• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.552-558
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• 2012

A $2{\times}2$ factorial experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary calcium and non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) imbalance on calbindin and NaPi-IIb mRNA levels in the small intestine and tibia parameters of broiler chicks. One hundred and forty four 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were divided into four treatments consisted of six replicates with six chicks each. The two dietary calcium levels were 1.10% and 0.60%, and two dietary nPP levels were 0.50% and 0.27%. Results showed that a high Ca/nPP ratio diet (4.07:1) significantly depressed feed intake and weight gain of broilers (p<0.05), but a lower Ca:nPP ratio (1.2:1) had no influence (p>0.05). Low-Ca with low-P diet resulted in low tibia minerals and tibia breaking strength of broilers, and all the tibia parameters were further decreased when the dietary ratio of Ca to P was relative higher. Low dietary Ca or P up-regulated the calbindin and NaPi-IIb mRNA expression levels. Low Ca with normal P diet up-regulated duodenal calbindin mRNA expression level to the greatest extent. Low P with a normal Ca diet significantly enhanced NaPi-IIb mRNA expression level to the highest extent. These results suggest that the calbindin and NaPi-IIb mRNA expression were enhanced by the imbalance between dietary Ca and nPP, and their expression were not only influenced by Ca or nPP level, but also the ratio of Ca:nPP.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 1994

This study was intended to investigate the effects of nutritional, physical and environmental conditions on the bone status of 102 pre and post menopausal women living in Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows : when subjects were classified into two groups by bone status, there were significant differences in age, calcium index, serum estrogen and physical activity between two groups. Average daily calcium intake of subjects was 682.9 (149.2)mg, which is almost same as RDA, but 41.1% of the subjects consumed calcium below RDA. Calcium index(p<0.05), serum estrogen(p<0.001), physical activity(p<0.001) of poor bone group were significantly lower than those of good bone group. Although there was not a significant difference between bone status and other influential factors, such as family type, skip meal, alcohol drinking, smoking and BMI, each has been shown to have an effect, if slight, on the bone status.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.45-45
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• 1994

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate the dally intake of lead and the relationship among dietary In take, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium In 30 healthy adults living In rural area of Korea (12 males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling. The results were as follows The mean daily intake of energy was 2,176.3kcal and 1,613.9kcal in males and (tamales of 20∼49years, and 1,914.8kcal and 1,517.9kcal in males and females of 50∼59years, respectively The ratio of carbohydrate : fat : protein was 73.4:13.6:13.0 in males and 76.4:10.3:13.3 In females. The mean daily intake of lead was 277.2Pg in males and 192.0ug in females. The mean daily intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium were 491.1mg, 8.9mg/dl, and 80.7mg in males and 426.7mg, 8.8mg /dl, and 80.3mg in females, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the daily lead intake and the dietary intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium. It was concluded that the daily lead intake was lower than the acceptable daily lead intake of FAO/WHO but a little higher than that of other investigations. And the daily lead intake was not level that relate to calcium status seriously.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of calcium intake , serum calcium level to calcium supplementation and the effect of nutritional education in middle-aged women. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Daily nutrient intakes and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by convenient method and food frequency questionnaire. At the same time, fasting blood samples were collected and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured before and after nutritional education. The BMD of subjects were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA). Serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly(p<0.05) different between pre and post nutritional education. After nutritional education, nutrient intakes were significantly increased(p<0.05), especially calcium. This results suggested that dietary calcium intake as well as nutritional education seem to be important in preventing in middle-aged women.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary dried anchovy and non-fat dried milk on serum and femur Ten months old female rats were divieded into 6 groups(ST, A-middle, A-high, M-middle, M-high, A+M), and fed the diet containing different level of food calcium for 8 weeks. The results obtained were summerized as follow: 1. The rats' weight gain were not significantly different from the fed groups, but food intake were significantly higher or lower level in the group of A-high than the other groups. 2. Serum calcium concentration was significantly increased in the A-middle group, the M-high group were significantly decreased. Serum phosphorous contents of M-high group were increased significantly higher than ST group. The serum magnesium contents were increased significantly higher than in the A-middle group. Serum iron contents of other experimental groups were significantly higher than ST group. All experimental groups were significantly lower copper contents in serum than ST group. 3. The more rats took dried anchovy and non-fat dried milk, the longer the length of femur. But this trend is not statistically difference. In the breaking force of left femur, most of all experimental group were stronger than ST group. 4. The calcium, phosphorous contents of ash, dry, wet weight of right femur in A+M group were higher than any other groups.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.290-299
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five subjects (41 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of patients who had visited the department of endocrine medicine. Data on anthropometric characteristics, clinical indices such as hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein (CRP), and dietary nutrient intakes were collected. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their calcium intake [< EAR (below estimated average requirement), EAR-RNI (between EAR and recommended nutrient intake), > RNI (above RNI)]. Average calcium intake of < EAR, EAR-RNI, > RNI groups were $462.7{\pm}18.7$, $649.7{\pm}12.8$, and $895.7{\pm}21.7mg$, respectively. Energy intake was not different among groups but intakes of protein, total and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in > RNI group than < EAR group. Analysis of covariance revealed that HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in EAR-RNI group, as compared to < EAR group after adjustment with confounders such as age, sex, BMI and energy intake (p < 0.05). Levels of CRP and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were significantly lower in EAR-RNI group. Total cholesterol level was higher in EAR-RNI and > RNI groups, although within the normal range. Our results suggest that dietary calcium intake may influence the levels of HDL-cholesterol, CRP and HOMA2-IR and subsequently, help management/treatment of type 2 diabetes patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1994

Recently it is reported that RBC membrane fluidity decreases and RBC calcium levels increase with age. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in lipid and calcium metabolism with age, and to seek relationship of diet and metabolism. With clinically normal Korean adults(male 60, female 63), this study was carried out in three phases : 1) to analyze fatty acid percentage of RBC membrane, 2) to analyze calcium levels of RBC with age, and 3) to compare the effects of dietary fatty acid intake on blood fatty acid profiles. The results are as follows : The P/S ratio of RBC membrane fatty acid decreased with age. The RBC calcium content increased according to age, with women having a higher level than men. The higher intake groups of linolenic acid(C18:3) has statistically higher serum linolenic acid levels. But dietary effects of membrane fatty acid were not found. Therefore, the further research to seek the possible relationship of diet and membrane fatty acid should be continued.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1993

Sixteen Korean native bulls weighing about 211 kg were randomly allotted to investigate the effect of different dietary calcium levels on performance. Feeding period was divided into growing period and fattening period for 180 days. Four calcium levels (0.44, 0.58, 0.72 and 0.86%) were used to each period. Bulls fed the diet containing 0.72% calcium had greater body weight gain and consumed more feed than bulls fed diets containing 0.44, 0.58 and 0.86% calcium and improved in feed efficiency. Bulls fed the diet containing 0.44% calcium were worst in performance. It can be concluded that Korean native bulls in growing and fattening period required no more than 0.72% calcium in diet that contained 0.55% phosphorus, and appeared that when ratio of calcium to phosphorus intake was 1.45, performance of Korean native bulls was most beneficial.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.583-589
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• 1994

In order to study the interrelationships of calcium (0.45 vs. 0.90%), phosphorus (0.40 vs. 0.70%) and protein (17, 20, 23%), $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design was employed. A total of 480 broilers (Hisex-Hibro) aged 3 days were fed the experimental diets for a period of 28 days. Body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were investigated for the simple effects, first order interaction and second order interaction of the dietary factors. These effects were also applied to bone ash retention, percent Ca in bone & ash, percent P in bone & ash, and protein utilizability. Results were as follows. 1) For body weight gain, simple effects of dietary levels of Ca, P, CP were found to be significant (p<0.05). Body weight gain at 0.90% Ca level was improved as the dietary CP levels increased. For the feed intake, single effects of dietary levels of both P and CP were found (p<0.05). Feed efficiency was improved as the dietary CP and P levels increased. Ca $\times$ P interaction was found to be significant for body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency (p<0.05), however, Ca $\times$ P $\times$ CP interaction effect was not found. 2) Protein utilizability decreased as the dietary CP level increased (p<0.01). 3) 0.90% Ca in diet showed less bone ash retention than 0.45% Ca level. And, increasing the dietary P level resulted in increased bone ash retention. Increasing the dietary P level resulted in increased bone Ca retention (p<0.01) and increased bone P retention (p<0.05). Dietary CP levels had significant (p<0.01) effect on bone Ca retention except for 23% CP level. Increasing the dietary Ca level resulted in wider Ca:P ratio of bone, but increasing the dietary P level resulted in narrower Ca:P ratio of bone. 4. Ca $\times$ P interaction effects were found to be significant (p<0.01) for bone ash, bone Ca & P, ash P content, and bone Ca:P ratio. Ca $\times$ P $\times$ CP interaction effects were found for bone ash (p<0.01), bone Ca (p<0.05) and bone P content (p<0.01).