• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to bone mineral contents (BMC) at os calcis of adolescents. The subjects were 604 students (327 boys and 277 girls) between 7th and 9th grade in Seoul, Korea. The mean age was 14.2 ${\pm}$ 0.9 years. General characteristics were collected by a questionnaire, bone mineral contents (BMC) were measured in os calcis by Duel Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (PIXI, General Electronics, USA) and height and weight were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean BMC of os calsis were 2.241 g. Height (p <.0001), weight (p <.0001I), BMC (p <.0001I) ofboys were higher than those of girls. Percent body fat of girls, however, was higher than that of boys (p <.0001). Anthropometric measurement, pocket money, sibling, experience of fracture, pubertal stage, intake of supplements, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of boys. Anthropometric measurement, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of girls. Multivariate regression with adjustment for sex and age showed that BMC was associated positively with height, BMI, frequency of regular activity, and intake of spinach or radish leaves (all p <0.05), and negatively with percent body fat (p <.0000 and Korean traditional diet pattern (p = 0.01). On the basis of these results, it is recommended to develop nutrition education and physical activity program for adolescents to improve BMC and prevent osteoporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2008

Ixeris sonchifolia Hance (Godulbaegi), Oenanthe javanica (Dolminari), Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Buckwheat>, Hizikia fusiforme (Seaweed Fusiforme) and Zingiber ojficinale Roscoe (Ginger) have been used respectively as one of folk remedies as well as food materials. However, reportedly few studies on their immunomodulating effects have been made, although it has been known from other preceding studies that the ex vivo supplementation of each Ish, OJ, Fem, Hf, Zor water extracts tends to enhance the proliferation of splenocyte in comparison to the control group. This study on the combined immunomodulative effect of water extract mixture of these five food materials (Ish + Oj + Fem +Hf+Zor) lasted covering seven or eight weeks. The old mice (balb/c) was fed ad libitum on chow diet, and the water extract of plant mixture was orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg B.W) . After preparing the single cell suspension, the proliferation of splenocyte was determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. The production of cytokine ($IL-{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$) which was secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not was detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. After the 48 hours of incubation with the mitogen (ConA or LPS) stimulation, the proliferation of the mice splenocyt in the experimental group statisticaly increased at both of two different concentrations in comparison to the control group. The cytokines production was more significantly enhanced at the lower supplementation (50 mg/kg B.W.) group than at the higher concentration (500 mg/kg B.W.). The result of this study may suggest that the supplementation of water extract of plant mixture can regulate and enhance the immune function by increasing the splenocyte proliferation and regulating the cytokine production capacity by the activated macrophages in mice.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1013-1022
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of silkworm droppings(SWD) added diet feeding on chemical composition of pork loin meat. Pigs were divided into 7 treatment groups(10 pigs/group) and subjected to one of seven treatment diets(O, 1 0/0, 2 0/0, 3% SWD for 4 weeks, 1 0/0, 2 0/0, 3% SWD for 8 weeks, SWD diets; total fed diets) before slaughter. Pork loin were collected from the animals(1l0 kg body weight) slaughtered at a commercial slaughter house. Pork loin meat were aerobic packaged and then stored at$4^{\circ}C$ for 2, 5, 8, or 12 days. Samples were analyzed for TBARS, sensory evaluation, myoglobin content, fatty acid composition, amino acid and mineral content. TBARS value was not significantly different between the control and SWD treatment groups. Myoglobin content of SWD fed group pork was significantly increased than that of control group(P<0.05). Marbling score and acceptability were increased in SWD fed pork compared to those in control pork. Na, Mg, Ca, Mn and Fe content of SWD fed group pork was significantly decreased than those of control group(P<0.05). P content was significantly increased than that of control group(P< 0.05). In the change of amino acid composition, the contents of aspartic acid, serine and tyrosine were decreased by dietary SWD-supplementation, whereas the SWD-supplementation resulted in the higher glutamic acid, alanine and isoleucine. As dietary SWD was increased in feed, the content of oleic acid was significantly increased, but stearic acid was significantly decreased(P<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the level of cracked whole barley on daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, carcass characteristics and meat composition of finishing Hanwoo steers (feeding from 24 months to 30 months of age). The dietary treatments were consisted of five types (C; normal concentrate as a basal diet, T1; 10% addition of cracked whole barley, T2; 20% addition of cracked whole barley, T3; 30% addition of cracked whole barley, T4; 40% addition of cracked whole barley). A total 30 Hanwoo steers (588.6${\pm}$11.8kg) were allocated to 5 feeding groups. The daily feed intake and daily body weight gain were high in the order of T2 > T3 >T4 > T1 > C. The back fat thickness and longissmus muscle area were highest in C and T1, respectively (P<0.05) than other treatments. The meat yield index decreased with increased back fat thickness. The marbling score and meat quality were highest in T1 (P<0.01, 0.05, respectively), but maturity, fat color and meat color were not significantly different among treatments. The crude fat was highest in T1 (17.59%), while in T4 (7.47%) it was lowest (P<0.05). The crude protein and crude ash were not significantly different among treatments. The energy value of cracked whole barley treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4) was higher than C (P<0.05). The contents of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mo, Na and Zn were higher in C than the other treatments (P<0.01), but Co was higher in T2 (P<0.01). The CIE $L^*$ value of whole cracked barley treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4) was higher than C, however there were not differences among the treatments. The CIE $a^*$ value was highest in T1(P<0.05) than others. The CIE $b^*$ value was highest in C and it was decreased with increased feeding of cracked whole barley. Based on the above results, T1 treatment compared to other treatments improved the carcass quality parameters like loin muscle area, marbling score, meat quality, and CIE $L^*$ value.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2013

This study was conducted to elucidate the characteristics of equine meat traits and to evaluate the utilization of dried-citrus pulp abundantly produced in Jeju Island as feed ingredient in the diet of finished meat horses. Treatment groups consisted of wheat bran (A) and the dried-pellet mixture of citrus pulp (20%) and wheat bran (80%) (B). Feeding of agricultural by-products were 2 times in a day at the level of 1.5% of body weights. Water and dried-grass forage was not restricted. The average daily gain was similar in both groups. Feed conversion of treatment B showed lower level than that of A. Carcass rate of B was relatively lower than that of A, but meat yield grade of B was higher than that of A. For meat color traits, $L^*$ of B was lighter than that of A, and $b^*$ of group B was lower than that of group A. From the analysis of physical characteristics of equine meats, shearing force had decreased in the treatment B but the levels of drip loss and water holding cavity had increased in the treatment B compared to A. The level of crude fat is lower in the treatment B than the treatment A. For the mineral contents, the treatment B showed higher levels of Ca, K, Mg, Cu and Mn than that of A. For the fatty acid contents, the treatment B showed increased levels of stearic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and arachidonic acid compared to A. Consequently, these results suggested that dried-citrus pulp might be utilized as replacement material for equine forage. Please rewrite the whole abstract and should include all required information. Before resubmission, please check it again from a native colleague in your group.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 2008

The effects of various levels of dietary dried whole crop of kale (0.1%, 0.3%), dried peel of kale (0.3%), dried whole crop of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.1%, 0.3%), and peel of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.3%) in egg-laying performance were studied with 560 ISA brown layers for a period of 12 weeks. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in egg production, feed intake and egg mass. The quality of egg and eggshell were not different among treatments but egg yolk color was improved in the both of whole crop and peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz). Vitamin and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration of eggs increased in treatments compared to control but were not significantly different from controls. In conclusion, dried peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz) supplementation in laying hens diet improved egg yolk color, and improve vitamin concentration of chicken eggs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.911-918
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Saururus chinensis Baill extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, electrolyte (Na, K, CI) concentration and lipid metabolism in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced hyperglycemic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group (group NSW), STZ (I.P.)+Saururus chinensis Baill leaf 3.5 g% extract group (group NSSL) and STZ (I.P.)+Saururus chinensis Baill root 3.5 g% extract group (group NSSR) than those in the control group (group Normal, basal diet+water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were remarkably lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than those in the NSW, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the groups NSSL and NSSR were significantly higher than in the group NSW. Electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in serum were significantly lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than those in the group NSW. The activities of aminotransferase (AST, ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were remarkably lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than in the hyperglycemic group NSW. However, no significance was found in the comperative effect of the groups NSSL and NSSR. From the above results, it was suggested that Saururus chinensis Baill was effective in the improvement of the blood glucose, electrolyte, glucide and lipid metabolism in serum of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 1993

To define the effects of various levels $(0\~1.5\%)$ of dietary n-3HUFA on the physiological changes in the Korean rockfish, variations in blood variables and hepatocytes were studied. Biochemical serum analyses, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the liver cytosol and ATPase activity of the liver microsomal membrane were also studied. The haematological values (red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, MCV and MCH) were not significantly different in the experimental groups $(P\geq0.05)$. The total protein and glucose levels in the serum were affected by dietary n-3HUFA levels. These levels in groups fed n-3HUFA insufficient diets were significantly lower than those of n-3HUFA sufficient groups (P<0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetatic transaminase (GOT) showed significantly higher values in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets (P<0.05). The LDH in the serum was dropped with increasing dietary n-3HUFA levels, but the LDH activity of the liver cytosol was elevated. Histologically, the hepatic cell in the fish fed n-3HUFA free diet was abnormal and showed a necrotic condition. $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of the liver microsomal membrane were significantly lower in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets than in those fed n-3HUFA sufficient diets (p<0.005). These results suggested that the liver cell membrane was affected by dietary fatty acid compositions and cell membrane of the fish fed n-3HUFA insufficient diets showed abnormalities.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate extruded pellets (EP) for growth of adult flounder by comparing with raw fish-based moist pellet (MP). Two replicate groups of 150 fish per each tank (initial mean weight 329 g) were fed one of seven EP (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, EP5, EP6 and EP7) and a MP for 8 months. Survival of fish fed the MP was not significantly different from that of fish fed the EP1, EP5 and EP7, but significantly higher than that of fish fed the EP2, EP3, EP4 and EP6 (P<0.05). Weight gain of fish fed the MP was significantly lower than that of fish fed the EPI (P<0.05), but not significantly different from that of fish fed EP2, EP3, EP4, EP5, EP6 and EP7. Feed efficiency of fish fed the MP was significantly lower than EP1, EP3, EP4, EP5 and EP6 (P<0.05), but not significantly different from that of fish fed EP2 and EP7 Feed supply (kg/tank) of fish fed the MP was significantly higher than that of fish fed all EP (P<0.05). Condition factor of fish fed the MP was not significantly different from that of fish fed all EP. The contents of moisture, crude protein and lipid in dorsal muscle and whole body was not significantly different among the groups. It is concluded that the dietary formulation used in the EP1, EP3, TP4, EP5 and EP6 can be applied in the practical extruded pellet feeds for adult flounder (329-680g).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the developmental characteristics and life cycle of sciarid fly (Lycoriella sp.), an important mushroom pest. The sciarid fly was reared ina growth chamber at 21$\pm$$1^{\circ}C$ and 55$\pm$5% of relative humidity with a 16h high, 8h dark cycle and Flammulina velutipes was used at diet. The egg was oval with 0.17 mm in diameter and 0.27 mm in length. Average egg period was 4 days. Body length of each instar from the 1st to 3rd was 0.7, 1.5, and 4.5, mm. respectively. Average weight of each instar was 1.9, 15.4 and 93.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. In the 4th instar larvae, however, developmental characteristics of female and male became different by body length, weight and segment size. Body length and weight of the 4th instar female larvae were 5 mm and 162$\mu\textrm{g}$, and those of the male larvae were 3.5 mm and 90 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. The larval periods of female and male were respectively 13.5 and13 days. Pupal length of female and male was 3.5 and 2.7 mm, and average weight was 136 $\mu\textrm{g}$ and 6.5$\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. Adults were emerged from female and male pupae on 5.5 and on 5 days after pupation, respectively. Average longevity of male and female were 7 and 5 days, respectively. The weight of female was two-fold heavier than the male. After copulation, female laid approximately 130 to 150 eggs on/in the sporophore of mushroom. In conclusion, total lifespan of male and female were 29 and 28 days, respectively.