• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2014

The effect of sodium and sodium salts on carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers under a four phase feeding program were investigated. A basal diet (0.08% dNa with NaCl) was formulated and one of two sources of dNa ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented to obtain four different percentages of dNa (0.17, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.44%) for each treatment. There was a linear decrease in dressing percentage (DP) with source ${\times}$ level interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$), while there was a linear increase in breast yield and thigh yield with increasing dNa supplementation ($p{\leq}0.001$). Chicks fed 0.35% $NaHCO_3$ and 0.44% dNa $Na_2SO_4$ supplemental salts had lower abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.04$). Chicks that received increasing levels of dNa (from 0.17 to 0.44%) showed increasing gizzard weight ($p{\leq}0.02$) and decreasing spleen weight ($p{\leq}0.02$). When both salts were supplemented at 0.26% dNa, the chicks showed their lowest bursa weight ($p{\leq}0.001$). Consequently, chicks at higher dNa showed an increase in breast and thigh meat yield, and increasing capacity of their digestive organ. The higher levels of dNa should be tested with other cations and anions to fully understand acid base homoeostasis.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

Populations both in the US and worldwide are aging. It is projected that by the year 2030 the population of Americans over 65 will increase to 70 million, more than twice their number in 1998. About one-third of elderly over the age of 65 have debilitating chronic health conditions that greatly impede their activities. Age-associated chronic diseases are believed to be associated with free radicals and the imbalance in antioxidant and oxidative stress contributes to development of several chronic health conditions. Diet and nutrients can have great impact in the health status of elderly. Several factors may contributor to the inadequate consumption of nutrients in elderly, including an inability to chew food adequately, polypharmacy, living along and limited income. Low intake of energy and several micronutrients are common among the elderly. Although overt deficiency of nutrients among the elderly is not common. a recent study showed that while elderly consume more fat, the total energy intake is low among the elderly. Inadequate intake of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E in elderly may contribute to the development of chronic health problems. Intake of higher than normal RDA levels of vitamin E for long periods of time has been shown to reduce the risk of many degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases(CVD) and cancer, and improve immune response in elderly. High intake of other antioxidants is also associated with reduced risk chronic diseases. Dietary antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables. However, due to variety of factors, the elderly may not be able to receive these and other micronutrients through diet. Therefore, supplemental intake of micronutrients in the form of multi vitamins/minerals and/or specific micronutrients is a more practical approach to the maintenance of health status in the elderly.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.22.1-22.6
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• 2017

The antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of dietary supplementation of sea tangle from Goseong and the alginate-free residue of sea tangle were investigated in Sprague Dawley rats treated with a high-fat diet, streptozotocin, poloxamer 407, and bromobenzene. The alginate-free residue of Goseong sea tangle induced a significant reduction in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, as well as a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Alginate-free Goseong sea tangle residue reduced the activities of the phase I enzymes aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, which had been increased by intraperitoneal injection of bromobenzene. Pretreatment with Goseong sea tangle residue prevented a bromobenzene-induced decrease in epoxide hydrolase activity. Bromobenzene reduced hepatic glutathione content and increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels. Pretreatment with alginate-free Goseong sea tangle residue prevented lipid peroxidation induced by bromobenzene, but pretreatment with Goseong sea tangle did not. These results suggest that Goseong sea tangle residue exerted antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities that were higher than those induced by alginate-containing sea tangle. Therefore, the alginate-free residue may contain physiologically unknown active components, other than alginic acid, which may potentially be used to prevent hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-29
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• 2020

Dietary nitrate supplementation from green leafy vegetables and beetroot is involved in the 'nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway' and is reported to have important vascular impacts. This study evaluated the blood parameters and blood flow change subsequent to a raw juice diet program. The 28 subjects who voluntarily participated in the raw juice diet program at Sahmyook University were instructed to drink the juice composed of fruits and vegetables instead of partaking the usual meal, at a scheduled time daily. The study was approved by the research ethics council of the Sahmyook University (SYUIRB 2014-043). Evaluation of the participants after the required duration revealed decreased levels of soft lean mass (P<0.05), skeletal muscle mass (P<0.001), body fat mass (P<0.001), body mass index (P<0.001) and circulating levels of total cholesterol (P<0.001), triglycerides (P<0.05), HDL-cholesterol (P<0.01), LDL-cholesterol (P<0.01), and blood urea nitrogen (P<0.001). Conversely, circulating levels of creatinine (P<0.001), hemoglobin (P<0.001), and hematocrit (P<0.01) were increased after the intervention. The blood flow levels were also increased after the program (P<0.001). Our results indicate that a short-term raw juice diet contributes to the improvement of vascular blood flow and blood lipid parameters, and decreases the lean muscle mass related to dehydration.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.221-224
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• 2004

The feeding group, composed of weaning pigs fed 3 mL of glucosamine derivatives, was compared for the carcass and quality characteristics with the unfeeding control group for 25∼70 days since they were born. The results were as follows; There were no significant differences in carcass weight and back-fat thickness between the feeding group and the unfeeding group although the feeding group had low ranges of standard error when compared to the control. Feeding group had higher incidence frequencies of A grade (42.7%) than the control (29.2%). The feeding group and unfeeding group had no significant differences in meat color, cooking loss, WBS, pH, WHC and purge loss. Results from this study showed that feeding GD had effect on the decrease the market weight and production of consist carcass weight, however, the feeding GD had no effect on pork quality during rearing times after weaning.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2006

This study demonstrates that red yeast rice exhibits radical scavenging and antihypercholesterolemic activities in rats fed cholesterol. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided to five dietary groups (normal, chol-control; and M-1, M-2 & M-3 administered 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg red yeast rice, respectively) and fed their respective diets for 4 weeks. No significant differences in food efficiency ratio (FER) were found among the five groups. The weight of perirenal fat pads decreased with increasing amounts of red yeast rice supplementation. There was a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol in M-3 group fed red yeast rice with 500 mg/kg compared to those in the chol-control, M-1 and M-2 groups (p<0.05). Among the rats fed the cholesterol-enriched diet, all groups fed red yeast rice showed higher concentration of the HDL cholesterol, but lower concentration of the LDL cholesterol than those of the chol-control group. The scavenging activity of the methanol extract from red yeast rice was increased with increasing amounts of the extract. The glutathione content in the normal group and in the M-3 group were higher than that in the other groups. The M-3 group showed similar hepatic glutathione contents to those of the normal group. These results suggest that red yeast rice may be safe and effective for lowering serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, ratio of non-HDL/HDL, and severity of experimental atherosclerosis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1205-1214
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• 2022

Objective: Spent ginger is a byproduct of juice extraction from the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Despite its nutritional value, it is difficult to preserve or further process and thus is often wasted. This study uses spent ginger as a substrate for fermentation and cultivates spent ginger yeast cultures (SGYCs) that are then added to the feed of laying hens. The effects of SGYCs on production performance, egg quality, serum composition, and intestinal microbiota of laying hens were investigated. Methods: Eighty 60-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were separated into 5 experimental groups with 4 replicates per group (4 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate). The control group was fed a basal diet while experimental groups were also given SGYCs at the levels of 5, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg for 6 weeks. Results: The addition of SGYCs significantly increased the laying rate and nutrient digestibility, decreased feed conversion ratio, and enhanced the color of egg yolks (p<0.05). No changes were observed in activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum (p>0.05), but the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxidase all significantly increased, and contents of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (p<0.05). In addition, changes in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes might be the main factor contributing to the significant increase in the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in laying hens (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current evidence shows that dietary supplementation of SGYCs to the feed of laying hens can improve laying rates, enhance antioxidative defenses, and influence dominant intestinal bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effects of the hot water extract of red garlic (RG) and RG-composites on fecal lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. Three different types of RG-composites prepared: RG and green tea (RGT), RG and dietary fiber (RGF), and RG, green tea, and dietary fiber (RGTF). Rats were divided into six groups: the control, the group fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFC), the RG-supplemented group (HRG), the RGT supplemented group (HRGT), the RGF supplemented group (HRGF), and the RGTF supplemented with HFC group (HRGTF). The antioxidant activity of these composites was tested, in vitro. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher RGT and RGTF than RG. ABTs radical scavenging activity of RGT was similar to RGTF. Their activities were significantly higher than RG. The reducing power was similar to their radical scavenging activities. Total lipid levels in the liver and triglyceride levels in the heart were lower in the groups fed RG-composites than the HRG group. Fecal total lipid level was higher in the HRGF and HRGTF groups than the HRG group after 4 weeks diet supplementation during 4 weeks. Lipid peroxide content was reduced to anywhere between 6.2% and 12.1% in the groups fed RG-composites, compared to the HFC group. Antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the groups fed RG-composites than the HFC group. Hepatic SOD activity was higher in the groups fed RG-composites than the HRG group. The HRGT group in catalase activity, and the HRGT and HRGTF groups in GSH-px activity were increased significantly compared to the HFC group. Hepatic UDPGT activity was increased significantly in the HRGT and HRGTF groups to the HFC group, as well. These results indicate that antioxidant activities of the RG-composites were related to the decrease of lipid levels by increasing the fecal excretion and enhancement of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.918-926
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• 2008

It is well known non-drug therapy for hypertension patients can reduce blood pressure. These types of therapy include maintaining ones ideal body weight, quitting smoking, consuming large amounts of fruits and vegetables consuming low levels of saturated fat and salt and regular exercise. Fermented milk protein derived biologically active peptides such as isoleucine-proline-proline_(IPP) or valine-proline-proline_(VPP) have been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. This study was conducted to investigate the antihypertensive effects of medical nutritional therapy _(MNT) in accordance with the consumption of fermented milk enriched with IPP and VPP. To accomplish this, we conducted a randomized case-controlled study of 43 subjects who had blood pressure levels greater than 120/80 mmHg. The subjects in the study group were randomly allocated into two groups, an MNT + fermented milk (100mL/day) group (n=21) and an MNT+L. helveticus fermented milk with tripeptides (IPP=2.2mg, VPP=2.6mg/100mL) group (n=22). The MNT included weight management, reduction of sodium, total fat and saturated fat intake, increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased intake of low fat dairy products. The treatments were administered for 12 weeks during which time no drug interventions were conducted. The daily intakes of total calories, fats, cholesterol and Na decreased significantly after 12 weeks of MNT in the control and the experimental groups. In addition, the systolic blood pressure de creased significantly in the control and experimental groups; however, the diastolic blood pressure only decreased significantly in the experimental group. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the intake of fermented milk containing IPP and VPP in conjunction with MNT exerted positive effects on the blood pressure of pre- and hypertensive subjects.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.819-826
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• 2006

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of cultured wild-ginseng powder or its fermented culture byproduct on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass and meat quality in finishing pigs. The animals used in the experiment were a total of 36 Landrace×Yorkshire and weighted 65.81±2.02kg. The experimental diets were basis diet, 2.5% wild-ginseng fermented culture byproduct of B. subtilis replaced lupin in basis diet and 0.2% cultured wild-ginseng powder replaced lupin in basis diet to CON, T1 and T2 for 60 days, respectively. The pigs were allotted at 4 pigs per pen with three replicate pens per treatment by completely randomized design. In growth performance, ADG was not significantly different between treatments. ADFI was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T1 and T2 than in CON. Feed/Gain was not different between treatments. In plasma's biochemical composition, total protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 than in CON. Blood urea nitrogen was not different between treatments. Glucose and albumin were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 than in other treatments. Calcium was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 than in CON. Inorganic phosphate was significantly higher in T1 than in other treatments. In plasma's lipid composition, triglyceride was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 than in other treatments. Total cholesterol was not different between treatments. HDL cholesterol was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 than in other treatments. In carcass and meat quality, carcass weight, dressing precent, meat precent and back-fat thickness were not significantly different between treatments. Moisture and crude fat were also not significantly different between treatments. The results indicate that growth performance, carcass and meat quality were not affected but plasma's biochemical and/or lipid composition were affected when replaced with wild-ginseng fermented culture byproduct of B. subtilis and cultured wild-ginseng. Our research indicates that wild-ginseng fermented culture byproduct of B. subtilis and cultured wild-ginseng powder were able to using with pig's diet in finishing period.