• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.94-96
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• 2000

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of enzyme(Endopower) into corn-soybean meal diet on the performance of broiler chicks. Three hundred sixty 3 day-old male broiler chicks(Ross) were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 30 birds per replicate and assigned at random to each of four treatment groups for two energy levels(3100 and 2980 kcal TMEn/kg) with 0 or 0.1% Endopower in the diet. The body weight gain of birds fed the low energy diet with 0% Endopower was lower significantly than the other groups(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in feed intake and feed conversion rate among the treatments. The relative sizes(% B. wt) of the liver and leg muscle were not different significantly among the treatments. The breast muscle weights of the low energy diet birds were higher than those of the high ones, and those of the lower energy group with 0.1% Endopower were highest. The intesinal lengths(cm/B.wt) of low energy diet group without Endopower were lower than those of the others. No significant differences in the relative jejunum and ileum weights were found, but % duodenum weights of high energy group were higher than those of the low energy group. The villi of the ileum of birds fed corn-soybean diet without Endopower were shortened and thickened compared to those of the birds fed with Endopower diet regardless of energy level. The results demonstrated that dietary Endopower improved body weight gain reduced abdominal fats and developed intestinal villi. Therefore it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of Endopower improves nutritive value of corn-soybean diet in broiler chicks.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enzyme-treated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of a high fat diet group (HF group), a high fat diet with 10% radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MA group), a high fat diet with 5% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MB group) and a high fat diet with 10% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MC group). Total dietary fiber content of enzyme-treated radish leaves were greater than untreated radish leaves. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) of the HF group increased compared to the MA, MB and MC groups. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index contents in the radish leaf powder-supplemented groups were lower than that of the HF group, while those values for the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than that of the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups increased compared to the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride contents of the MA, MB and MC groups decreased compared to the HF group. In fact, the hepatic triglyceride contents of the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than the MA group. The hepatic total cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol contents of the MA, MB and MC groups significantly increased compared to those of the HF group. These results indicate that supplementation with enzyme-treated radish leaves increase the useful fiber contents. Furthermore, it may have a pronounced impact on lipid metabolism of serum and liver in rats fed a high fat diet.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2003

Acanthopanax senticosus was grown by a novel, proprietary method, of culturing isolated cells in a bioreactor. An extract from the cells was evaluated for its effect on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n＝6) were fed either an AIN-76 diet (control, NDCon), control diet plus Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ND＋Ex), a modified AIN-76 diet supplemented with 20% beef tallow (high fat, HFCon), or a high fat diet plus Acanthopanax senticosus extract (HF＋Ex), for 5weeks. Body weight gain was significantly higher in the HFCon group than the NDCon group. Feed consumption was significantly lower, but energy intake higher, in the groups fed high fat diets compared with the groups fed control diets. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased but serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased in the groups fed the Acanthopanax senticosus extract. Abdominal fat accumulation and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the HFCon group than the other groups. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) mRNA levels were increased in the groups fed Acanthopanx senticosus extract. These results suggest that supplementation of cell cultured Acanthopanax senticosus extract regulates CPT-I mRNA levels in liver and has an effect on the normalization of lipids in rats fed a high fat diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.401-407
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• 2013

Two experiments were conducted to determine an optimum Lys:calorie ratio (g of total dietary Lys/Mcal of DE) for growing barrows and gilts in cool and hot seasons in a commercial environment. In Exp. 1, 96 barrows and 96 gilts were randomly allocated in 1 of 4 dietary treatments (2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6 g of Lys/Mcal of DE). Each treatment had 12 replicate pens with 4 pigs per pen. The experiment lasted for 34 d in the cool season (March 12th to April 15th). Diets were based on corn-wheat-soybean meal. Lys:calorie ratio were attained by adjusting the amount of corn and soybean and supplementation of crystalline Lys. Total Lys intake and available Lys intake were increased (p<.05) as dietary Lys:calorie ratio increased. The BUN concentration on d 34 for barrows, and BUN change for barrows and gilts linearly increased (p<0.05) in response to increasing dietary Lys:calorie ratio. For gilts, back fat was decreased and then increased (Quadratically, p<0.05) as increasing dietary lys:calorie ratio. Exp. 2 had a similar design as Exp. 1 with the exception that Exp. 2 was conducted in hot season (June 30th to September 11th) for 42 d. Diet of Exp. 2 was the same as Exp. 1. Total Lys intake and available Lys intake increased (p<0.05) as dietary Lys:calorie increased. On d 42, the BUN concentration increased (p<0.05) in response to the increasing dietary Lys:calorie ratio. In conclusion, dietary Lys:calorie ratio of 2.7 g of Lys/Mcal of DE could satisfy the requirement of 25 to 50 kg growing pigs. Increasing dietary Lys:calorie ratio could increase BUN concentration in growing pigs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 1999

The effects of Ganoderma Lucidum consumption (GL) on the liver function and lipid metabolic disorder induced by alcohol consuming were studied in rats using GL powder(1%, 2%, 4%) and 10% ethly alcohol. Thirty-five rats(Sprague-Dawley, male) were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for seven weeks. The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were the highest in the alcohol group, while the levels were apparently reduced by in groups fed GL. The atherogenic indices(AI) also tended to be higher in the alcohol group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities were significantly lower in body alcohol + 2% GL and alcohol + 4% GL groups, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities lower only in the alcohol + 2% GL compared with the alcohol group. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities were not significantly different among the groups. The elevated levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride due to alcohol consumption, were apparently reduced by GL supplementation. On microscopic observation of liver tissues, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, while fat droplets appeared only on the central vein in the alcohol + 1% GL group. However, in groups administered 2% and 4% GL, fat droplets appeared similar to the alcohol group. The concentrations of fecal bile acid were significantly increased in groups fed GL. These results indicate that GL exerted some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorder caused by long-term alcohol consumption. Thus, it seems that GL may be effective in preventing or curing some aspects of alcohol toxicity. More detailed studies are needed in order to determine proper dietary levels of GL for combating alcohol toxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.786-793
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• 2004

Women with menopause or rats with ovariectomy is associated with increased body weight, body fat and insulin resistance, which are components of metabolic syndrome. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, since mitochondrial oxidative and phosphorylation activity is strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity. Although estradiol replacement prevents the metabolic syndrome, harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage to prevent the metabolic syndrome. It has been reported that genistein has a mild estrogenic activity, decreases fat mass in mice and has an antidiabetic role in diabetic rats. Although insulin resistance is closely related to mitochondrial functions, there has not been yet any study in regard to the effect of dietary genistein on mitochondrial function in the insulin resistant female subjects induced by ovariectomy or similar situation. The present study investigated whether the supplementation of genistein in the high fat diet affected the mitochondrial function of high fat fed ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were assigned to the following groups: sham-operated+ high fat diet (S, n=6); sham-operated + high fat diet with 0.1% genistein (S + G, n=7); ovariectomized + high fat diet (OVX, n=8); ovariectomized + high fat diet with 0.1% genistein (OVX+ G, n=8). Ovariectomy significantly increased body weight compared with S group. Genistein consumption in ovariectomized (OVX + G) rats decreased body weight gain compared with OVX rats. Liver weights were increased by ovariectomy. The hepatic mitochondrial protein density expressed as mg per g liver was lower in the OVX group than in the S group. However, OVX + G group showed the increased mitochondrial protein density similar to the level of S group. When mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondria such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COX III) were measured, there were decreases in the mRNA levels of PGC-1 and COX III in S + G, OVX and OVX + G group. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase was not different between groups. We could observe the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity per g liver in OVX rats. Genistein supplement increased SDH activity. In conclusion, genistein supplementation to the OVX rats enhanced mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial protein density and SDH activity. The improvement in mitochondrial function by genistein can contribute to the improvement in metabolic syndrome.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2006

Although garlic has been reported to have impressive effects in lowering serum lipids, there have been controversial evaluations on these effects. To find the potential fator causing the inconsistency in the previous studies, we examined the effects of two types of garlic according to the producing-area (hangihyung garlic, nangihyung garlic) on serum lipid profiles and leptin level. Thirthy six of 4 wk old Sprague Dawley male rats fed high fat diet (40% of calories as fat) for 6 wks to induce obesity, and subsequently fed 5% garlic powder supplemented (HF+H: hangihyung garlic powder, HF+N: nangihyung garlic powder) high fat diets (w/w) for further 5 wk. For the comparison, normal control group fed AIN-76A diet (11.7% of calories as fat). Supplementation with hangihyung and nangihyung garlic resulted in a significant reduction of high fat induced body weight gain, white fat (i.e., epididymal, visceral and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy and the development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperliptinemia. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol level was greatly reduced by hangihyung garlic supplementation (p<0.05). The HDL-cholesterol level was increased by dietary hangihyung and nangihyung garlic. There were slight non-significant decreases in triglyceride and total cholesterol of HF+N group as compared to those of HF group. Leptin level of HF+H group was found to be significantly lower than HF group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among N group and HF+N group. These results suggest that hangihyung garlic may lead to the higher activity in improving lipid profiles than nangihyung garlic. Whether the hypolipidemic effect of garlic increases in a species-dependent has yet to be determined and awaits further research.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.695-704
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary crude protein(CP) level and supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) on growth performances and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs. The experiment was designed using protein levels(11.3%, 16.0%) and CLA levels(0%, 2.5%) according to 2×2 factorial design. A total of forty-eight pigs [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] with an average initial weight of 79±1kg were allotted to one of four dietary treatments. Each treatment had four replications of three pigs per replicate. Final body weight(P<0.05) and average daily gain(P<0.01) were lower in 11.3% CP treatments than in 16.0% CP treatments, while feed/gain was high(P<0.01) in 11.3% CP treatments compared with 16.0% CP treatments. Carcass weight was lighter in 11.3% CP treatments(P<0.001) and CLA 2.5% treatments(P<0.01) than in 16.0% CP and CLA 0% treatments, respectively. A significant interaction between CP and CLA on carcass weight was observed(P<0.01), where supplementation of 2.5% CLA to finishing diets decreased carcass weight in 16.0% CP treatments, while no difference was found in 11.3% CP treatments. Backfat thickness was thinner in 11.3% CP treatments and CLA 2.5% treatments than in 16.0% CP and CLA 0% treatments, respectively(P<0.05). A significant interaction between CP and CLA on backfat thickness was observed(P<0.001), where supplementation of 2.5% CLA to finishing diets decreased backfat thickness in 16.0% CP treatments, while no difference was found in 11.3% CP treatments. Marbling score and intramuscular fat contents were higher in 11.3% CP treatments than in 16.0% CP treatments(P<0.01). In conclusion, feeding of protein-deficient diets in finishing pigs could produce favorable pork with high marbling score and thinner backfat. On the other hand, supplementation of CLA was considered to decrease backfat thickness when diets with optimal level of crude protein were fed to finishing pigs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.323-335
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• 1994

The present study was carried out in normocholesterolemic New Zealand white(NZW) rabbit, to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Korean pinenut oil, on plasma lipids, plasma lipoproteins, liver lipids and platelet aggregation. NZW rabbits were fed for 80 days on a commercial chow diet supplemented with 5% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) or 10% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil). A control group was fed a commercial stock diet. There were no significant effects of pinenut oil on plasma free cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, as compared with those obtained from rabbits fed the soybean oil diet. After 80 days, the concentration of plasma free fatty acid in only the pinenut oil group was significantly decreased by about 50% relative to the control diet. At the end of the dietary treatment, liver triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly decreased in the pinenut oil group, compared to the how diet, whereas the soybean oil-consuming rabbits had only significantly decreased phospholipid levels. Cholesterol contents of liver were unaffected by type of dietary fat. At the end of 80 days, a diet containing pinenut oil resulted in a decrease in apolipoprotein B and the apo B/apo AI ratio as compared with the stock diet or soybean oil diet. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen or arachidonic acid was depressed significantily in pinenut oil diet.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.330-336
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of a green seaweed Capsosiphon fulvescens extract (CFE) on the serum, liver tissue, and fecal cholesterol levels in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (four weeks old) were given on of three diets for four weeks: basal, high cholesterol, and CFE, The total serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels in the CFE group were significantly decreased compared to those in the cholesterol group. The CFE group showed increased amounts of feces, total fecal bile acid and dietary fiber as compared to basal and cholesterol group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fat droplets in the livers of the rats in the cholesterol group; however, a decreased number of droplets was observed in the rats fed the CFE diet. Our results suggest that CFE supplementation may improve lipid metabolism, by controling serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels, and by increasing the total amounts of bile acid, dietary fiber and cholesterol excretion in feces.