyperthermia on the pain site in the thermography, 8(23.5%)exhibited hyperthermia on the site opposed to the pain site, and 11(32.4%) did not show any significant thermal change. One patient without craniofacial pain showed hyperthermia on the site opposed to the site of disc displacement without reductin. 2. Of 35 patients with craniofacial pain or disc displacement, 24(68.6%) subjects showed a significant thermal difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic sides of the face, but 11(31.4%) did not show any difference. 3. Of 17 patients with pain but with normal disc-condyle relationship, 8(47.1 subjects showed hyperthermia on the pain site, 4(23.5%) showed on the site opposed to the pain site, and 5(29.4%) did not show any significant thermal change. 4. Or 13 patients with pain and disc displacement with reduction, 6(46.2%) subjects showed hyperthermia on the pain site, 3(23.1%) showed on the site opposed to the pain site, and 4(30.8%) did not show any significant thermal change. 5. 15 healthy subjects did not show any thermal differences between the both sides of the face.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2011

Tactile acuity was assessed in groups of control, blind, deaf, and blind caused by complication to investigate the effective tactile stimuli on tactile sensory substitution studies when tactile display is applied to persons with sensory loss of vision or hearing. Two-point discrimination and grating resolution were assessed by compass and JVP dome, respectively, in the hand, arm, neck, lumbar, and knee. In two-point discrimination by compass, control group showed the highest sensitivity in fingers among assessed body areas but did not show any significant difference between male and female. Blind group and deaf group compared to control group did not show any significant difference in fingers but showed lower sensitivity in arm and knee. In grating resolution by JVP dome, control group did not show any significant difference among five fingers as well as between male and female. Blind group showed higher sensitivity in five fingers compared to control group, but deaf group did not show any significant difference from control group. Blind caused by complication group showed lower sensitivity in two-point discrimination and grating resolution compared to control group and blind group. These results suggest that the body area and method of tactile stimulation, and difference in tactile acuity depending on underlying disease of sensory loss should be considered when tactile display is applied for sensory substitution.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.387-401
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• 2010

Purpose: The work of Dental technician which is part of national dental health, is more specialized recently. This research provides fundamental data from analyzing student's career consciousness according to needs of a career education. Here is the conclusion of the analysis about student's career consciousness, that is for a right choice of career. Methods: This study did questionnaire to a dental Laboratory Technology student who locate in Taegu. Question response student number was 570 people. Response contents analyzed to 506 people except imperfect questionnaire. Data used windows sas 8.0 program and did descriptive statistical analysis. Results: There is a meaningful difference in what they want to know about an occupation according to ages. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) All ages are similar to their occupational thinking, however they who are under twenties consider working environment. Most motives of an entrance are similar, there is a meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) According to a grade of college, there is a meaningful difference how to obtain informations of a career. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Sophomores and juniors obtain information from seniors or family, however freshmen obtain from the internet because of an accessibility. There is a meaningful difference of a job meaning between men and women. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) Men are working for a means of living. But women give weight to a self-development. The older they grow, the more they know about their aptitude. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. According to ages and where they are from, there is a meaningful difference how much know about their aptitude. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Older Students know more than young students. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their interests. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period and choosing informations. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference where they are from and why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their aptitude. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) Conclusion: Although we know that a career education is very important, however lots of students select a career without their aptitude & interest & character. We need to teach a career education systematically; considering students career consciousness, with a proper career guidance, cultivating career consciousness.

• 한국정책학회보
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.161-198
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• 2014

The various types of improper usages in the process of delivering social services have been increasingly paid to attention in South Korea. This study, relying on empirical data about the various improper behaviors, explore whether the audit activity can reduce the degree of the improper behavior. In order to estimate the impact of the audit, we use the DID(Difference in difference) method, comparing the experimental group with the audit treatment and the control group without it. We control for size(the number of Service personnel and user), types of social service (elderly, disabled, etc.), organizational forms(profit, non-profit), region(metropolitan areas, small-medium cities, rural areas), and the number times of audit (1, 2, and 3 number). Our empirical results show that the audit decreased the ratio of payment violation by about 4.02 percent, the number of violations from providers' improper payment by approximately 5.07 and the number of violations from users' improper payment by approximately 9.59. Further research is required to explore why and how the audit can decrease the improper usage in social service with rigorous theoretical models.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of a commercial mixed extruded pellet(EP) and raw fish moist pellet(MP) diet on diseases prevalence and serological constituents and HSI of korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli grown in two commercial-scale aquaculture farms from June to December in 2009. The growth of MP-fed rockfish was slightly faster than EP-fed rockfish during experimental period, but did not show significant differences. The levels of TCHO, TG, Glucose and TP in the MP-fed rockfish group were higher than those of EP-fed group, whereas there was no significant difference in other biochemical factors of blood between two groups. In addition, bacteria and virus were not detected in both MP- and EP-fed rockfish groups, and the infection rates of gill fluke between two groups did not show clear difference. In conclusion, there was no comparable difference in growth and the health extents of one year rockfish by administration of the commercial mixed extruded pellet(EP) and raw fish moist pellet(MP) diets.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.192-202
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• 1994

The fatty acid composition of a rapeseed oil being on the market was analyzed and the effect on gain of the body weight and lipid levels in serum and liver tissue of male rats of Sprague-Dawely strain fed the diet containing the rapeseed oil were studied. The fatty acid components of marketed rapeseed oil was oleic acid 29.4%, erucic acid 26.52%, linoleic acid 20.39% and linolenic acid 8.68%. The contents of total lipid in serum W3S Significantly higher in RSO20 group than Contr01 group(P< 0.01) . But that in the liver tissue did 001 show significant differences. The contents of triglyceride in serum was control group 84.14mg/dll, RSO15 group 100.33mg 141 and RSO20 group 122.00mg 141 and showed significant difference between each group, but that in the livertissue did not show significant differences. The contents of phospholipid in serum did not show significant differences. But that in the liver tissue showed significant difference between the control group 8.42mg /g and Rs02o group 7.34mg /g(p<0.001). The contents of total-cholesterol and free-cholesterol in serum and liver tissue of the RSO20 group showed the highest levels compared with control group, but there did not show significant differences. The contents of ester-cholesterol in serum showed significant.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.773-784
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• 2001

The study was conducted to test the effectiveness of thermotherapy for high school girls who suffered from disruption in school activities through dysmenorrhea, and to study the extent of its availability in school infirmaries as one of the nursing methods. The test for the study was designed to make a contrast between half of the subjects (20) who did not receive the thermotherapy, and the rest (20) who did during the period from February 15th to April 14th, 2001. Measurements were taken of the subjects who complained of painful menstruation by a set of variables. The variables that were established and complemented by Hur, Mung-heang (1985) consist of 29 items that assess the dysmenorrhea and vitality through the symptoms of primary menstruation visually. Spsswin was used to analyze the data. The Cronbach-${\alpha}$ method was used for statistic confidence, and the test effect of both the subjects and the contrary ones was analyzed by way of T-test. The conclusions are as follow. (1) The hypothesis 1 states that the subjects with themotherapy have a lower degree of dysmenorrhea rather than the contrary ones without it. By the above assessment, there was a quantitative difference between the subjects at 39.40, and the contrary ones at 22.0. After the themotherapy, the degree of dysmenorrhea in the subjects was low indicating that there is a still 5% chance of statistic meaningful difference (t= 2.651. P= .012). As a result, the first hypothesis was accepted. (2) The hypothesis 2 states that the subjects with themotherapy have a different primary menstruation than those without. Data indicate that there was a difference of -5.95 and -4.80. The subjects showed low degrees. Since it was statistically insignificant (t=-1.398, P=.170), the second hypothesis was rejected. (3) The hypothesis 3 states that the subjects with themotherapy have a different vitality. The vitality was measured in three aspects. (1) pulse rate (/min) The hypothesis 3' states that the subjects with themotherapy have the different pulse rate from those without. Data indicate that there was no statistically meaningful difference between the two groups (t=.237, P=. 814). Therefore, the third 1st hypothesis was rejected. (2) Respiration rate The hypothesis 3' states that the subjects with themotherapy have a different respiration rate between pre-thermotherapy and post-thermotherapy. in contrast with the ones without it. The data show that there was no statistically meaningful difference (t=.133. P=.895). A little respiration rate difference was shown between pre-and post-. Likewise. the third 2nd hypothesis was rejected. (3) Blood pressure In the 3rd sub-hypothesis that there would be a difference between experimental and controlled groups was also rejected. because there was no statistically significant difference between the contracting blood pressure and the relaxing blood pressure. In terms of vitality. the pulse rate, respiration rate and blood pressure have no statistical meaning but the first two ones show the decreasing in the rate. In short, though exclusive studies focused on thermo therapy have not been conducted and the comparison can not be made, this study shows not only that the thermotherapy is very effective to dysmenorrhea, but also that it can be available in school infirmaries as one of the nursing methods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated effects of deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercises on pulmonary function and the ability to balance in stroke patients and was conducted to propose an exercise program for improving cardiovascular function. Methods: Study subjects were 20 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke, who were divided into the deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercise group (experimental group), 10, and the control group, 10. Pulmonary function tests measured FVC and FEV1, dynamic balance ability was measured using TUG. Static and dynamic balance ability was measured using BBS. The experimental group performed exercises during a period of 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 40 minutes, whereas the control group did not participate in regular exercise. The difference before and after the exercise was compared using paired t-test, difference in exercise before and after between groups was ANCOVA and level of significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The changes in FVC and FEV1 within the group showed a significant difference only in the experimental group (p<0.001) (p<0.01), between-group difference was statistically significant only in FVC and FEV1 changes in the experimental group (p<0.001). The TUG changes within the group showed a significant difference in the experimental group and control group (p<0.001) (p<0.05), while BBS changes showed a significant difference only in the experimental group. Between-group difference was statistically significant only in TUG and BBS changes in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a more effective significant difference than the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Can exercise involving a deep abdominal muscle strengthening program be applied in patients with stroke with difficulty in control of trunk and decreased breathing ability?

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-136
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to investigate the gender difference of relationship between psycho-social factors ana smoking, drinking in adolescents. Method: The stratified cluster sample consisted of 925 adolescents. Data were collected from May to March 2002. The instruments used in this study were Perceived Stress, DES-D, Social Support and Self-Esteem. Results: The results showed that female had more perceived stress, depressed than male. Male had more social support network, smoke than female. Male who smoked cigarettes were more perceived stress, depressed than those who did not smoke. Female who smoked cigarettes were more social support network, and had less self-esteem than those who did not smoke. Also male who drank alcohol were more perceived stress, depressed than those who did not drank. Female who drank alcohol were perceived stress, depressed, social support network, and had less self-esteem than those who did not drank. Conclusion: It is hoped that much more research on gender difference in adolescents who smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol will be implemented in the future. In addition, it is suggested the application of various interventions to deal with drinking and smoking behavior among female and male adolescents.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the effects of Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy on the recovery of fatigue induced by post-swimming exercise. Methods : The lactic acid, creatine phosphokinase(CPK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and glucose were measured in blood. Results: The result were as follows; 1. The lactic acid levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased at 30 minutes after exercise and statistically showed the significance different from the control group (P<0.005). 2. The CPK activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased after exercise and statistically showed the significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). 3. The LDH activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not show the significant difference compared with the control group. 4. The glucose levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not statistically show the significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusions So it could be concluded that saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy can recover the fatigue of after exercise.