• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.352-361
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• 2010

Objectives: This study estimated the annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 from a societal perspective and using a cost-of-illness method. Methods: Our model employed a comprehensive set of diagnostic disease codes to define food-borne diseases with using the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) reimbursement data. This study classified the food borne illness as three types of symptoms according to the severity of the illness: mild, moderate, severe. In addition to the traditional method of assessing the cost-of-illness, the study included measures to account for the lost quality of life. We estimated the cost of the lost quality of life using quality-adjusted life years and a visual analog scale. The direct cost included medical and medication costs, and the non-medical costs included transportation costs, caregiver's cost and administration costs. The lost productivity costs included lost workdays due to illness and lost earnings due to premature death. Results: The study found the estimated annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 were 954.9 billion won (735.3 billion won-996.9 billion won). The medical cost was 73.4 -76.8% of the cost, the lost productivity cost was 22.6% and the cost of the lost quality of life was 26.0%. Conclusions: Most of the cost-of-illness studies are known to have underestimated the actual socioeconomic costs of the subjects, and these studies excluded many important social costs, such as the value of pain, suffering and functional disability. The study addressed the uncertainty related to estimating the socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease as well as the updated cost estimates. Our estimates could contribute to develop and evaluate policies for food-borne disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6279-6284
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• 2015

Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important cancer in the Great Mekong region, particularly in Thailand. Limitations of treatment options and the lack of an effective diagnostic tool for early detection of CCA are major concerns for the control of this type of cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-CCA activity of the ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., and the applicability of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as a tool for detection and monitoring the progression of CCA in Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced CCA hamsters. Male Syrian hamsters were used for toxicity tests and anti-CCA activity evaluation. Development of CCA was induced by initial feeding of 50 metacercariae of OV, followed by drinking water containing 12.5 ppm of DMN in hamsters. The ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. was administered orally for 30 days. PET-CT was performed every 4 weeks after initiation of CCA using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F-FDG$). Results from the present study suggest that the ethanolic extract of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. rhizome exhibited promising anti-CCA activity and safety profile in the OV/DMN-induced hamster model. To successfully apply PET-CT as a tool for early detection of tumor development and progression, modification of radiolabeling approach is required to improve its specificity for CCA cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6181-6185
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• 2012

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the available breast nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon) to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis (NSLNM) and to determine variables for NSLNM in SLN positive breast cancer patients in our population. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 170 patients who underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection between Jul 2008 and Aug 2010 in our hospital. We validated three nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon). The likelihood of having positive NSLNM based on various factors was evaluated by use of univariate analysis. Stepwise multivariate analysis was applied to estimate a predictive model for NSLNM. Four factors were found to contribute significantly to the logistic regression model, allowing design of a new formula to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. The AUCs of the ROCs were used to describe the performance of the diagnostic value of MSKCC, Stanford, Tenon nomograms and our new nomogram. Results: After stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, multifocality, proportion of positive SLN to total SLN, LVI, SLN extracapsular extention were found to be statistically significant. AUC results were MSKCC: 0.713/Tenon: 0.671/Stanford: 0.534/DEU: 0.814. Conclusions: The MSKCC nomogram proved to be a good discriminator of NSLN metastasis in SLN positive BC patients for our population. Stanford and Tenon nomograms were not as predictive of NSLN metastasis. Our newly created formula was the best prediction tool for discriminate of NSLN metastasis in SLN positive BC patients for our population. We recommend that nomograms be validated before use in specific populations, and more than one validated nomogram may be used together while consulting patients.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.51.3-52
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• 2018

Since Voyager 1 passed the Heliopause in 2012, it has provided the observations of the charged particles in the local interstellar medium. However, Voyager 1 only provides the information along with its trajectory. In order to understand the global view of the interstellar plasma flow surrounding the Heliopause, we need another tool. When the interstellar plasmas approach the Heliopause, the ions are deflected around the Heliopause due to the draping of the interstellar magnetic field. The draping of the interstellar magnetic field is strongly connected with the shape of the Heliopause. A fraction of the diverted ions exchanges their charges with the undisturbed primary interstellar neutral atoms, and then the ions become neutral atoms called the secondary interstellar neutral atoms. The newly created neutral atoms carry information on the diverted flow of the interstellar ions, and a fraction of them can travel to the Sun. Therefore, the secondary component of the interstellar neutrals is an excellent diagnostic tool to provide important information to constrain the shape of the Heliopause. The secondary interstellar neutrals are observed by Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) at Earth's orbit. Since 2009, two energetic neutral atom cameras on IBEX have measured neutral atoms and it has provided sky maps of neutral atoms. In this presentation, we will discuss the directional distribution of the secondary interstellar neutrals at Earth's orbit. In the sky maps, the primary interstellar neutral gas is seen between $200^{\circ}$ and $260^{\circ}$ in ecliptic longitude and the secondary components are seen in the longitude range of $160^{\circ}-200^{\circ}$. We also present a simplified model of the outer heliosheath to help interpret the observations of interstellar neutrals by the IBEX-Lo instruments. We extract information on the large-scale shape of the Heliopause by comparing the neutral flux measured at IBEX along four different look directions with simple models of deflected plasma flow around hypothetical obstacles of different aspect ratios to the flow. Our comparisons between the model results and the observations indicate that the Heliopause is very blunt in the vicinity of the Heliospheric nose, especially compared to a Rankine half-body or cometary shape.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2014

본 연구에서 제안하는 암호화 모듈 품질평가 체계는 ISO/IEC 9000 품질체계를 참조하여 Quality, Quality Factor, Quality Subfactor, Metric로 계층화된다. 암호화 알고리즘 실무적용 프로세스는 암호화 알고리즘 장단점 진단을 기초로 하여 암호화자산 평가, 알고리즘선택 포인트 분석, 품질 항목(quality factor) 도출, 제약조건도출, 암호모듈 품질평가체계 설계 등 5개단계로 설정한다. 이 5개 단계는 현장중심의 암호화 작업사례를 진단하여 업무에서 가장 필수적으로 수행되어야 할 작업순서를 도출한 것 이다. 2-Factor간 연계지표는 암호화 모듈의 품질항목(quality factor)을 발굴하고 이 품질 항목을 확보하는 환경인 암호화 작업의 제약조건 두가지 영역이다. 본 연구는 암호화 모듈 실무현장 적용체계를 하나의 표준화 모델로 제시한다. 우리는 정보기술 환경의 급속한 변화에 부응하여 암호화 알고리즘 개발과 현장 적용 모델을 다양하게 개발하므로서 암호화의 효율을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권11호
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• pp.1758-1764
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• 2012

A large number of wire rope has been used in various inderstiries as Cranes and Elevators from expanding the scale of the industrial market. But now, the management of wire rope is used as manually operated by rope replacement from over time or after the accident.It is caused to major accidents as well as economic losses and personal injury. Therefore its time to need periodic fault diagnosis of wire rope or supply of real-time monitoring system. Currently, there are several methods has been reported for fault diagnosis method of the wire rope, to find out the feature point from extracting method is becoming more common compared to time wave and model-based system. This method has implemented a deterministic modeling like the observer and neural network through considering the state of the system as a deterministic signal. However, the out-put of real system has probability characteristics, and if it is used as a current method on this system, the performance will be decreased at the real time. And if the random noise is occurred from unstable measure/experiment environment in wire rope system, diagnostic criterion becomes unclear and accuracy of diagnosis becomes blurred. Thus, more sophisticated techniques are required rather than deterministic fault diagnosis algorithm. In this paper, we developed the fault diagnosis of the wire rope using probability density estimation techniques algorithm. At first, The steady-state wire rope fault signal detection is defined as the probability model through probability distribution estimate. Wire rope defects signal is detected by a hall sensor in real-time, it is estimated by proposed probability estimation algorithm. we judge whether wire rope has defection or not using the error value from comparing two probability distribution.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

Background: Survival time of lymphoma patients can be estimated with the help of microarray technology. In this study, with the use of iterative Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method, survival time of Mantle Cell Lymphoma patients (MCL) was estimated and in reference to the findings, patients were divided into two high-risk and low-risk groups. Materials and Methods: In this study, gene expression data of MCL patients were used in order to select a subset of genes for survival analysis with microarray data, using the iterative BMA method. To evaluate the performance of the method, patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk based on their scores. Performance prediction was investigated using the log-rank test. The bioconductor package "iterativeBMAsurv" was applied with R statistical software for classification and survival analysis. Results: In this study, 25 genes associated with survival for MCL patients were identified across 132 selected models. The maximum likelihood estimate coefficients of the selected genes and the posterior probabilities of the selected models were obtained from training data. Using this method, patients could be separated into high-risk and low-risk groups with high significance (p<0.001). Conclusions: The iterative BMA algorithm has high precision and ability for survival analysis. This method is capable of identifying a few predictive variables associated with survival, among many variables in a set of microarray data. Therefore, it can be used as a low-cost diagnostic tool in clinical research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6069-6075
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• 2013

Background: At present, the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) requires a colorectal biopsy which is an invasive procedure. We undertook this pilot study to develop an alternative method and potential new biomarkers for diagnosis, and validated a set of well-integrated tools called ClinProt to investigate the serum peptidome in CRC patients. Methods: Fasting blood samples from 67 patients diagnosed with CRC by histological diagnosis, 55 patients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma by biopsy, and 65 healthy volunteers were collected. Division was into a model construction group and an external validation group randomly. The present work focused on serum proteomic analysis of model construction group by ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry. This approach allowed construction of a peptide pattern able to differentiate the studied populations. An external validation group was used to verify the diagnostic capability of the peptidome pattern blindly. An immunoassay method was used to determine serum CEA of CRC and controls. Results: The results showed 59 differential peptide peaks in CRC, colorectal adenoma and health volunteers. A genetic algorithm was used to set up the classification models. Four of the identified peaks at m/z 797, 810, 4078 and 5343 were used to construct peptidome patterns, achieving an accuracy of 100% (> CEA, P<0.05). Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could differentiate the validation group with high accuracy close to 100%. Conclusions: Our results showed that proteomic analysis of serum with MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reproducible approach, which may provide a novel approach to screening for CRC.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2008

온톨로지의 인과관계는 특정 응용을 위한 추론에서 중요한 역할을 하므로, 인과관계는 응용에서 쓰이는 추론의 형태에 근거하여 정의되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는, 전자장비의 고장진단 질의응답을 위한 온톨로지에서의 인과관계를 정의하고 추출하는 모델을 제시한다. 질의응답의 패턴을 분석하여 인과범주를 정의하고, 질의응답에서 나타나는 개념들 사이의 관계들 중 인과범주에 속하는 경우를 인과관계로 정의한다. 인과관계 인스턴스는 응용분야의 정의문으로부터 어휘 패턴을 이용하여 추출되고 시소러스 정보를 이용하여 점진적으로 확장된다. 분야 전문가들의 평가 결과, 본 모델은 관계분류에 있어서 92.3%의 평균 정확률과 추출 단계의 인과관계 인식에 있어서 80.7%의 정확률을 보인다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.259-277
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• 2008

본 연구는 인지 진단 이론을 활용하여 수학 평가 결과를 분석하고 교수 학습에 활용하는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. $2003{\sim}2006$년에 실시된 국가수준 학업성취도 평가의 중학교 3학년 수학 검사에서 30개의 선다형 문항을 선정하여 검사지를 재구성하고 검사를 실시하였고 인지 진단 이론의 한 모형인 Fusion Model을 적용하여 평가 결과를 분석하였다. 검사 문항을 통해 학생들이 숙달한 수학적 속성을 판별하고, 학생 전체와 성취수준별로 숙달한 속성과 그 속성의 개수를 분석하였다. 그리고 학생 개개인의 수학적 강점과 약점을 분석하여 교사들에게 학생 개개인의 수학적 능력에 대한 정보를 구체적으로 알려줄 수 있었다. 이 결과는 학생들의 수학 학습에 대한 진단과 처방, 추후 학습 지도에 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.