• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.550-560
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• 2008

본 연구는 영양전공자들의 영양지식 수준, 식이 효능감과 식행동 간의 관련성을 파악하고 이들의 식행동 변화에 영양지식이나 식이효능감이 영향을 주는지 분석하고자 초 중 고등학교의 급식 영양사[(총 190명) 대전 84명(44.2%), 충남 106명(55.8%)]를 대상으로 영양지식 15문항, 식이 효능감의 4개 하부 영역으로 구성한 총 18 문항, 식행동조사로 권장 식품과 비권장 식품 총 12종의 6개월 전과 비교한 섭취량의 변화를 조사하였다. 학교급식 영양사들의 영양지식은 80.3%의 정답률을 보여 높은 편이었지만 특수 분야에 대한 정답률은 낮았다. 조사대상 영양사들은 74.7%의 자아효능감을 보여주었으며 각 영역별 효능감은 식사습관 영역 72.2%, 음식 선택 영역 85.4%, 주위 환경의 자극 영역 69.7%, 정서 상태 영역 74.6%로 음식 선택 영역의 효능감이 가장 높았고 주위 환경의 자극 영역의 효능감이 가장 낮았다. 권장 식품의 섭취량 변화에서 생선류와 채소류는 섭취량에 변화가 적은 식품류였고, 과일류와 콩류 및 된장 두부는 섭취량이 가장 많이 증가한 식품류였으며, 우유 및 유제품류는 섭취량에 증가와 감소가 비슷한 식품류였고, 미역 김 다시마 버섯류는 섭취량에 변화가 없거나 약간 감소한 식품류였다. 비권장 식품의 섭취량 변화 조사에서 대부분의 비권장 식품류들에 대해 응답자의 약 50%는 섭취량에 변화가 없었다고 응답하였지만 30% 이상은 섭취량에 감소가 나타났다고 응답하여 비권장 식품의 섭취량을 감소시키고자 노력하고 있었다. 조사 대상 급식 영양사들은 영양지식에 따라 식이효능감에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며 또한 식이효능감에 따라 영양지식에도 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않아 두 요인간에 서로 영향을 주지 않았다. 식이효능감에 따른 권장 비권장 식품의 섭취량 변화에서 식이효능감에 따라 권장식품의 섭취량에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 비권장 식품의 섭취량에서는 유의적인 차이(p<0.001)를 보여 식이효능감이 높을수록 권장하지 않는 식품에 대한 섭취량이 감소하였다. 식이 효능감의 4개 하위 영역과의 상관관계 분석 결과식사습관 영역(p<0.001)과 정서상태 영역(p<0.001)이 권장 식품 섭취량과 상관관계를 나타냈으며 비권장 식품 섭취량은 4개 영역 모두(p<0.001)와 상관관계가 있었다. 즉 식사습관과 정서상태 영역의 효능감은 특히 권장 식품의 섭취량을 증가시킬 수 있는 요인이나 모든 4개 영역의 효능감은 비권장 식품의 섭취량을 감소시킬 수 있는 요인들이었다. 이로써 식이효능감이 전문영양사들의 식행동 변화에 영향을 미칠수 있는 요인으로 나타나 학교급식 영양사를 대상으로 하는 교육에 있어서도 식이효능감을 강화시킬 수 있는 방안의 강구에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.750-760
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• 2016

The use of antibiotics in Korean swine production has been changing to a restricted use of in-feed antibiotics. These antibiotics, which are also growth promoters, are powerful for disease control. Due to this issue, the swine industry is consistently looking for any kind of alternatives to antibiotics such as new feed ingredients, feed additives, feed formulation practices, or feeding methods to improve pig health and performance. In general, dietary factors provide bioavailable nutrients and/or affect physiological activity to modify the physiological condition, immune system, or microbial population of pigs to improve their performance and health. Thus, it is suggested that dietary factors may be important components in the growth and health management of pigs. Using an alternative grain feed such as rice, barley, and oats, low protein diets or low-high energy diets can be used as solutions to manage the effect of stress factors that cause growth and health problems at specific time points during the stages of pig production. Several studies support that these alternative feeds and dietary factors may improve pig growth and health by changes in intestinal conditions, immunity, or other physiological conditions compared with typical feed ingredients and diet management in pig production. Therefore, feed ingredients, low protein levels, and different energy contents in swine diets were reviewed to better understand how these dietary factors can contribute to improved pig performance and health under different physiological conditions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.344-348
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile red sea bream in low temperatures. Duplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 79 g) were fed one of three isonitronic diets (47% crude protein) containing different lipid levels (10%, 17% and 22%) for 25 weeks during the winter season. Weight gain and survival of fish fed 17% lipid diet were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fish fed the 10% or 22% lipid diet. Protein efficiency ratio, daily feed intake, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and viscerasomatic index were not affected by dietary lipid level, but feed efficiency of fish fed 10% lipid diet was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fish fed the 17% or 22% lipid diet. Proximate composition of the whole body, liver, viscera and dorsal muscle were not significantly different among all groups except for crude protein content of dorsal muscle. The contents of 16:0, 18:0, 20:4n-3 and 20:5n-3 of the whole body were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary lipid level. The results of this study suggest that an increased dietary lipid level from 10% to 17% can improve growth of juvenile red sea bream in low temperature periods.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences on physical status and study achievement by the dietary behavior of the youth in Korea. The survey was carried from June to July, 1995 by way of questionnaire to 397 students. The students' study achievement records and physical status were analyzed by the factor of dietary behavior. The results were as follows: 1 The average physical status of male students was lean, but females were standard. 76ft of mothers of the subjects were working in specialty farming. The monthly income of their family was $1000{\sim}1500$ thousand Won and students' pocket money was $20{\sim}40$ thousand Won per month. 2. The aspects of meal behavior included the general idea that the meal was thought to relieve hunger, and preference of taste was spiciness The most important factor of the meals for the students was taste. Their bad meal habits were quick eating and irregularity of meals. 3. There was a significant difference in the comparison of the study achieving records with the frequency of supper However, there was no one meaningful difference between study achievement records and the attendance rate to school, health status, and living conditions. However, there was a significant difference between their study records and eating with family. The students, who had the breakfast and/or supper with family, remarked better study records than other groups. 4. Also, there was a significant difference of study records with physical status. The overweight or obese students had a lower degree of study score (p<0.1). Adolescence is considered a period of setting up dietary behavior, so it is necessary to educate good nutrition and dietary habits for students to keep in healthy physical condition and with high study achievements.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.672-682
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the differences in perceived body weight and image and various lifestyles based on the self-rated health of university students when gender was adjusted. Five hundred fifty-five participants were asked their perceived health condition, and 58, 289, 160 and 48 students answered themselves as "very healthy", "healthy", "normal", and "unhealthy", respectively. As compared to the other 3 groups, "unhealthy" group showed higher proportions in dissatisfaction of body weight and negative perception of body image (P < 0.01). As health related lifestyles, "very healthy" group reported longer sleeping time than "unhealthy" group (P < 0.05), and had a higher proportion of people with regular exercise. Among the dietary behaviors, the frequencies of followings significantly different among the groups: "Regularity of meal time" (P < 0.01), "Eat protein foods more than twice a day" (P < 0.001), "Eat vegetables" (P < 0.01), "Eat fruit and fruit juice" (P < 0.01), "Eat vegetable oil added foods" (P < 0.01), "Eat seaweed" (P < 0.01), "Eat breakfast" (P < 0.01), "Modulation in animal fat and high in cholesterol intake" (P < 0.01). Particularly, higher proportion of subjects answered "very healthy" had higher frequencies (6-7 times/week) of these dietary behaviors. Overall results suggest that healthy lifestyle including adequate sleeping time, regular exercise, and good dietary behaviors might be potential factors affecting positive perception of health. In addition, positive perception of body weight and image were related with positive perception of health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) and arginine (Arg) supplementation on performance, intestinal morphology and ascites mortality in broilers. Methods: A total of 675 day old chicks were randomly allocated to 9 experimental groups in a $3{\times}3$ factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with 5 replicates of 15 chicks. Three levels of dietary Gln (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and Arg (100%, 130%, and 160% of Ross recommendation) supplementation were used in ascites inducing condition ($15^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) from 7 to 42 days of age. Results: Dietary supplementation of Gln increased body weight gain during grower, finisher and total periods (p<0.05) and increased feed intake during total period. Ascites mortality was decreased by Gln supplementation (p<0.05). Gln supplementation increased the villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05). Arg supplementation decreased CD in duodenum and jejunum, and increased ileum villus width (VW) and also VH/CD ratio in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05). Both Gln and Arg increased the goblet cell number (GCN) in duodenum whereas Gln supplementation decreased GCN in jejunum and ileum (p<0.05). The $Gln{\times}Arg$ interaction were observed for right ventricle (RV)/total ventricular (TV) ratio, VH, VW, CD, VH/CD. Conclusion: It was concluded that dietary 0.5% Gln alone or along with 130% Arg of Ross requirement, improve the intestinal morphology and performance and hence decrease the ascites mortality in broiler chickens with cold induced ascites.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1632-1646
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary betaine (BT) supplementation on the hepatic transcriptome profiles in broiler chickens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions. Methods: A total of 180 (21-d-old) Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment groups with 6 replicated cages in a completely randomized design. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions at all times and was fed a basal diet (PC). Other 2 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 2 groups under heat stress conditions was fed the basal diet as a negative control (NC), whereas the other group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% BT. All chickens were provided with diets and water ad libitum for 21 d. Following the experiment, the liver samples were collected for RNA sequencing analysis. Results: Broiler chickens in NC and BT group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance. In the transcriptome analysis, the number of differentially expressed genes were identified in the liver by HS conditions and dietary BT supplementation. In the comparison between NC and PC treatments, genes related to energy and nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and immune system were altered by HS, which support the reason why heat-stressed poultry had decreased growth performance. In the comparison between NC and BT treatments, genes related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune system were differently expressed under HS conditions. Conclusion: HS negatively impacts various physiological processes, including DNA replication, metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, and cell cycle progression in broiler chickens. Dietary BT supplementation, however, offers potential counteractive effects by modulating liver function, facilitating gluconeogenesis, and enhancing immune systems. These findings provide a basis for understanding molecular responses by HS and the possible benefits of dietary BT supplementation in broiler chickens exposed to HS.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

감성돔, A. schlegeli 자치어의 성장 및 생존에 미치는 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine($T_3$) 경구투여 효과를 파악하기 위해 $T_3$를 0, 10, 20, 50 및 100 ppm으로 사료에 섞어 경구 투여하였다. $T_3$ 경구투여에 따른 사료섭식률은 10 ppm구와 20 ppm구에서 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었지만, $T_3$ 투여량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 사료효율의 경우 10 ppm구가 다른 실험구들에 비해 높았으나, 큰 차는 없었다. 생존율의 경우 100 ppm구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나, 그 외 처리구는 대조구와 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전장과 체중의 성장은 10 ppm 구가 다른 실험구보다도 높았고, 20 ppm구는 대조구와 거의 같은 수준에 있었으나, 50 ppm과 100 ppm구는 오히려 대조구보다도 느린 성장 경향을 나타내었다. 비만도는 대조구에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였으며, 10 ppm구를 비롯한 모든 $T_3$ 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타나, $T_3$ 투여량이 많아짐에 따라 비만도가 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 1991

식이 중에 첨가된 coenzyme $Q_{10}$이 ADR을 투여한 흰쥐의 심장 미토콘드리아 분획의 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 수준과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 두가지 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1에서는 4주간 실험식이를 공급함과 동시에 ADR을 투여하였으나 실험 2에서는 4주간 실험식이만을 급여한 후 다시 4주간 실험1과 같은 방법으로 ADR투여와 실험식이 공급을 병행하였다. 실험군은 실험1과 2에서 모두 ADR 2수준 (1.0mg/kg B.W./week, 2.0mg/kg B.W./weed)과 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 3수준 (무첨가군, 0.1g/kg diet 및 0.5/kg diet)에 의한 6개의 실험군과 basal diet만을 공급하는 대조군을 설정하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 실험결과를 요약하면 심장 미토콘드리아 내의 coenzyme $Q_{10}$의 함량은 ADR투여로 크게 감소되었으나 특히 식이중의 coenzyme $Q_{10}$을 고수준으로 급여함에 따라 유의적으로 증가되었으며 실험1에 비해 실험2에서 coenzyme $Q_{10}$급여효과가 더욱 크게 나타났다. 지방산 조성은 모든 실험군에서 plamitic(16 : 0), stearic(18 : 0), linoleic acid(18 : 2)와 arachidonic acid(20 : 4)가 주요지방산으로서 80% 이상을 차지하였고 ADR투여로 인해 arachidonic acid(20 : 4)와 docosahexaenoic acid(22 : 6)등의 고불포화지방산 함량이 감소되는 경향이었으며 coenzyme$Q_{10}$ 급여에 의해 이러한 감소가 조절되었다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2018

교사의 건강과 식생활에 대한 태도는 학생들에게 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 초·중등 예비교사와 교사의 식생활과 교육에 대한 인식, 식습관, 식생활 관리 역량을 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 2017년 10월부터 12월까지 서울·경기, 충청, 전라, 강원, 경상 지역의 교육대학과 사범대학에 재학 중인 예비교사와 초·중·고등학교 교사 812명을 대상으로 5-Likert 자기기입식 설문조사로 실시되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS PC +24를 이용하여 빈도, 백분율을 구하였다. Varimax 회전법에 의한 요인분석을 실시하였고, Cronbach's α를 이용하여 신뢰도를 검증하였으며, 식생활과 교육에 대한 인식, 식습관, 식생활 관리 역량의 일반사항에 따른 차이점을 알아보기 위해 one-way ANOVA와 Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch F를 이용하여 p<0.05 수준에서 유의성을 검정하였다. 본 연구의 요인분석 결과 식생활과 교육에 대한 인식은 식생활 관심도와 식생활 관리 스트레스의 2개 요인이 추출되었고, 식습관은 건강 식습관과 나쁜 식습관의 2개 요인으로 구성되었다. 식생활 관리 역량은 식생활 지식, 조리, 식생활 위생 및 안전, 환경의 4개 요인으로 구성되었다. 식생활 관심도 평균은 3.81±0.73점, 식생활 관리 스트레스 3.09±0.95점이었다. 건강 식습관은 3.39±0.77점, 나쁜 식습관 3.31±0.91점, 식생활 관리 역량 평균 점수는 3.29±0.73점이었고, 식생활 지식 요인 3.29±0.67점, 조리 요인 3.02±0.82점, 식생활 위생 및 안전 요인 4.16±0.63점, 환경 요인 3.12±0.89점이었다. 예비교사와 교사는 식생활 관리 역량의 환경 요인을 제외한 모든 요인들이 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 식생활 관심 요인은 성별, 전공, 나이, 건강상태, 비만도, 식사준비참여 횟수에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 식생활 관리 역량의 평균점수는 성별, 전공, 나이, 건강상태, 식사준비참여 횟수에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 예비교사와 교사를 대상으로 한 식생활 교육은 일반사항에 따른 차이점을 고려하고, 식사준비에 참여하는 횟수를 높여 식생활 관리 역량을 강화하며, 건강한 식습관이 형성되도록 적극적인 교육과 홍보가 요구되었다. 또한 식생활 영역을 활용한 융합 교육을 도울 수 있는 자료 개발이 요구되었다.