• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2002

Anterior subcapsular cataract was developed by opacification with transdifferentiation and abnormal proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). After-cataract also be caused by a similar transdifferentiation of LECs remaining after surgery and the accompanying increase of ECM deposits. It is blown that prostaglandin E2 and cytokine, such as TGF-$\beta$, bFGF, and IL-1, were associated with abnormal proliferation and transdifferentiation of LECs. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-$\alpha$ (TGF-$\alpha$), transforming growth factor-$\beta_1$(TGF-$\beta_1$) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in LECs of senile and diabetic cataract. The expressions of these growth factors in lens epithelial cells were determined. The sample for growth factor determination were collected in senile cataract patients without metabolic disorder, especially diabetes mellitus and diabetic cataract patients. The mRNA expression of growth factors was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Southern blot analysis. Statistics were analysed using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR/southern analysis of RNA obtained from thirty surgical specimens demonstrated that the level of mRNA expression of TGF-$\alpha$, -$\beta_1$ and bFGF was increased in diabetic cataract lens tissues compared with senile cataract specimens but non-significant, bFGF and TGF-$\beta_1$ mRNA expression were detected in most patients, expression level of TGF-$\beta_1$ was most high on the basis of normal ocular concentration. Detection rate of TGF-$\alpha$ in diabetic cataract was 1.5 fold higher than in senile cataract (P=0.098). TGF-$\alpha$, TGF-$\beta_1$, and bFGF mRNA expression of LECs were detected in senile and diabetic cataract. In both patient groups, expression level of TGF-$\beta_1$, mRNA was high, so We suggest TGF-$\beta_1$ strong influence in development of senile cataract and of diabetic cataract also. TGF-$\alpha$ expression level was similar but more frequently detected in diabetic cataract than in senile cataract. In conclusion, TGF-$\alpha$ may be associated with early development of diabetic cataract.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2009

Diabetic cataract is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Excess accumulation of sorbitol plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as cataract formation. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the extract of the aerial parts of Aster koraiensis (AK) on diabetic cataractogenesis. To examine this further, we evaluated sorbitol accumulation during cataract development using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, an animal model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic rats were treated orally with AK (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 9 weeks. In vehicle-treated diabetic rats, lens opacity was increased, and lens fiber swelling and membrane rupture were observed. In addition, sorbitol accumulation in diabetic lens was markedly enhanced. However, AK treatment delayed the progression of diabetic cataract through the inhibition of sorbitol accumulation, and prevented lens fiber degeneration in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that AK treatment can delay the progression of lens opacification in the diabetic rats during the early diabetic cataractogenesis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.153-159
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• 1994

당뇨병을 가진 백내장 환자에 있어서 수정체낭외적출술 및 후방인공수정체삽입술후 당뇨망막증의 경과변화, 시력의 예후, 시력의 예후 및 망막증의 진행에 영향을 미치는 관련인자들에 대한 후향적 조사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 백내장수술을 한 눈의 경우 전체 24안중 11안(46%)에서 망막증이 진행하였으며 수술을 하지 않은 눈의 경우 망막증의 진행을 보인 경우는 4안(17%)이였다. 2. 백내장수술후 시력이 향상되었던 경우는 24안 중 22안(92%)이였으나 이중 0.5이하가 12안, 0.1이하가 3안이였다. 3. 술후 망막증의 진행이 있었던 경우 여자는 11안 중 7안, 남자는 13안 중 4안이였으며 경구 혈당강하제를 사용하는 환자가 인슐린 투여군보다 망막증의 진행이 더욱 많았다. 4. 본 연구의 결과 백내장수술은 당뇨망막증의 진행을 더욱 촉진시키며 경구혈당강하제의 사용, 그리고 여자환자에서 망막증의 진행이 더욱 빈번히 나타났으며 이는 시력의 예후를 나쁘게 하는 인자로 작용하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2008

Aldose reductase (AR), the principal enzyme of the polyol pathway, has been shown to play an important role in the diabetic complications, including diabetic cataract. The inhibitors of AR, therefore, would be potential agents for prevention of diabetic complications. As part of our ongoing project directed toward the discovery of preventive and/or treatment for diabetic complications, 48 Korean herbal medicines have been investigated with an in vitro evaluation system using aldose reductase inhibitory activities. Of these, 12 herbal medicines exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against aldose reductase. Particularly, seven herbal medicines, i.e., Eurya japonica, Chrysanthemum indicum, Akebia quinata, Saururus chinensis, Catalpa bignonioides, Lonicera japonica, Vitex rotundifolia showed two times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control 3.3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG). In addition, Catalpa bignonioides showed the retardation of cataract-opacification of the lens of the eye under diabetic condition by xylose. Therefore, this result may provide a potential therapeutic approach for preventing and treating diabetic cataracts.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.331-336
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• 1994

The ether extract from the roots of angelica clahurica was found to inhibit bovine lens aldose reductase (BLAR0 activity in vitro by 100% at 100.mu.g/ml. Systematic fractionation of the ether soluble fraction and subsequent active frctions monitorede by bioassy led to isolation of four furanocoumarins, isoimperatorin (I0, imperatorin (II), ter-O-methyl byakangelicin (III) and byakangelicin (IV), among which compound III and IV were identified as potential AR inhibitors, their $IC_{50}$ values being $2.8{\mu}M{\;}and{\;}6.2{\mu}M$, respectively. Galactosemic cataract formation tors, in rats treated with 40 g/kg/day of galactose was blocked almost completely throughout the exeprimental periods up to 44 days by i.p. administrations of byakangelicin (IV) at 50 mg/kg/day. In coincidence with the inhibitory action on cataract formation, the galactitol accumulation in rats treated with byakangelicin (IV) was found to be markedly prevented by approximately 80.5% compared to those of the contro. These results indicate that byakangelicin (IV), as a main principle of this plant, possesses high potential for a clinically useful drug of the future which prevents and/or improves sugar cataract as well as diabetic complications.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

실명의 제일 흔한 원인은 백내장이다. 백내장의 원인은 아직 확실하게 규명되지는 않았으나, 유발 원인으로 방사선, 당의 대사장애, 약물, 외상, 영양물질의 불균형, 선천성, 눈의 질환으로 인해 2차적으로 발생하는 백내장 등등이 있다. 일반적으로, 수정체 섬유의 산화가 수정체의 혼탁을 유발 시키는 주원인으로 알려져 있다. 수정체가 투명도를 유지하기 위해서는 수정체 섬유의 구조가 완전 하여야 한다. 수정체 섬유에 고분자 단백질의 양이 증가하면 수정체 섬유는 혼탁해 진다. 수정체 섬유내 단백질의 변화는 칼슘 이온과 관계가 깊다. 만약 칼슘 이온이 수정체 섬유내 알파-크리스탈린 단백질에 결합되면 수정체 섬유에는 고분자 단백질들이 많이 형성되어 수정체 섬유는 혼탁해 진다. 만약 칼슘 이온이 알파-크리스탈린 단백질에서 떨어져 나가면 수정체 섬유에는 저분자 단백질로 이루어지게 되므로 수정체 섬유는 다시 투명해 진다. 이 논문에서는 노인성 백내장의 발병이 연령의 증가와 복합하여 백내장을 유발시키는 여러 발병인자를 찾는데 앞으로도 더 많은 노력이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 당뇨병 환자에서 혈당과 삼투압이 백내장의 발생에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지와 백내장의 발생기전을 알아 보고자 하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 1994

In order to study the effect of some oriental prescriptions for polydipsia on experimental diabetes mellitus and cataract, Cheongsimyeonja-eum, Kamijowiseungki-tang and Kikukjihwang-tang were administered to streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic and galactose-induced cataractous rats. The increased level of serum glucose and urea nitrogen owing to 572 were significantly decreased by administration of Cheongsimyeonja-eum, Kamijowiseungki-tang and Kikukjihwang-tang. The increased level of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol owing to STZ were significantly decreased by administration of Kamijowiseungki-tang and Kikukjihwang-tang. Reduction of body weight owing to STZ was significantly recovered in 7th day since administration of Cheongsimyeonja-eum and Kamijowiseungki-tang. Weight of liver was significantly recovered by administration of Cheongsimyeonja-eum and Kamijowiseungki-tang and weight of kidney was significantly recovered only by administration of Kikukjihwang-tang. The polydipsia of water and food were significantly decreased by administration of Cheongsimyeonja-eum, Kamijowiseungki-tang and Kikukjihwang-tang. Onset of cataract in experimental group owing to galactose was not significantly different from control group.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2022

인공지능기반의 건강 데이터 검증은 임상 연구에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 새로운 치료법을 개발하는데 필수 요소가 되었다. 미국 식품의약 관리국이 의학진단 분야 중 인공지능을 이용하여 성인 당뇨병 환자의 경증 이상 당뇨병성 망막증을 감지하는 의료기기 마케팅을 승인한 이래, 인공지능을 이용한 테스트가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구글에서 지원하는 Teachable Machine 을 이용하여 이미지 분류 기반의 인공지능모델을 생성하고, 학습을 통한 예측 모델을 완성하였다. 이는 현재 만성질환의 환자들 중 발생하는 안구 질환 중 백내장의 조기 발견하는데 용이하게 할 뿐만 아니라, 눈 건강을 위해 헬스케어 프로그램으로 안 질환 예방을 위한 디지털 개인건강 헬스케어 앱을 개발하기 위한 기초 연구로 진행되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1994

The ether, ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis showed a significant inhibition of lens aldose reductase (AR) activity in vitro. During systematic fractionation of the active fractions, 7 flavonoids were isolated and compared their inhibitory activities against rat AR using DL-glyceraldehyde as a substrate, among which baicalin (VII) was found to exhibit the most potent inhibitory activity. Baicalin (VII) and wogonin-7-O-glucuronide (VI), with repeated treatments (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) throughout the experimental periods caused a significant suppression of cataract formation induced by galactose (40 g/kg/day) as well as the decrease of galactitol accumulation in the rat lens. The flavonoids also exhibited a significant inhibition of sorbitol accumulation in the lenses of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation. Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy along with some other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and aging. Glycation of proteins interferes with their normal functions by disrupting molecular conformation, altering enzymatic activity, and interfering with receptor functioning. AGEs form intra- and extracellular cross linking not only with proteins, but with some other endogenous key molecules including lipids and nucleic acids to contribute in the development of diabetic complications. Recent studies suggest that AGEs interact with plasma membrane localized receptors for AGEs (RAGE) to alter intracellular signaling, gene expression, release of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals. The present review discusses the glycation of plasma proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, globulins and collagen to form different types of AGEs. Furthermore, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy, cataract, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy is also discussed.