• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1049-1057
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• 2015

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of Dioscorea batatas for improvement of biological activities during a three-step steaming process, steaming $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and hot air drying at $60^{\circ}C$ for 8 hrs. Samples were extracted with 70% ethanol and analyzed for free sugars, and organic acids were analyzed by HPLC. The DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activities, crude saponin, water binding capacity, oil absorption, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity were measured. The major free sugars in all samples were fructose, maltose, and sucrose, and the free sugar contents increased to 157~235% after the three-step steaming process compared to the control. Organic acid contents of samples treated by steaming increased to greater than 55.8 mg/100g. The ABTS radical scavenging activity significantly increased with repeated steaming process, especially after the three-step process. As the time of steaming process increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity increased from 26.99% fresh Dioscorea batatas to 80.46~97.79% after the three-step process. Crude saponin content increased rapidly as steaming time increased, but decreased after the three-step process steaming process. The water-binding capacities of the samples treated by steaming process were higher than that of the control, whereas oil absorption decreased as steaming time increased. From the results, steaming process could be suggested as beneficial for controlling fat intake. Compared to acarbose, a known antidiabetic drug, used as a positive control, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of samples treated by two-step steaming was among the samples. The results suggest that Dioscorea batatas treated by steaming process has antioxidative and anti-diabetis activities and can be used as a natural health product.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the overall changes in dietary intake and metabolic syndrome risk parameters in Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants over time. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects of this study were 581 Vietnamese marriage-based female immigrants, who were recruited from local clinical centers in Korea. Baseline data were collected from 2006-2011 and the follow-up data were collected from 2012-2014. Dietary food intake was assessed by a 1-day 24-hour recall method. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline, the mean body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased while the fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased at follow-up. The total consumption of foods such as vegetables/fruits/seaweeds/mushrooms, oil and fat, and eggs decreased during the follow-up period, whereas the consumption of sugars, beverages and meats increased. Partial correlation between the rate of change [(Follow-up - Baseline) / Baseline ${\times}100$] in metabolic syndrome risk parameters and food intake after controlling for confounding factors showed that the waist circumference was positively correlated with either the total plant food intake (r = 0.1042, P = 0.0129) or the total food intake (r = 0.0880, P = 0.0359). The plasma levels of total cholesterol (r = -0.1918, P = 0.0289) and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.1424, P = 0.0007) were negatively correlated with the percentage of total intake from plant food, and HDL-cholesterol levels were positively correlated with the intake of total animal food (r = 0.0980, P = 0.0217). The serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the total intake of animal food (r = 0.2374, P < 0.0001) or the percentage of total intake from animal food (r = 0.1346, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the change rate of dietary intake such as total plant food or animal food is associated with the change rates of metabolic syndrome risk parameters.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2023

채소는 여러 건강상의 이점을 주는 식이섬유를 다량 함유하고 있다. 채소는 국내에서 다양한 형태로 섭취되고 있으며, 특히 생으로 먹거나 나물의 형태로 가장 많이 섭취되고 있다. 나물은 여러 조리 방법이 있는데, 가장 흔한 방법은 데치고 무치는 형식이다. 한국에서 나물로 흔히 섭취되는 국내산 참나물, 깻잎, 곰취, 우엉, 마늘쫑을 데친 후, 데친 채소와 생 채소를 한국 식품공전에 따라서 식이섬유와 유리당을 분석하고 비교하였다. 참나물, 우엉뿌리와 깻잎은 데친 후에 총 식이섬유가 감소하였으나, 곰취와 마늘쫑은 각각 6.09±0.49에서 6.43±0.01 g/100 g 과 4.52±0.35 에서 5.09±0.04 g/100 g으로 증가하였다. 유리당 분석 결과, 깻잎을 제외한 채소들에서 sucrose, glucose와 fructose가 검출되었으며, 깻잎은 sucrose가 검출되지 않았다. 분석한 채소들 중에서 sucrose 함량이 가장 높은 채소는 우엉 뿌리 (1.71±0.07 g/100 g) 였으며, glucose와 fructose는 각각 1.65±0.02 와1.73±0.02 g/100 g로 마늘쫑이 가장 높게 나타났다. 채소를 데친 후, 곰취 (0.10±0.01에서 0.14±0.01 g/100 g)와 마늘쫑 (0.76±0.00 에서0.83±0.01 g/100 g)에 함유된 sucrose를 제외한 다른 유리당 함량은 전부 감소하였다. 이 연구를 통해 채소를 데치면 채소에 함유된 유리당과 식이섬유의 함량이 증가하거나 감소할 수 있다는 것을 나타낼 수 있다. 또한, 이러한 영양 정보를 통해 소비자들에게 어떠한 조리 상태의 채소를 섭취할지 선택할 때에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2003

This study was attempted to investigate the physicochemical changes during soybean-leaf water kimchis fermentation by adding wheat flour in cooking water. Soybean-leaf water kimchis with five different levels of wheat flour in cooking water(0%;A, 5%;B 10%;c, 15%;D, 20%;E) were tested for rhological parameters, fine structural changes, sensory evaluations and chemical analysis. The composition of the soybean-leaf was moisture (80.9%), protein(6.8%), fat(0.6%), ash(2.1%) and alkalinity (+14.9). The amount of reducing sugars of sample A and other samples were 0.75% and 1.08∼1.4% in the initial fermentation stage, but decreased to 0.3 and 0.43∼0.50% in the later fermentation stage, respectively. The pH of sample A decreased from 5.17 to 4.72 during the initial fermentation. On sample B, C, D and E, pH's decreased rapidly during the initial fermentation, but they did not change much in the later fermentation stage. The pectin contents of all samples decreased during 2nd and 4th day of fermentation, then the change was slow. The amount of hemicellulose. cellulose and lignin in terms of the DNF and ADF were varied from 4 to 33%, but the contents of them did not greatly changed during the fermentation. The sensory evaluation showed that both B and C samples had the good score in sweety taste, roasted nutty taste, and the ease of swallowing measured as chewiness. From these results, the optimum soybean-leaf water kimchis can be prepared when 200g soybean-leaf, 1000$m\ell$ water, 15g garlic, 3% red pepper powder and 5 ∼0% wheat flour were fermented at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 2 days.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2015

To confirm basic nutrient contents of Korean honey as a food material, we assessed New Zealand Manuka honey by measuring proximate components, vitamin C and minerals of 16 kinds of honey harvested in South Korea. The proximate composition of each honey sample was as follows: moisture content 18.45~29.84%, crude protein 0.10~0.95% (vs Manuka honey 0.23%), crude fat 0.02~0.60% (vs Manuka honey 0.34%), crude ash 0.01~.52% (vs Manuka honey 0.24%) and carbohydrate 67.90~80.94% (vs Manuka honey 79.39%), respectively. In the case of free sugars analyze by HPLC, fructose showed a content of 26.12~49.84% which was highest in acacia honey and lowest in sorbus honey. Content of glucose was 19.38~36.12% and lowest in chestnut honey, whereas sucrose, lactose, maltose were absent. Total sugar contents were 64.16% which was less than Manuka honey (70.23%) and vitamin C was not detected in all samples. Minerals were detected 15~25 kinds, including K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo and so on. Ca was high in order of linden > canola > codonopsis > hedysarum honey, and K was higher than in Manuka honey in order of chestnut > hedysarum > codonopsis > jujube honey. Especially, these results suggest that Korean honey have a better nutrient content profile than Manuka honey.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2003

The daily food intake and its related factors of the elderly(aged over 60) living in Incheon were compared. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 418 elderly. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: About 70% of elderly took grains and starch foods relatively high. The daily intakes of them was significantly influenced by ages of elderly, self-perceived health status, degree of drinking, meal regularity and nutritional balance of meals. More than 80% of elderly responded to take the food group of meat, fish and eggs poorly. Among various factors, the residence type and snack intake frequency influenced the daily intake of those foods statistically. A half of elderly took the vegetables and fruits everyday more than average. The daily consumption of vegetables and fruits was significantly influenced by sex, ages, exercise, snack intake frequency and preference of spices. Most elderly consumed fewer servings of milk and dairy products. About 60% of them did not take milk and dairy products daily. The daily contribution of those foods was significantly influenced by residence and exercise. 45.5% of elderly took oils and sugars more than average everyday which was influenced significantly by residence, exercise, snack intake frequency and meal regularity. In conclusion, the important influencing factors on the daily food intakes of elderly might be related to ages, residence, family, smoking, drinking, exercise, snack intake frequency and meal regularity. Therefore, a situation-oriented and practically organized nutrition education and ingestion support programs which consider the elderlies' socioeconomic status may help to improve the daily food intake of elderly in Incheon area.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.412-421
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• 1998

보리, 옥수수, 대두, 팥 등에 1.2, 10.1, 30.5 kGy의 감마선 조사처리를 하였을 때 조사선량에 따른 잡곡류의 물리화학적, 미생물적 특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 시료의 수분함량과 조지방함량은 감마선 조사에 의해 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, TBA가는 30.5 kGy로 조사한 보리와 옥수수에서 증가하였다. 미생물 검사에서 보리, 옥수수, 대두, 팥의 중온성균과 저온성균은 감마선 조사에 의해 그 수가 감소하였으며 초기오염도가 낮은 효모 및 곰팡이는 1.2 kGy의 저선량 조사로도 검출한계 이하로 사멸이 가능하였다. 옥수수를 제외한 잡곡류의 환원당은 감마선 조사에 의해 유의적으로 변하지 않았고 대두의 stachyose, raffinose, sucrose와 보리의 sucrose함량은 30.5 kGy 조사시 증가하였다. Riboflavin은 30.5 kGy로 조사한 팥을 제외하고는 감마선 조사에 의해 감소하지 않았다. 색도에서는 감마선 조사에 의해 팥분말의 b값이 증가하였고, 대두분 말의 L값은 감소하였다. 30.5 kGy로 조사한 보리분말의 L값, a값, b값은 약간 증가하였고, 옥수수 분말의 b값은 10.1 kGy와 30.5 kGy조사시 감소하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the ethanol extracts and soluble dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. The proximate composition of Cassia tora, soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract, molecular mass distribution, sugar contents and viscosity of soluble fiber from Cassia tora were analyzed. Cassia tora contains 12.6% of moisture, 5.2% of ash, 13.4% of crude protein, 7.2% of crude fat, 8.8% of insoluble fiber and 48.3% of soluble fiber. The effects of extract condition on soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract were investigated. The soluble solid contents were higher in 70% or 50% ethanol extracts than those in 100% ethanol extracts and showed highest value in grind sample extracts. In Hunter's color value, 100% ethanol extracts and whole Cassia tora sample extracts were higher in L and b value, but on the contrary, were lower in a value, than those of the other. The highest emodin and rhein contents were observed in 70% and 50% ethanol extracts, respectively, and showed higher value in room temperature extracts than in heating extracts. The molecular mass of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Most soluble fiber(80%) exhibited a molecular mass range of between 50~2000 kDa. The major sugars of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed were identified as xylose, mannose and galactose. The apparent viscosity of 0.5% soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was 33 mPas showing a higher value than pectin or xanthan gum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1708-1716
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• 2013

The objective of the trial was to study the relationship between the methane ($CH_4$) production and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) carbohydrate fractions of feeds for cattle and the suitability of CNCPS carbohydrate fractions as the dietary variables in modeling the $CH_4$ production in rumen fermentation. Forty-five rations for cattle with the concentrate/roughage ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 were formulated as feed samples. The Menke and Steingass's gas test was used for the measurement of $CH_4$ production. The feed samples were incubated for 48 h and the $CH_4$ production was analyzed using gas chromatography. Statistical analysis indicated that the $CH_4$ production (mL) was closely correlated with the CNCPS carbohydrate fractions (g), i.e. CA (sugars); $CB_1$ (starch and pectin); $CB_2$ (available cell wall) in a multiple linear pattern: $CH_4=(89.16{\pm}14.93)$ $CA+(124.10{\pm}13.90)$ $CB_1+(30.58{\pm}11.72)$ $CB_2+(3.28{\pm}7.19)$, $R^2=0.81$, p<0.0001, n = 45. Validation of the model using 10 rations indicated that the $CH_4$ production of the rations for cattle could accurately be predicted based on the CNCPS carbohydrate fractions. The trial indicated that the CNCPS carbohydrate fractions CA, $CB_1$ and $CB_2$ were suitable dietary variables for predicting the $CH_4$ production in rumen fermentation in vitro.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1006-1010
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• 2007

This study investigated changes in the chemical and functional components of germinated rough rice for the development of functional foods. The chemical components that were determined for 'Ilpum', 'Goami2', 'Keunnun', and 'Heugkwang' rough rice cultivars included dietary fiber, free sugars, free amino acids, and functional components such as tocopherols and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. The crude protein, fat, total dietary fiber, and free sugar contents of the rough rice increased significantly after germination. The essential amino acid content was particularly increased. After the germination of the 'Ilpum', 'Goami2', 'Keunnun', and 'Heugkwang' varieties, the following increases were found: ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid increased 2.4, 2.5, 6.1, and 3.4 times, respectively; ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$-tocotrienols, and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienols increased significantly; and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol content increased 0.8, 1.1, 1.5, and 1.2 times, respectively. Thus, germinated rough rice has the potential to be used as a healthy and functional food ingredient.