• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2001

The frequency and severity of intestinal tuberculosis are decreased due to socioeconomic development, pasteurization of milk and more effective anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. But in recent year, HIV-infected patients are known to be at high risk of developing tuberculosis. The pathogenesis of intestinal tuberculosis is dependent on a immune state and nutritional status of the patient, the tuberculosis amount of sputum and tuberculosis toxicity. The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is usually difficult because of non-specific clinical features and radiological signs. Chronic diarrhea in intestinal tuberculosis is able to produce a malnutrition, marasmus, kwashiorkor or the combined form. The treatment is anti-tuberculous chemotherapy for 12~24 months, but operation should be considered to intestinal perforation, obstruction, fistula formation and massive bleeding. The study about kwashiorkor in intestinal tuberculosis is rare in recent years, we should remind that tuberculosis is still prevalent disease in Korea. We report a ten year-old boy with ileocecal tuberculosis who presented with kwashiorkor, severe malnutrition with review of literature.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2000

Objectives: Despite of high prevalence of tuberculosis in Korea, thyroid tuberculosis is very rare and only a few records are available. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of thyroid tuberculosis and to find out optimal therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Materials & Methods: From Jan. 1986 to July. 2000, of 5,493 patients who were underwent thyroidectomy, only 8(0.14%) had discovered to have thyroid tuberculosis. The medical records of them were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were one man and seven women with a mean age of 40.3 years. Only one had tuberculosis sequalae on chest X-ray and two had past history of tuberculous lymphadenitis. However, none of them had symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis. Most frequent symptom was palpable neck mass. The preoperative U/S, CT and FNAB failed to diagnose thyroid tuberculosis. The pathologic reports were chronic granulomatous thyroiditis with caseous necrosis in all the cases and AFB stain was positve in 5 cases. All cases were successfully treated by surgical resection and anti-Tbc. medications. Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid tuberculosis was extremely low and most of them have been presented as a palpable neck mass especially in relatively young-aged female patients. Although any diagnosis for thyroid tuberculosis prior to microscopical study of tissue removed at operation was not yielded, the preoperative diagnostic workups will be available with experience. Surgical resection and anti- Tbc medication would be the choice in the management of thyroid tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2012

Background: The release of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) by T lymphocytes increases after rechallenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen, especially, at a localized site of tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to compare the clincial efficacy of two commercial IFN-${\gamma}$ release assays from pleural fluid for the diagnosis in tuberculous pleurisy. Methods: We performed T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold tests simultaneously on pleural fluid and peripheral blood samples from patients with pleural effusion, in South Korea, an area with intermediate TB burden. Results: Thirty-six patients were enrolled prospectively, and tuberculous pleurisy was found in 21 patients. Both the numbers of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting T cells and the concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ were greater in the pleural tuberculous group, comparing with the non-tuberculous group. Moreover, in the tuberculous group, there was a significant difference in IFN-${\gamma}$ producing spot-forming cells using the T-SPOT.TB method between pleural fluid and peripheral blood. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, was the greatest for pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB test, followed by peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB test, peripheral blood QuantiFERON-TB Gold test, and pleural fluid QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (area under the ROC curve of 0.956, 0.890, 0.743, and 0.721, respectively). The T-SPOT.TB assay produced less indeterminate results than did QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay in both pleural fluid and peripheral blood. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB test could be the most useful test among the IFN-${\gamma}$ release assays for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy in an area with an intermediate prevalence of TB infection.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2006

To find out the effectiveness of clinical examination for the diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis, a 78 respiratory tuberculosis patient,s group was matched by sex and age with 78 control healthy subjects. In the result of blood chemistry, mean values of $123.5{\pm}62.04mg/dL$ in glucose, $429.01{\pm}150.77IU/L$ in LDH, and $44.51{\pm}43.76IU/L$ in ${\gamma}$-GTP, were higher than that of the controls (healthy subjects), and $3.51{\pm}0.68mg/dL$ in albumin was lower than that of the controls. In the result of the haematology examination, mean values of $12.52{\pm}3.27g/dL$ in hemoglobin, $36.72{\pm}7.28%$ in hematocrit, and $24.61{\pm}12.36%$ in lymphocyte, were lower than that of the controls, $9.23{\pm}5.25%$ in monocyte $78.30{\pm}37.35mm/hr$ in ESR, and $48.45{\pm}35.15U/L$ in ADA were higher than that of the controls. For the comparisons of the tuberculosis patients values from normal reference values, 22.2% in glucose, 22.4% in LDH, 25.0% in ${\gamma}$-GTP, 35.4% in albumin, 88% in ESR, and 88.6% in ADA, showed abnormal values. We concluded that the values of glucose, ${\gamma}$-GTP, albumin, WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte, monocyte, ADA, and the ESR were useful in tuberculosis diagnosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.747-756
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• 1999

Background: Acid-fast stain and cultures for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are primary and essential method, but have their limitation : low sensitivity and time consuming. The objective of this study is comparison of amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test(MTD) by the conventional AFB smears and cultures in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens. Methods: During the period between November, 1997 and May, 1998 a total of 267 respiratory specimens (sputum 173, bronchial washing 94) from 187 patients suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were subjected to AFB smears, cultures and MID test. MID is based on nucleic acid amplification. We compared the MID with 3% Ogawa culture method. In positive AFB smear and negative MID specimen, positive culture identification between nontuberculous mycobacterium and M.tuberculosis was assesed by using Accuprobe M.tuberculosis complex probe. In negative AFB smear and negative AFB culture, MTD results are assessed by clinical follow-up. Results : 1) Compared with culture in sputum and bronchial fluid specimens, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in positive AFB smear is 79.7% and 20.0%, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in negative AFB smear specimens is 75.0% and 79.7%. 2) Discrepant analysis is assessed by clinical follow-up and other specimen results beyond study. Culture negative but MTD positive specimens were proved to be true positive and gave MTD sensitivity 79.2%, specificity of 84.4%, positive predictive value 80.5% and negative predictive value 83.2%. 3) 14 out of 31 specimens in negative AFB smear, negative AFB culture and positive MTD showed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed on clinical follow-up and sensitivity is 45.2%. 4) 2 out of 13 specimens in positive AFB smear, positive AFB culture and negative MID diagnosed as non tuberculous mycobacterium by Accuprobe culture. Conclusion: This study suggested that MID in respiratory specimens is simple and rapid diagnostic method, but considered adjuvant method rather than replace the conventional AFB smear and culture.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2010

On the basis of the 2009 business plan, 20,394 Korean native cattle and beef cattle were carried examination of bovine tuberculosis by using ELISA technique from March to December. As a result, 66 cattle tested positive for tuberculosis and showed 0.32% positive ratio. Intradermal tuberculin test about 66 cases of ELISA positive cattle was carried out, and all of 66 cattle were confirmed as negative. However, when 7 PPD-positive cattle derived from slaughterhouse were tested by 20k ELISA kit and MS ELISA kit, 3 (2 suspect) cattle and 5 cattle showed positive results, respectively. As compared to the results of PPD test, the concordance rates were 43% (71% included suspect) with 20k ELISA kit and 71% with MS ELISA kit.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.79-81
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• 2010

We present a case of hydrocephalus as the primary manifestation of neurosarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a rare disease in Korea and its incidence is much lower than that of tuberculosis. Diagnosis is made by pathologic findings and by exclusion of other granulomatous disorders. Neurosarcoidosis is observed in approximately 5% of sarcoidosis. Its common manifestations are facial palsy (50% of patients with neurosarcoidosis) and optic neuritis. Hydrocephalus is a very uncommon reported finding. Although the typical presentation of sarcoidosis such as facial palsy is not a diagnostic dilemma, more atypical presentations such as hydrocephalus with altered mentality in a tuberculosis patient can lead to a misdiagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Among the patients presented with the chief complaint of voice change, the one with unilaterally injected vocal fold was occasionally found at the out patient clinic. The most patients had rarely improved in symptom with conservative treatment under the impression of chronic laryngitis. Some papers were reported that the injected vocal fold(s) is due to laryngeal tuberculosis hick is sometimes associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated six patients presented unilaterally injected vocal fold with videolaryngoscope and performed histopathologic confirm with laryngeal biopsy respectively. There were low cases of laryngeal tuberculosis, one case of squamous cell carcinoma and one case of chronic larngitis. Proper management was done according to the tissue diagnosis. Pretretment and posttreatment videolaryngoscopic findings as well as some literature review were done.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2020

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is characterized by the acute ophthalmoparesis, ataxia and areflexia. We describe the case of 70-year-old man with cardinal symptom of MFS and active pulmonary tuberculosis (Tb). A thorough evaluation led to the diagnosis of MFS and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was started. The complete resolution of ophthalmoparesis and ataxia was observed from the fourth day of IVIg treatment. This is the first report to describe a case of MFS that developed in patient pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.554-558
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• 1992

A 38 years old man had been treated as a pulmonary tuberculosis by the positive result of acid fast stain of bronchial washing from the focal infiltrative lesion at left lower lobe. On radiologic examination after one year treatment, there was an aggravation of lesion at left lower lobe with moderate amount of pleural effusion at the same side. After 11 weeks, follow up chest film disclosed bilateral pleural effusion. The pleural fluid of both side was pus in gross appearance with low pH, high LDH, low glucose and high protein. Pleurodectomy was performed to remove the loculated empyema with the thickened pleura of right thorax. This pleuro-pulmonary lesion can be easily misdiagnosed as a tuberculous lesion if it is not taken into consideration as a possible diagnosis.