• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2015

The high-order Laplacian-type filter, which is capable of providing isotropic and sharp cut-off filtering on the spherical domain, is essential in processing geophysical data. In this study, a spherical high-order filter was designed by combining the Fourier method with finite difference-method in the longitude and latitude, respectively. The regular grid system was employed in the filter, which has uniform angular spacing including the poles. The singularity at poles was eliminated by incorporating variable transforms and continuity-matching boundary conditions across poles. The high-order filter was assessed using the Rossby-Haurwitz wave, the observed geopotential, and observed wind field. The performance of the filter was found comparable to the filter based on the Galerkin procedure. The filter, employing the finite difference method, can be designed to give any target order of accuracy, which is an important advantage being unavailable in other methods. The computational complexity is represented with 2n-1 diagonal matrices solver with n being the target order of accuracy. Along with the availability of arbitrary target-order, it is also advantageous that the filter can adopt the reduced grid to increase computational efficiency.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.482-486
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• 2009

Scale-invariant feature is an effective method for retrieving and classifying images. In this study, we analyze a scale-invariant planar curve features for developing 2D shapes. Scale-space filtering is used to determine contour structures on different scales. However, it is difficult to track significant points on different scales. In mathematics, curvature is considered to be fundamental feature of a planar curve. However, the curvature of a digitized planar curve depends on a scale. Therefore, automatic scale detection for curvature analysis is required for practical use. We propose a technique for achieving automatic scale detection based on difference of curvature. Once the curvature values are normalized with regard to the scale, we can calculate difference in the curvature values for different scales. Further, an appropriate scale and its position are detected simultaneously, thereby avoiding tracking problem. Appropriate scales and their positions can be detected with high accuracy. An advantage of the proposed method is that the detected significant points do not need to be located in the same contour. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake triggered extremely destructive tsunami waves which propagated over the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean through Drake Passage and Indian Ocean respectively. A total of 10 tide-gauge records collected from the UNESCO/IOC site were analyzed through a band-pass digital filtering device to examine the observed tsunami characteristics. The ray tracing method and finite-difference model with GEBCO 30 arc second bathymetry were also applied to compare the travel times of the Tohoku-originated tsunami, particularly at Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean and King Edward Point in the Atlantic Ocean with observation-based estimates. At both locations the finite-difference model produced the shortest arrival times, while the ray method produced the longest arrival times. Values of the travel time difference however appear to be within tolerable ranges, considering the propagation distance of the tsunami waves. The observed tsunami at Rodrigues, Mauritius in the west of the Madagascar was found to take a clockwise travel path around Australia and New Zealand, while the observed tsunami at King Edward Point in the southern Atlantic Ocean was found to traverse the Pacific Ocean and then passed into the Atlantic Ocean through the Drake Strait. The formation of icebergs captured by satellite images in Sulzberger in the Antarctica also supports the long-range propagation of the Tohoku-originated tsunami.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.183-196
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• 1996

지도의 형태는 전통적으로 항공사진이나 위성사진을 이용한 수작업에 의해 추출되어 왔으나, 최근의 원격탐사 기술의 발달은 지도의 형태추출에 새로운 혁신을 가져다 주었다. 공간필터기법을 이용하면 지도형태 추출의 자동화가 가능한데, 특히 선의 추출을 고빈도필터를 이용하여 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 필터와 지도화의 관계에 대해 이론적으로 고찰한 다음 지도의 선형화와 관련하여 유용하다고 알려진 필터들을 소개하였다. 그리고 이 필터들을 진주시의 SPOT Panchromatic 영상에 적용하였다. 적용한 결과 본고에서 소개한 필터적용 영상이 전반적으로 초기영상보다 개선되어 선형화작업에 매우 유용함을 확인하였다. 특히 초기영상이 포함된 필터영상들의 해석이 용이하였고 선형화가 명확하였다. 그러나 문헌에서 유용성이 인정된 필터라도 일부 필터는 진주시의 경우 선형화작업이 전혀 불가능하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.272-275
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 백색광 간섭계(White Light Interferometry, WLI)의 데이터 처리 과정에서 가간섭 영역 외의 배경 잡음성 신호 필터링을 통하여 백색광 주사 간섭계의 성능을 향상시켰다. 광학계의 개구수(Numerical Aperture, NA)가 유한한 백색광 간섭계의 경우, 단차가 크고 표면 굴곡이 심한 시료를 측정하게 되면 유한한 초점심도(Depth Of Focus, DOF)에 의하여 배경 잡음이 발생하며, 반사가 심한 경면의 경우에는 간섭무늬 신호보다 배경 잡음의 영향을 많이 받게 된다. 따라서 배경 잡음을 제거하기 위하여 간섭무늬 신호 자체 형상에 영향을 주지 않으면서 효율적으로 배경 잡음 필터링이 가능한 전후 구간 평균법을 제시하였다. 전후구간 평균법은 원 데이터와 그 이동평균과의 차이를 이용하는 방법으로, 고속으로 대략적인 정점의 위치를 파악한 후 정밀도가 높은 가시도 정점 검출 알고리즘으로 처리하여 측정 속도와 정밀도를 높였다. 전후구간 평균법을 이용하여 배경 잡음을 제거한 경우, 제거하지 않은 경우와 비교하여 잡음 화소가 약 1/4로 감소되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2023

이 연구는 소음이 유발되는 진료 시 노이즈 필터링 기능이 있는 이어플러그를 착용하고 업무를 시행하여 노이즈 필터링 이어플러그가 치과의사의 청력에 미칠 수 있는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 연구 대상자의 청력을 평가하기 위해 순음 청력 검사와 변조이음향방사 검사를 첫 내원 시와 1년 후 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 이어플러그를 착용하지 않은 군에 비해 이어플러그를 착용한 군의 순음 청력 역치 평균값이 유의미하게 감소하여 청력이 호전되는 모습을 보였다. 그러나 변조이음향검사의 신호대잡음비는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 노이즈 필터링 이어플러그가 청력 손실을 예방하는 데 일부 효과적일 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그러나 1년간의 관찰 기간은 청력 변화를 충분히 확인하기에 어려울 수 있으므로, 추적 기간을 늘린 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.187-206
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• 2007

The development of computer and information technology has been combined with the information superhighway internet infrastructure, so information widely spreads not only in special fields but also in the daily lives of people. Information ubiquity influences the traditional way of transaction, and leads a new E-commerce which distinguishes from the existing E-commerce. Not only goods as physical but also service as non-physical come into E-commerce. As the scale of E-Commerce is being enlarged as well. It keeps people from finding information they want. Recommender systems are now becoming the main tools for E-Commerce to mitigate the information overload. Recommender systems can be defined as systems for suggesting some Items(goods or service) considering customers' interests or tastes. They are being used by E-commerce web sites to suggest products to their customers who want to find something for them and to provide them with information to help them decide which to purchase. There are several approaches of recommending goods to customer in recommender system but in this study, the main subject is focused on collaborative filtering technique. This study presents a possibility of pre-evaluation for the prediction performance of customer's preference in collaborative filtering before the process of customer's preference prediction. Pre-evaluation for the prediction performance of each customer having low performance is classified by using the statistical features of ratings rated by each customer is conducted before the prediction process. In this study, MovieLens 100K dataset is used to analyze the accuracy of classification. The classification criteria are set by using the training sets divided 80% from the 100K dataset. In the process of classification, the customers are divided into two groups, classified group and non classified group. To compare the prediction performance of classified group and non classified group, the prediction process runs the 20% test set through the Neighborhood Based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm and Correspondence Mean Algorithm. The prediction errors from those prediction algorithm are allocated to each customer and compared with each user's error. Research hypothesis : Two research hypotheses are formulated in this study to test the accuracy of the classification criterion as follows. Hypothesis 1: The estimation accuracy of groups classified according to the standard deviation of each user's ratings has significant difference. To test the Hypothesis 1, the standard deviation is calculated for each user in training set which is divided 80% from MovieLens 100K dataset. Four groups are classified according to the quartile of the each user's standard deviations. It is compared to test the estimation errors of each group which results from test set are significantly different. Hypothesis 2: The estimation accuracy of groups that are classified according to the distribution of each user's ratings have significant differences. To test the Hypothesis 2, the distributions of each user's ratings are compared with the distribution of ratings of all customers in training set which is divided 80% from MovieLens 100K dataset. It assumes that the customers whose ratings' distribution are different from that of all customers would have low performance, so six types of different distributions are set to be compared. The test groups are classified into fit group or non-fit group according to the each type of different distribution assumed. The degrees in accordance with each type of distribution and each customer's distributions are tested by the test of ${\chi}^2$ goodness-of-fit and classified two groups for testing the difference of the mean of errors. Also, the degree of goodness-of-fit with the distribution of each user's ratings and the average distribution of the ratings in the training set are closely related to the prediction errors from those prediction algorithms. Through this study, the customers who have lower performance of prediction than the rest in the system are classified by those two criteria, which are set by statistical features of customers ratings in the training set, before the prediction process.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1998

Having silk dyed with some pigment extracted from the skin of an onion, examined the change of color by time and frequency of dyeing and a mordanted cloth, and the antibiosis of a dyed cloth and a mordanted cloth. The result of this were as follows ; 1. The pigment of an onion was easily extracted in the hot water of $40^{\circ}C$ and much more extracted as the temperature of water rises($70^{\circ}C$). 2. As a result of dyeing it by the change of time, 30minutes, 60minutes, 90minutes and the frequency of dyeing, once, twice, three times after filtering the extracted solution, the one dyed three times for 30minutes was the best. 3. The difference of color of a mordanted cloth was the highest in the mordant of $SnCl_2\;2H_2O$ on the basis of the value of L of the non-mordant dyed three times. 4. The mordant of copper sulfate was proved to have the highest antibiosis in the antibiosis of a dyed cloth and a mordanted cloth, and it was proved that the pigment of the skin of an onion had excellent antibiosis.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.645-661
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• 2012

Recently, pirates are infesting on the sea and they have been hijacking the several vessels for example Samho Dream and Samho Jewelry of Korea. One of the items to reduce the risk is to adopt the invader detection system. If the pirates break in to the ship, the detection system can monitor the pirates and then call the security alarm. The crew can gain time to hide to the safe room and the report can be automatically sent to the control room to cope with the situation. For the invader detection, an unmanned observation system was proposed using the image detection algorithm that extracts the invader image from the recording image. To detect the motion area, the difference value was calculated between the current image and the prior image of the invader, and the 'AND' operator was used in calculated image and edge line. The image noise was reduced based on the morphology operation and then the image was transformed into morphological information. Finally, a neural network model was applied to recognize the invader. In the experimental results, it was confirmed that the proposed approach can improve the performance of the recognition in the invader monitoring system.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 1994

An instantaneous frequency analysis is a technique to examine a signature for the rotating machinery if the signal has several transitions within a cycle. This paper discusses the conditions of existing negative frequency components in the instantaneous frequency. By using a signal consisted of two frequency components, the instantaneous frequency analysis is conducted while the amplitude ratio between two frequency components has been changed. The analysis shows that, depending on the amplitude ratio, the instantaneous frequencies have averaged, zero-valued, or negative components. It turns out that the negative-valued instantaneous frequencies, which have been regarded as the noise effect, are the consequence of the calculation process for the multisignal components. The criteria of existing the negative values in instantaneous frequencies is given in terms of the relative amplitude ratio and the frequency difference. Especially when the amplitude ratio approaches to 1, the instantaneous frequency fluctuates ${\pm}\infty$ in theory, which implies that instantaneous frequency has unstable region around the amplitude ratio, 1.Also, as the frequency difference between major signal components is increased, the region of existing negative instantaneous becomes broader. In an instantaneous frequency analysis, therefore, a narrow band analysis is suggested, with extreme care if the amplitude ratio approaches to 1. In this paper, a vibration signal monitored from a rotating machinery is also examined as an application example in order to show the existence of negative instantaneous frequencies components.