• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2017

If a virtual knot diagram can be transformed to another virtual one by a finite sequence of crossing changes, Reidemeister moves and virtual moves then the two virtual knot diagrams are said to be homotopic. There are infinitely many homotopy classes of virtual knot diagrams. We give necessary conditions by using polynomial invariants of virtual knots for two virtual knots to be homotopic. For a sequence S of crossing changes, Reidemeister moves and virtual moves between two homotopic virtual knot diagrams, we give a lower bound for the number of crossing changes in S by using the affine index polynomial introduced in [13]. In [10], the first author gave the q-polynomial of a virtual knot diagram to find Reidemeister moves of virtually isotopic virtual knot diagrams. We find how to apply Reidemeister moves by using the q-polynomial to show homotopy of two virtual knot diagrams.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.193-209
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• 1999

Developing Information Systems is a process of decomposing the entire systems into sub systems and identifying a hierarchical structure among the sub systems. Diagrammatic representation of hierarchy is an essential part of systems development since the identified hierarchical structures are usually presented in diagrams. The main goal of this research is to identify the most effective ways of representing system structures using diagrams. In order to achieve the main goal, this study performed three phases of research. In the first step, a theoretical model was constructed to conceptually explain users' comprehension on diagrams. Then visual factors of diagrammatic representations were identified based on the diagrams used in systems development. Finally, three consecutive experiments were conducted to identify the impacts of visual factors on the level of users' comprehension. The results indicate that familiarity and affordance of diagrams affect the degree of comprehension about the diagrams, which is in turn influenced by the complexity of tasks and the types of hierarchies. This paper concludes with the limitations of the study results and implications in the development of information systems.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Recently, with the advent of the software-based society, many organizations have been providing software developing education, such as coding, to Computer Science majors and non-Computer Science majors. When implementing a program, teachers can let students draw a variety of diagrams, such as flowcharts, UML diagrams, and ERD diagrams ahead. As the importance of computational thinking is increasingly emphasized, abstracting algorithms into diagrams is considered an important educational element. In this paper, we examined the visual literacy and abstract/concrete way of thinking of novice programmers in order to analyze factors affecting the abstraction process of drawing diagrams, and how they influence students' ability to understand diagrams and ability to draw. If we understand what factors influence the abstraction process in this study, we can suggest educational alternatives for future strategies in which teachers will teach students.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2009

We show that if two virtual link diagrams which are normal are equivalent under generalized Reidemeister moves, then they are equivalent under generalized Reidemeister moves preserving the normality of diagrams.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that the diagrams of liver from MingTangZangFuTu (明堂臟腑圖) were derived from ZangFu diagrams (臟腑圖) before northern Song Ages. Methods : The difference of form of liver was analyzed by means of 4 factors, e.g. shape, number, veins and a petiole of leafs, in diagrams from YanLuoZiNeiJingTu [煙蘿子內境圖], OuXiFanWuZangTu [歐希範五臟圖], CunZhenTu [存眞圖], MingTangZangFuTu and ones of liver from Taoism and MingTangZangFuTu. Results : Diagrams of whole body and liver from MingTangZangFuTu were first found in ZhenJiuJuYing (鍼灸聚英). Among them, lobed shape was first found in YanLuoZiNeiJingTu (in Wudai [五代]), a petiole in OuXiFanWuZangTu (northern Song Ages) and 7 leafs in WuZangLiuFuTu (五臟六腑圖. from Tang (唐) Ages to early northern Song Ages. unknown author.), one of references of UiBangNyuChwi (醫方類聚) (1455). However, veins of leafs were drawn in no diagrams. Conclusions : In diagrams of liver from MingTangZangFuTu, shape and a petiole of leafs were based on diagrams of ZangFu before northern Song Ages, but 7 leafs came from WuZangLiuFuTu. However, veins of leafs were not derived from any diagrams in same period.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-31
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to research what affected diagrams of lung originated from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu during the time they were changed in. Methods : Diagrams of lung in Traditional Chinese and Japanese medical books had been collected as many as possible. Besides being grouped by Huang Longxiang (黃龍祥)'s classification, they were analysed by 4 form factors, e.g. shape, number, veins and petiole of leafs. Results : Reliability of this methods had been checked on by the correspondence with Huang's 14 standard books, before 29 diagrams of lung were selected from 33 books including 13 books that Huang had already made his proposal. The lobes in most of diagrams resembled 6 lanceolate or long oval leafs, or a maple leaf with 5 indentations. In most of diagrams, veins of leafs were described variously, more or less than 9 nodes often drew in petioles. Conclusions : Suwen (素問), Nan Jing (難經) and Wang Bing would had steadily worked on 29 diagrams of lung, since diagram of lung stemmed from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu, went out into the world in Zhen Jiu Ju Ying (鍼灸聚英). But they were not drawn through dissection during same periods.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

현대건축의 설계 과정에서 다이어그램(diagram)은 설명의 도구, 생성의 도구로 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 많은 건축가들이 스스로 자신의 작품을 설명하거나 만들어 가는 과정에서 다이어그램을 이용하고 있으며, 프로그램에 대한 개념과 이를 표현하는 다이어그램은 단순한 매체의 역할을 넘어 실재적 건축 설계 과정 속에서 수용자들에게 창조적 작업의 일환으로써 받아들여지고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 지난 30년간 건축공간구성에서의 프로세스를 나타내는 도구로서 다이어그램을 시대별로 정의하여 건축 과정에서 다이어그램을 통한 건축가의 다양한 사용방법과 디자인 과정에서 적용된 다이어그램의 작동 과정을 비교 분석해 보고자 한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1996

CAD diagrams generally consists of many basic components: symbols, character, and connection lines. Thus, to recognize the diagrams, it is necessary to extract each components, and understand their meanings and relation among them. This paper describes a method for linking basic components extracted efficiently from hand-down diagrams to OrCAD data format. Experimental results with a hand-drawn diagrams of electronic and logic circuit show utility of the proposed method.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1367-1383
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• 2021

This paper studies Young diagrams of symmetric and pseudo-symmetric numerical semigroups and describes new operations on Young diagrams as well as numerical semigroups. These provide new decompositions of symmetric and pseudo-symmetric semigroups into a numerical semigroup and its dual. It is also given exactly for what kind of numerical semigroup S, the semigroup ring 𝕜⟦S⟧ has at least one Gorenstein subring and has at least one Kunz subring.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2004

다이어그램은 디자인 정보와 지식에 관한 효과적인 커뮤니케이션 지원을 목적으로 디자인 분야에서 폭넓게 활용되고 있으며, 그 결과 현재는 '디자인 과정의 개념과 방법을 증식' 시키는 '증식적 디자인 매체'로까지 그 역할이 확대되어 가고 있다. 최근에는 웹 컨텐츠, 인터랙티브 무비, DVD 타이틀과 같은 멀티미디어 디자인 분야에서 사용자 정보 이해를 손쉽게 지원하고 더 나아가 정보 획득 과정의 사용자 참여를 촉진시킬 목적으로 '디지털 다이어그램'이 적극 활용되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 멀티미디어 디자인에서 인포그래픽 유형에 해당하는 '디지털 다이어그램'의 본질이 무엇이고 컨텐츠 개발 프로세스에서 그 활용의 문제가 어떠한지를 규명하기 위해 진행되었다. 이를 위해서 인포그래픽 유형으로서 다이어그램의 본질과 기존 다이어그램과 비교되는 디지털 다이어그램의 정체성에 대하여 논하였으며 최종적으로 멀티미디어 디자인 프로세스에서 디지털 다이어그램의 활용 문제를 탐색하였다. 디지털 다이어그램은 그 정체성과 관련하여 기능적으로 '언어적 형식'에 바탕을 둔 '하이퍼텍스트'와 '그래픽적 형식'에 바탕을 둔 '상호작용성'을 핵심 속성으로 활용하는 다이어그램이다. 따라서 의미론적으로'정보 표현의 층위를 세분화시켜 사용자의 정보 이해 폭을 확장시키고 더 나아가 정보에 대한 통제권을 사용자가 획득 ' 할 수 있도록 지원한다. 멀티미디어 디자인 프로세스와 관련지어, 디지털 다이어그램은 '정보 사용자의 정보 획득 지원'에 바탕을 둔 '실체적 모델링'의 일환으로서 '인포메이션 디자이너'와 '네비게이션 디자이너'에 의해 활용되어 진다. 특히 인포메이션 디자이너는 정보 제시 기법을 위해서 그리고 네비게이션 디자이너는 인터페이스의 실질적인 기능 요소 구현을 목적으로 디지털 다이어그램을 활용하고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다.