• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2012

One of the biggest challenges for the animal feed industry in the coming years will be to meet the growing demand in animal protein in light of increased cost of feed ingredient as well as tougher restrictions on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters imposed by consumers and governments. A key focus area will be to maximise feed efficiency and minimise nutrient waste. It has been widely acknowledged that the composition of the intestinal microflora is closely related to intestinal health and performance of animals. Advanced microbial techniques have shown a close relationship between bacterial communities and their ability to modulate nutrient absorption and processing. In addition it has been recognised that modulating the immune response has significant impact on overall health as well as overall nutrient demand. Molecular techniques are a useful tool to gain an understanding of the impact of dietary interventions including the use of functional feed additives on specific changes in microbial communities or the immune system. Most these techniques however focus on the evaluation of large changes in bacterial compositions and often underestimate or neglect to recognise small changes in microbial diversity or behaviour changes without any measurable immune response. The key to understanding the relationship between specific nutritional intervention and the impact on health and performance lies in a deeper understanding of the impact of these nutrients on the expression of specific genes or specific metabolic pathways. The development of molecular tools as a result of developments in the field of Nutrigenomics has enabled researchers to study the effects of specific nutrients on the whole genome or in other words, the effect of thousands of genes simultaneously, and has opened a completely different avenue for nutritional research.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.8.1-8.17
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• 2017

Growth promoters have been widely used as a strategy to improve productivity, and great benefits have been observed throughout the meat production chain. However, the prohibition of growth promoters in several countries, as well as consumer rejection, has led industry and the academy to search for alternatives. For decades, the inclusion of phytochemicals in animal feed has been proposed as a replacement for traditional growth promoters. However, there are many concerns about the application of phytochemicals and their impact on the various links in the meat production chain (productive performance, carcass and meat quality). Therefore, the effects of these feed additives are reviewed in this article, along with their potential safety and consumer benefits, to understand the current state of their use. In summary, the replacement of traditional growth promoters in experiments with broilers yielded benefits in all aspects of the meat production chain, such as improvements in productive performance and carcass and meat quality. Although the effects in pigs have been similar to those observed in broilers, fewer studies have been carried out in pigs, and there is a need to define the types of phytochemicals to be used and the appropriate stages for adding such compounds. In regard to ruminant diets, few studies have been conducted, and their results have been inconclusive. Therefore, it is necessary to propose more in vivo studies to determine other strategies for phytochemical inclusion in the production phases and to select the appropriate types of compounds. It is also necessary to define the variables that will best elucidate the mechanism(s) of action that will enable the future replacement of synthetic growth promoters with phytochemical feed additives.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2008

본 연구는 산란계에 대한 유기사료 첨가제로서 소나무 껍질 추출물, 피타민의 첨가효과를 조사하기 위하여 산란계(Hyline brown) 150마리를 이용하여 산란성적과 계란품질 평가를 실시하였다. 대조구, 피타민 0.1%, 피타민 0.2%로 구분된 3개의 처리구를 완전 임의배치하여 6주 동안 사육하였다. 산란성적은 피타민 0.1% 첨가구와 대조구가 서로 비슷하였으나 피타민 0.2% 첨가구는 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 호우유니트는 피타민 0.1% 및 0.2% 첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 난각두께 및 파란강도는 피타민 0.1% 첨가구와 대조구 사이에 있어서 유의차가 없었다. 계란의 콜레스테롤은 피타민 0.1% 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며 통계적 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 계란의 포화지방산 조성은 피타민 0.2% 첨가구가 가장 낮았고 불포화지방산은 피타민 0.2% 첨가구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 저장 일수에 따른 계란의 호우유니트, 난황지수 및 난백지수는 피타민 0.1% 및 피타민 0.2% 첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 소나무 껍질추출물, 피타민을 산란계 사료 내 유기사료 첨가제로서 0.1% 수준으로 첨가해주면 산란능력 및 계란의 품질을 일정하게 유지하면서 계란 저장성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

Objective: The present experiment has tested the effect of dietary alfalfa flavonoids (AAF) supplementation on the productive performances, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. Methods: One hundred and sixty crossbred rabbits (42 days old) were divided into four groups of forty animals each and were fed either a control diet (AAF0) or an AAF0 diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,200 mg of AAF/kg per diet (AAF4, AAF8, and AAF12, respectively) from weaning to slaughtering (102 days old). Performance data were recorded over a period of 60 days. At the end of the trial, 12 rabbits were slaughtered per group, and the carcass characteristics were recorded. Moreover, the plasma, liver and dorsal muscles were sampled from 12 rabbits/group, and were analyzed for lipid oxidation. Results: No significant differences were recorded for the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits except for lightness parameter that was lower in the control group. Dietary AAF supplementation significantly (p<0.01) affected the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the frozen meat in a dose-related manner, with the lowest value (0.24 mg MDA/kg fresh meat) recorded in the AAF12 group samples. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of AAF in rabbit diets improved muscle oxidation stability with no adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals even if a slight impact on meat lightness color parameter was recorded.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2017

Fermented Rhus verniciflua (FRV) as feed additives act as excellent anti-diarrheal drugs as they increase the intestinal absorption rate therefore being indirectly associated with enhancing growth performance and increasing digestibility in livestock. A total of 80 weaned pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of $6.82{\pm}1.11kg$ were used to evaluate a diet supplemented with FRV meal in a 6 week feeding trial with two dietary treatments [CON - basal diet; TRT - CON + 0.2% FRV] on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood profiles, fecal microflora, and fecal score. Our results showed that the dietary supplementation of FRV improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain and gain : feed (G : F) ratio during days 15 - 42 and the overall experiment period and also increased the ATTD of dry matter (p < 0.05) at days 14 and 42. On the contrary, there was no effect (p > 0.05) on average daily feed intake, ATTD of nitrogen and energy, and blood profiles during the entire experiment. Moreover, dietary inclusion of FRV significantly increased fecal Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) counts and reduced the diarrhea during days 22 - 42. Thus, the results suggest that FRV can be used as a potential additive to improve growth performance and dry matter and to reduce diarrhea while having beneficial effects on fecal microflora in weanling pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.575-592
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• 2021

In livestock nutrition, natural feed additives are gaining increased attention as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters to improve animal performance. This study investigated the effects of dietary turmeric supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of weaned piglets. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) were used in a 6-week feeding trial. All piglets were allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean meal basal diet without turmeric (control) and with 1% weight per weight (w/w) turmeric powder (turmeric). The results showed that dietary inclusion of turmeric with the basal diet improved final body weight and total average daily gain (p < 0.05). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the fecal samples, including acetic, butyric, and propionic acids, were higher in the turmeric group (p < 0.05). The villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was higher in the ileum of turmeric-fed piglets (p = 0.04). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota indicated that, at the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most predominant taxa in all fecal samples. Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased in the turmeric group compared to the control group (p = 0.021). At the genus level, turmeric showed a decreased abundance of Prevotella (p = 0.021) and an increasing trend of Lactobacillus (p = 0.083). Among the total detected species, nine bacterial species showed significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that turmeric altered the gut microbiota and shortchain fatty acid production. This suggests that turmeric could be used as a potential alternative growth promoter for piglets.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.547-560
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• 2022

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract on the growth performance and physiological properties of broiler chicks. Two diet energy levels (Positive and Negative) and four additives (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1% peanut shell extract and commercial antioxidant) were factorially arranged for eight treatments. The overall weight gain of the broilers was slightly improved at 0.05% for the antioxidant treatments regardless of the diet energy levels, but there was no statistical difference among the treatments (p > 0.05). The carcass characteristics of the broilers, such as cooking loss, crude protein content, antioxidant activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, were improved by the feeding diets containing the 0.05% peanut shell extract. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract did not have a negative effect on the immune responses of the broilers show by the lack of statistical differences in the liver and bursa Fabricious weight and cytokine level among the treatments. From the economic analysis, dietary supplementation of peanut shell extract significantly influenced the compensatory growth and food efficiency and, in turn, led to a decrease in the duration needed to reach 1.5 kg compared to the control. These results suggest the possibility that the peanut shell extract could be used as a functional feed additive by improving the growth performance and carcass characteristics with no detrimental effects on broilers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1628-1634
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• 2022

Objective: This study focused on the effect of dietary metallo-protease and Bacillus velezensis CE 100 on growth performance, carcass parameters, intestinal microflora, footpad dermatitis (FPD), and manure odor in broiler chickens. Methods: One hundred-ten (two-day-old Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five groups with two replicate pens. The dietary treatments were divided to control, metallo-protease groups (A1, added with 0.1%; A2, added with 0.2%) and B. velezensis CE 100 groups (B1, added with 0.5%; B2, added with 1.0%). Results: The feed intake was decreased in A1 and B2 compared to the other group (p<0.05). The liver weight was lower in B2 than in A2 (p<0.05). The Salmonella in the cecum was decreased in A2 compared to control and A1 (p<0.05). However, the lactic acid bacteria were increased in all treatments (p<0.05). The litter moisture content was decreased in A2, B1, and B2 (p<0.05). The litter quality visual score was increased in all treatments (p<0.05). The FPD score and prevalence were reduced in all treatments (p<0.05). The (CH₃)₂S emission was decreased in all treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicated that both additives improve litter quality and reduce the incidence of FPD. These findings suggest that dietary metallo-protease and B. velezensis CE 100 have the potential to improve the broiler chickens' welfare.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.671-682
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• 2006

본 실험은 산란종계 노계에서 이소플라본과 CPP의 첨가 급여가 종란 생산성 및 후기 난각질에 미치는 영향과 Ca 대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 56주령의 Hy-Line Brown 산란종계 암탉 360수와 수탉 36수를 공시하여 사료 내 Ca을 3.3% 및 3.6% 수준으로 하고 이소플라본과 CPP를 각각 0.2% 및 0.5% 수준으로 첨가한 총 6개의 실험사료(3반복)를 5주간 급여하였다. 주별로 사료섭취량을 조사하였고, 산란율과 난중은 매일 조사하였다. 주별로 생산된 종란으로부터 종란율과 부화율을 조사하였다. 실험사료 급여 후 생산된 계란을 반복구별로 수집하여 난각질 및 난각막 내 glycosaminoglycan과 uronic acid 분석에 이용하였다. 실험 종료 시 반복구별로 평균체중이 비슷한 개체를 선발하여 채혈 후 희생시킨 다음 경골을 적출하였다. 채취한 경골은 화학적 조성의 분석을 위한 시료로 이용하였고, 얻어진 혈액에서 화학성분 및 호르몬 분석을 실시하였다.사료섭취량, 난생산성 및 종란율에서는 처리간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사료 내 Ca 수준 및 이소플라본 첨가는 난각강도를 각각 유의하게 개선시킨 것으로 나타났으며, CPP의 첨가에 의해서는 특별한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 수정율 및 부화율에서도 처리간에 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 경골강도 및 경골 내 성분 조성에서 사료 내 Ca 수준 및 이소플라본과 CPP의 첨가 효과는 발견되지 않았다. 혈중 Ca, P, estrogen 및 calcitonin 농도 역시 처리간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서는 사료 내 Ca 수준의 증가 및 이소플라본 같은 Ca의 이용성에 영향을 미치는 성분을 적절히 활용함으로서 후기 난각질의 개선을 통해 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 종란 생산성에 대해서는 이소플라본 및 CPP의 첨가가 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.847-854
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• 2014

Different herbs and spices have been used as feed additives for various purposes in poultry production. This study was conducted to assess the effect of feed supplemented with black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their combinations on the performance of broilers. A total of 210 (Cobb) one-d-old chicks were divided into seven groups of 30 birds each. The treatments were: a control group received no supplement, 0.5% black pepper (T1), 0.5% turmeric powder (T2), 2% coriander seeds (T3), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 0.5% turmeric powder (T4), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 2% coriander seed (T5), and a mixture of 0.5% black pepper, 0.5% turmeric powder and 2% coriander seeds (T6). Higher significant values of body weight gain during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) were observed in broilers on T1, T3, T5, and T6 compared to control. Dietary supplements with T1, T2, T3, and T6 improved the cumulative G:F of broilers during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) compared with control. The dressing percentage and edible giblets were not influenced by dietary supplements, while higher values of relative weight of the liver (p<0.05) were obtained in T5 and T6 compared to control. The addition of feed supplements in T5 and T6 significantly increased serum total protein and decreased serum glucose, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase concentrations compared with the control group (p<0.05). Broilers on T6 showed significant decrease in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase concentration (p<0.05) compared to control. The broilers having T5 and T6 supplemented feed had relatively greater antibody titre (p<0.001) at 35 d of age than control. It is concluded that dietary supplements with black pepper or coriander seeds or their combinations enhanced the performance and health status of broiler chickens.