• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.861-876
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to get fundamental information about the normal ultrasonogram of the liver and heart in Korean native cattle and calves. The interventricular septum, left ventricular internal diameter, left ventricular free wall thickness, aortic diameter, left atrial diameter, and right ventricular internal diameter of hear in 10 Korean native calves were determined at 4-5 right intercostal spare by use of ultrasonography. The caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder, liver of 9 Korean native cattle and 10 calves were determined at 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spares by use of ultrasonography. Cursor-directed M-mode and gray-scale, B-mode ultrasonograms were obtained with electronic scanning ultrasound equipment with a 3.5 or 5.0-MHz convex transducer. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The result of ultrasonographic examination of the korean native calves' heart 1) Interventricular septum in systole and diastole was 1.23 and 0.81 cm, respectively(vc=28.84, 17.4). 2) Ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole was 2.50 and 4.91 cm, respectively(vc=17.44, 12.73). 3) Left ventricular free was thickness in systole and diastole was 1.44 and 0.92 cm, respectively(vc=26.85, 23.54). 4) Aortic diameter was 2.69.m, .rspectevely(vc=11.29). 5) Left atrial diameter was 1.82 cm(vc=15.31). 6) Right ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole was 1.12 and 1.9 cm, respectively(vc=33.71, 24.43). 3. Ultrasonographic measurments of caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder of Korean native calves 1) Dorsal margin of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 13.5, 15.3 and 18.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Depth of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 cm, respectively. 3) Diameter of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 11.6, 1.7 and 1.6 cm, respectively. 4) Dorsal margin of portal vein at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 16.2, 18.6 and 21.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01) 5) Depth of portal vein at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spare was 4.5, 4.4 and 3.9 cm respectively. 6) Diameter of portal vein at the 13, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 2.1, 2.2 and 1.9 cm respectively. 7) Dorsal margin of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 23.6 and 23.9 cm, respectively(p<0.01), 8) Longitudinal diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 7.1 and 5.9 cm, respectively(p<0.05). 9) Transverse diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 2.4 and 2.1 cm respectively(p<0.01). 3. Ultrasonographic measurments of caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder of Korean native cattle 1) Dorsal margin of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 22.2, and 25.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 2) Depth of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 103 and 11.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Diameter of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 3.1 and 3.0 cm, respectively. 4) Dorsal margin of portal vein at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 29.3 and 32.9 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 5) Depth of portal vein at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 9.6, and 9.2 cm, respectively. 6) Diameter of portal vein at the 12 and lith intercostal space was 3.4 and 3.3 cm, respectively. 7) Dorsal margin of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 43.1 and 45.5 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 8) Longitudinal diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 10.1 and 9.4 cm, respectively. 9) Transverse diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 4.0 and 3.7 cm, respectively. 4, Ultrasonogaphic measurments of dorsal margin, ventral margin, size and angles of the Korean native calves' liver. 1) Dorsal margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 11.0, 9.6, and 12.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 2) Ventral margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spate was 20, 24 and 26.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Size of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 9.0, 14.6 and 13.8 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 4) Angle of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 40, 46 and 37, respectively(p<0.01). 5. Ultrasonographic measurmants of dorsal margin, ventral margin, size and anglses of the korean native cattle's liver 1) Dorsal margin of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 14.4, 18.2 and 26, 3 cm, respectively. 2) Ventral margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 41.1, 46.4 and 49.3 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Size of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 26.8, 28.2 and 23.2 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 4) Angel of liverat the 15, 11 and 10 intercostal space was 41, 40.6 and 35.7, respectively(p<0.05). It was concluded that the ultrasonographic values oletermined in this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the hear and liver in korean native calves, and in the liver in korean native rattle.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.361-364
• /
• 1979

The first Mitral Commissurotomy was performed for tight mitral stenosis on March 1957. The patient was at that time 22-year-old male, student. The longest follow 9p for 22 years and 8 months has been obtained. During the follow up period, late deterioration due to restenosis developed 4 years after initial good result and reoperation was succeeded by transventricular Mitral Valvotomy with Tubb`s ilator on April 1964. The possible cause of restenosis was attributed to recurrent rheumatic activity. After more than 13 years long-good life following 2nd operation, Endocarditis such as episode of high fever & chill intermittently followed by mild fever and night sweat, I t. tibial artery embolization and rupture of aortic cusp. At present, patient complained of no subjective symptom, enjoying ordinary life {NYHA II]. Blood pressure has been 110/50-60 mmHg, trivial diastolic murmur at apex and moderate degree of mechanical murmur on diastole at Erb`s rea. Neither signs of RVH for mitral stenosis nor sign of LVH. ST-T change for aortic regurgitation appeared yet during last 2 yrs. The patient`s are for prevention of Rheumatic activity and development of endocarditis is important for obtaining the better long-term result.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한자기공명의과학회 2003년도 제8차 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.45-45
• /
• 2003

To evaluate remodeling of infarcted myocardium with contrast-enhanced MRI (co-MRI) at true end-diastole (ED) MRI was performed with a Gyroscan Intera (1.5 Tesla, Philips, Netherlands) in 13 patients with acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. The First exam was done 0-15 days (mean 5.2days) after symptom onset and the second exam 28-88days (mean 49 days) after the first exam. Ce-MRI encompassing the entire left ventricle was performed with a multi-shot, turbo-field-echo, breath-hold sequence and a non-selective, inversion prepulse 10 minutes after the intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA at a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg body weight. To allow the long TD, ECG synchronization should use two RR-intervals for one acquisition of a segment of k-space by setting the heart rate to half that of the true heart rate. Trigger delay time (TD) was adjusted to the RR-interval for true end-diastolic imaging. The other typical parameters were TR=5.4ms, TE=1.6ms, voxel size=1.37${\times}$1.37${\times}$10mm, k-space data segmented into 8 segments with 32 lines of segment per two cycles over 16 cardiac circles. The thickness of hyperenhanced myocardium and epicardially nonenhanced myocardium were followed.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한자기공명의과학회 2003년도 제8차 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.92-92
• /
• 2003

To evaluate remodeling of infarcted myocardium with contrast-enhanced MRI (co-MRI) at true end-diastole (ED) MRI was performed with a Gyroscan Intera (1.5 Tesla, Philips, Netherlands) in 13 patients with acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. The First exam was done 0-15 days (mean 5.2days) after symptom onset and the second exam 28-88days (mean 49 days) after the first exam. Ce-MRI encompassing the entire left ventricle was peformed with a multi-shot, turbo-field-echo, breath-hold sequence and a non-selective, inversion prepulse 10 minutes after the intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA at a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg body weight. To allow the long TD, ECG synchronization should use two RR-intervals for one acquisition of a segment of k-space by setting the heart rate to half that of the true heart rate. Trigger delay time (TD) was adjusted to the RR-interval for true end-diastolic imaging. The other typical parameters were TR=5.4ms, TE=1.6ms, voxel size=1.37$\times$1.37$\times$10mm, k-space data segmented into 8 segments with 32 lines of segment per two cycles over 16 cardiac cycles. The thickness of hyperenhanced myocardium and epicardially nonenhanced myocardium were followed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.109-112
• /
• 1997

The Hydrodynamic performance of the trileaflet polymer prosthetic valves depends on the design of the leaflet and the physical properties of the leaflet membrane. In order to study the effect of leaflet membrane elasticity on the hemodynamic performance of trileaflet prosthetic valve, leaflet membranes are manufactured using two different polymers - Biospan and Tecoflex SG-93A. The hemodynamic performance parameters are measured under steady and physiological pulsatile flow, and compared with monoleaflet polymer valve(floating valve) and bileaflet mechanical valve(St. Jude Medical valve). Well designed trileaflet valve shows the lowest mean pressure drop among the tested valves. The trileaflet valves with Biospan membrane show lower pressure drop and back low comparing to those with Tecoflex membrane. More elastic membrane may provide wide opening area during systole and close membrane ree edge contact during diastole. Durability of trileaflet valves are also tested in vitro. Trileaflet valves with non-uniform membrane thickness ail within 17 days because of stress concentration. Trileaflet polymer valves with uniform membrane thickness perform well over 55 days without failure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2002

The arterial stenosis related to the intimal thickening of the arterial wall is the main cause of many diseases in human cardiovascular system. Hemodynamic behavior of the blood flow is influenced by the presence of the arterial stenosis. In this study, effects of the pulsatile flow, caused by the periodic motion of the heart, on the blood flow and its interaction with the arterial stenosis are analyzed by the FEM-based computational fluid dynamics. As a result, it was found that the characteristics of the pulsatile flow in the artery with stenosis are quite different from those of the steady flow. And, the pulsatile flow condition affects the wall shear stress, which is one of the most important physiological parameters in the hemodynamics.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 1996

This paper presents a Neural Network Identification(NNI) method for modeling of highly complicated nonlinear and time varing human system with a pneumatically driven mock circulatory system of Left Ventricular Assist Device(LVAD). This system consists of electronic circuits and pneumatic driving circuits. The initiation of systole and the pumping duration can be determined by the computer program. The line pressure from a pressure transducer inserted in the pneumatic line was recorded System modeling is completed using the adaptively trained backpropagation learning algorithms with input variables, heart rate(HR), systole-diastole rate(SDR), which can vary state of system. Output parameters are preload, afterload which indicate the systemic dynamic characteristics. Consequently, the neural network shows good approximation of nonlinearity, and characteristics of left Ventricular Assist Device. Our results show that the neural network leads to a significant improvement in the modeling of highly nonlinear Left Ventricular Assist Device.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2019

Morphologic changes or functional impairments of the papillary muscle (PM) can influence mitral valve competence. The purpose of this study was to investigate PM size and contractile function using two-dimensional and color tissue Doppler echocardiography in normal dogs. 35 unsedated Beagle dogs without cardiovascular disease were examined. The vertical (VD) and horizontal diameter (HD) of the posterior and anterior PM was measured at end-diastole, and compared with the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd). Longitudinal systolic movement of the PM was quantified as myocardial velocity and strain using tissue Doppler. The VD, HD, and ratios (VD/LVPWd, HD/LVPWd, VD/HD) were significantly greater in the posterior than anterior PM (P < 0.001). The VD and HD of posterior PM and the HD of anterior PM were significantly correlated with LVPWd (r = 0.47, 0.44, and 0.42, respectively). Body weight was significantly correlated with VD of posterior PM (r = 0.37). The peak systolic tissue velocity of the PM was $4.93{\pm}1.25cm/sec$ and peak strain was $-30.83{\pm}11.92%$. PM size and systolic function can be quantitatively assessed using two-dimensional and tissue Doppler. The establishment of these objective PM measurements may be useful to evaluate morphological and functional abnormalities of the canine PM.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2006

Two litonotid ciliates collected from the freshwater habitats in Korea were identified as Loxophyllum meleagris ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1773) and Siroloxophyllum utriculariae (Penard, 1922). The description was based on the observation of living and protargol impregnated specimens, and biometric analysis. Their diagnostic characteristics are as follows. L. meleagris; $163-480\times80-100{\mu}m$ in vivo, body shape lancet or knife-like; dorsal margin with 10-19 extrusome warts; 8-35 macronuclei nodules, like a string of bead; 16-21 somatic kineties on right side (including perioral kinety 2, 3) and 6-11 on left side (including perioral kinety 1); 1 contractile vacuole located at posterior part at diastole stage, extending along the dorsal margin toward anterior end with a single long narrow canal. S. utriculariae; $110-170\times78-150{\mu}m$ in vivo, body shape lancet like; dorsal margin without extrusome warts; 2 macronuclei, spherical; 12-19 somatic kineties on right side, 3-7 on left side (including perioral kinety 1); 2-3 contractile vacuoles, first one located anterior ventrally, second one located posterior dorsally and last one located near posterior end of cell.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.224-236
• /
• 1999

배경: 역동적 심근성형술에서 골격근 수축에 의한 단기 혈역학적 변화를 관찰하고 이에 미치는 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이를 위해 20-30kg 사이의 한국산 잡견 10마리를 두 그룹으로 나눠 심장 상태를 정상과 심부전 상태로 구분하였고 골격근 상태도 활성도 및 수축력의 차이가 나도록 구분하였다. 그룹 A에서는 5마리의 정상 심장상태의 실험견에 심근성형술을 시행한 뒤 8주후 혈역학 검사를 실시하였고, 그룹 B에서는 5마리의 실험견에 8주동안 매주 1 mg/kg의 doxorubicin을 주입하여 만성 심부전 상태를 만들면서 동시에 좌측 광배근의 사전 조건화를 위한 근육훈련을 한후 심근성형술을 시행하고 바로 혈역학 검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 그룹 A의 정상 심장 상태에서 광배근 수축으로 평균 우심방 압력을 제외한 나머지 좌심실 혈역학 지수에는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 그룹 B에서는 광배근 수축으로 심박출량(cardiac output; CO)은 16.7$\pm$7.2%, 좌심실 압력발생 속도(positive pressure development rate of left ventricle; dp/dt)는 9.3$\pm$3.2%, 일회 심박출량(stroke volume; SV)은 16.8$\pm$8.6%, 좌심실 박출작업량(left ventricular stroke work; SW)은 23.1$\pm$9.7% 증가하였고, 좌심실 이완기말압(left ventricular end-diastole pressure; LVEDP)은 32.1$\pm$4.6%, 평균 폐동맥쐐기압(mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; mPCWP)은 17.7$\pm$9.1% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 그룹 A에서 imipramine을 7.5 mg/kg/hour의 속도로 34$\pm$2.6분 투여하여 CO이 17.5$\pm$2.7%, 좌심실 수축기압(left ventricular systolic pressure)이 15.8$\pm$2.5% 감소하고 LVEDP가 54.3$\pm$15.2% 증가한 일시적 급성 심부전 상태를 유도한 뒤(p<0.05), 이 상태에서 광배근을 자극하였더니 CO은 4.5$\pm$1.8%, dp/dt는 3.1$\pm$1.1%, SV는 5.7$\pm$3.6%, SW는 6.9$\pm$4.4% 증가하였고, LVEDP는 11.7$\pm$4.7% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그룹 A의 급성 심부전 상태와 그룹 B의 만성 심부전 상태에서 모두 광배근 수축으로 변화한 CO, dp/dt, SV, SW, LVEDP 같은 좌심실 혈역학 지표들의 변화의 폭을 비교하면 그룹 B에서 그룹 A에서보다 더 컸다(p<0.05). 그룹 A에서 유도된 급성 심부전 상태와 그룹 B의 만성 심부전 상태가 CO, dp/dt, SV, SW, LVEDP 같은 좌심실 혈역학 지표들 면에서 통계학적으로 차이가 없고(p>0.05), 육안적으로 광배근을 관찰하였을 때 그룹 A에서는 광배근의 유착 및 염증소견이 모두에서 있었고 그중 2마리에서는 광배근의 수축을 목격할 수 없었던 반면, 그룹 B에서는 5마리 모두에서 광배근이 활발하게 수축하였다는 점을 함께 고려하면 그룹 B에서의 더 큰 증폭 효과가 광배근의 활성도 및 수축력의 차이로부터 기인한다고 평가할 수 있다. 결론: 이상에서 역동적 심근성형술의 수축기 혈역학적 변화는 심부전 상태에서만 긍정적인 개선 효과를 나타내며, 그 효과의 극대화를 위해서는 근육의 수축력을 유지하는 것이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다.