• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

대마씨(Hemp seed; seed of Cannabis sativa L.)는 삼과에 속하는 1년생 초본 식물이며, 면역력 증가, 동맥 경화증, 변비, 고지혈증 예방, 항염증제, 항암제 등 다양한 생물학적 기능을 수행하는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 유산균을 이용한 발효 대마씨 추출물의 효능를 조사하였다. 그 결과, Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 항균 활성은 발효하지 않은 대마씨 추출물에 비해 현저히 증가되었으며, 특히 Bacillus cereus에 대하여 발효한 대마씨 추출물에서 항균 활성이 새롭게 나타났다. 또한, 유산균 발효 대마씨 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, SOD 유사 활성, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성은 발효하지 않은 대마씨 추출물에 비해 각각 증가됨을 확인하였다. 추가적으로 멜라닌 증가 물질로 알려진 tyrosinase의 저해 활성도 발효하지 않은 유산균에 비해 증가되었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 유산균으로 발효한 대마씨 추출물은 항산화, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 촉진시키며, 따라서 유산균으로 발효한 대마씨 추출물을 이용한 기능성 소재 및 식품 개발로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.800-806
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• 2012

체내에서 산화스트레스에 의해 생성되는 활성산소종(reacitve oxygen species, ROS)은 당뇨병, 비만 등과 같은 만성질환을 야기시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 고려인삼(Panax ginseng)은 수천 년간 피로 회복 및 면역증강용 기능성식품으로 이용되어 왔고, 사포닌, 산성다당체, 페놀성 화합물과 같은 다양한 생리활성 물질을 함유하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에는 고온, 고압처리하여 제조한 신규 인삼에 대한 산화적 스트레스 저감 효능을 평가하고자 하였다. C2C12 근육세포에 산화적 스트레스를 유도하기 위해 $H_2O_2$ 1 mM 처리하고, 전처리 조건을 달리한 인삼 시료를 처리하여 cell morphology 및 항산화 관련 유전자인 SOD, CAT 및 GPx를 살펴보았고, 3T3-L1 지방세포는 분화과정 중 ROS 생성 억제효과 및 CAT, GPx 및 Cu/Zn-SOD의 항산화효소 관련 유전자의 발현 정도를 조사하였다. 고온, 고압처리한 인삼은 산화적 스트레스가 유도된 C2C12 근육세포 및 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 유의적으로 산화적 스트레스를 저감하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 본 연구진에 의해 개발된 고온 및 고압 처리된 인삼은 항산화 및 항피로 효능이 기대되는 바이며, 본 연구는 동물세포 수준에서의 비교이며, 보다 정확한 작용기전의 구명을 위해 향후 추가적인 연구를 통한 비교 실험이 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

Single and repeated-dose toxicity of anti-diabetic herb extract microcapsule (ADHEM) were evaluated according to Toxicity Test Guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration using Sprague-Dawley rats. For single-dose toxicity test, kneading ADHEM with sterilized water were administered orally once at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg and examined for 14 days. No dead animals, clinical signs and abnormal necropsy findings were observed and also no significant difference in body weights was found. Therefore, the $LD_{50}$ of ADHEM was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats. For repeated-dose toxicity test, ADHEM were mixed with powder fodder and administerd orally for 28 days at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day. No dead animals, clinical signs and significant difference in body weights were found. In hematology and serum biochemistry, all values were included within the normal ranges. In relative organ weights, kidney or liver were significantly increased in the 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day male groups, uterus was significantly increased in the 500 mg/kg/day female group and left adrenal glands were significantly decreased in the 2000 mg/kg/day female group. In histopathological examinations, vacuolation and microgranuloma in the liver, chronic progressive nephropathy and inflammation in the kidney were observed in the 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day both male and female groups. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ADHEM was considered to be lower than 500 mg/kg/day in both male and female rats.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1163-1169
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• 2007

Effects of Sotosaja hwan on Blood Glucose, Hyperlipidemia, Polyol Pathway and Antioxidative Mechanism in ob/ob Mouse Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Sotosaja-hwan has been known to be effective for the antiaging and composed of four crude herbs. In male ob/ob mouse in severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, which are features of NIDDM, the hyperglycemic activites and mechanisms of Sotosaja-hwan were examined. Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the lean (C57/BL6J black mice) and diabetic (ob/ob mice) control groups received standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 30 and 90 mg Sotosaja-hwan per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. The effects of Sotosaja-hwan extract on the ob/ob mice were observed by measuring the serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid components, and the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical $({\cdot}O_2)$, MDA+HAE, GSH/GSSG ratio, and also the enzyme activities involved in polyol pathway. Sotosaja-hwan lowered the levels of serum glucose and insulin in a dose dependent manner. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were decreased, while the HDL-cholesterol level was increased, in Sotosaja-hwan treated groups. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the ob/ob mice, whereas those were inhibited in the Sotosaja-hwan-administered groups. Sotosaja-hwan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}O_2$ in the kidney. Finally, MDA+HAE levels was increased and GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas those were improved in the Sotosaja-hwan-administered groups. Sotosaja-hwan showed the antidiabetic and anti hyperlipidemic activities by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing the MDA+HAE levels in the ob/ob mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Okchun-hwan on Diabetes Mellitus. We searched articles from Oasis and Chinese Academic Journals(CAJ) online databases. Searching keywords were '玉泉丸', '옥천환'. Among the articles published from January 2000 to September 2016, The 79 articles were found. After review the title, abstract and original, The five articles were selected finally to rule out a completely different prescriptions and an animal test articles. Okchun-hwan is effective in improving the symptoms(dry mouth and throat, fatigue, eat easy to hunger, shortness of breath, sweating, palpitation, cardiac heat, insomnia, and tongue)of a patient with deficiency of both qi and yin diagnosis(氣陰兩虛證) on Diabetes Mellitus, as well as act on protection of endothelial cells and regulation of insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance that cause the diabetic chronic vascular complications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2009

Rosiglitazone maleate (RGM) is widely used for improving insulin resistance. RGM is a moderate inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and is also mainly metabolized by CYP2C8. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of RGM on CYP2C8 is altered by co-treatment with other drugs, and whether amlodipine camsylate (AC) changes the pharmacokinetics (PK) of RGM. Of the 11 drugs that are likely to be co-administered with RGM in diabetic patients, seven drugs lowered the $IC_{50}$ value of RGM on CYP2C8 by more than 80%. In vitro CYP2C8 inhibitory assays of RGM in combination with drugs of interest showed that the $IC_{50}$ of RGM was decreased by 98.9% by AC. In a pharmacokinetic study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered 1 mg/kg of RGM following by single or 10-consecutive daily administrations of 1.5 mg/kg/day of AC. No significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of RGM were observed after a single administration of AC, but the AUC and $C_{max}$ values of RGM were significantly reduced by 36% and 31%, respectively, by multiple administrations of AC. In conclusion, RGM was found to be affected by AC by in vitro CYP2C8 inhibition testing, and multiple dosing of AC appreciably changed the pharmacokinetics of RGM. These findings suggest that a drug interaction exists between AC and RGM.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2004

본 연구자들은 다른 동물성 지질에 비해 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮고 불포화지방산 함량이 높은 오소리 지질을 당뇨환자들에게 섭취시킨 후 혈당, 혈청의 당뇨지표 및 혈청 지질의 변화를 관찰하여 당뇨환자들에게 동물성인 오소리 지질 섭취가 혈당유지 및 합병증 관리 에 합당한가를 평가하여 오소리 지질을 기능성 식품의 원료로 활용할 수 있는가를 확인하고자 하였다. 일일 평균 7.26 g의 오소리 지질을 12주간 섭취한 후에 총 지질의 섭취량은 유의적 인 차이가 없었으나 $\omega$3계 지방산과 다가불포화지방산의 섭취량은 유의적으로 증가하였고 콜레스테롤의 섭취량은 유의적으로 감소된 결과를 나타냈다. 공복 시 혈당이 오소리 지질의 섭취에 따라 유의적인 상승을 나타내지 않았고 fructosamine과 glucagon농도는 오소리 지질의 섭취 6주째부터 유의적으로 상승되었다. 혈청의 LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 농도는 오소리 지질 섭취에 따라 유의적으로 감소되었고 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 유의적으로 상승되었다. 또한 일반적인 건강상태 판정지표로 살펴볼 때 간기능 및 철분 영양상태가 증진되었다. 위의 결과들로 보아 제2형 당뇨환자의 12주간 오소리 지질의 섭취는 건강상태와 혈청지질 profile에는 유익한 영향을 주었고 따라서 동물성인 오소리 지질을 건강보조식품으로 사용하거나 기능성 식품의 원재료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 오소리 지질 섭취 수준을 달리한 dose-response 실험을 통해 섭취 수준과 혈청지질 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 관찰하여 오소리 지질의 광범위한 활용을 위한 체계적인 자료를 더 확보하고자 한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.108-120
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• 1999

In this study, body weight levels of glucose, insulin and triglyceride in blood and glucosidase activity of the small intestine were investigated to determine the effect of Sangbaegpitang and Supungsungiwhan on the glucose metabolism of db/db mice. The GLUT4 mRNA of muscle tissue and the Acetyl CoA Carboxylase and the activation rate of GLUT2 mRNA of liver tissue were measured by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method and by the vitro transcription. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the Sangbaegpitang administration group, (1) The level of triglyceride was decreased significantly and the glucosidase activity of the small intestine was inhibited remarkably, (2) The amounts of the GLUT4 mRNA in muscle tissue and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase mRNA in liver tissue were increased significantly. (3) Though glucose level in both fasting and non-fasting, were decreased and the insulin level in blood was increased, the results showed no statistical significance. 2. In the Supungsungiwhan administration group, (1) The levels of glucose and triglyceride were decreased significantly in the blood of non-fasting animals. (2) The glucosidase activity of small intestine was inhibited markedly and the amounts of GLUT4 mRNA of muscle tissue and GLUT2 mRNA of liver tissue were increased significantly. (3) The glucose levels in the fasting group were reduced, while insulin level was increased but showed no statistical significance, Based on the above results, our conclusions are as follows: Sangbaegpitang & Supungsungiwhan are thought to be capable of inhibiting the activity glucosidase, the enzyme which influences carbohydrate metabolism in the small intestine of db/db mice(the experimental diabetic model) and delaying the absorption of carbohydrate, thus proving effective on inhibiting the increase of non-fasting glucose level effectively. Futhermore Sangbaegpitang and Supungsungiwhan are though: to be capable of preventing the composition of free fatty acids by restoring the production of GLUT4 mRNA of muscle tissues and GLUT2 mRNA of liver tissues. Those results suggests that above prescriptions can be applied to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in order to improve insulin resistance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2010

Tight control of blood glucose is the most important strategy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Welsh onion on fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibitory activities of hot water extracts from the green stalk and white bulb, which are the edible portions of the Welsh onion, and the fibrous root extract against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were measured in vitro. To study the effects of Welsh onion on postprandial hyperglycemia, a starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) or acarbose (50 mg/kg) was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the hypoglycemic effects of chronic feeding of Welsh onion, five-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing either Welsh onion fibrous root extract at 0.5% or acarbose at 0.05% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Compared to the extract from the edible portions of Welsh onion, the fibrous root extract showed stronger inhibition against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, with an $IC_{50}$ of 239 ${\mu}g/mL$. Oral administration of Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) and acarbose (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental plasma glucose levels 30-120 min after oral ingestion of starch as well as the area under the postprandial glucose response curve, compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the Welsh onion group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01), and were not significantly different from those fed acarbose. Thus, we conclude that the fibrous root of Welsh onion is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.3366-3374
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• 2010

본 연구는 일개 지역의 노인을 대상으로 고혈압과 당뇨병 유무에 따른 건강관리 및 인식 패턴을 파악하고자 하였다. 고혈압, 당뇨병 유무에 다른 분석 중 군간 유의하게 나타난 생존변수 성별, 결혼상태, 직업, 건강관리방법, 연령대를 기초로 만성질환에 따른 패턴을 CART로 연구하였다. 직업군 패턴 결과 농업 직업군에서는 당뇨병이 가장 높은 빈도를 나타냈으나 어업, 공무원 직업군에서는 정상군이 가장 높은 빈도를 나타났다. 직업군이 상업 또는 기타에서는 연령에 80, 90대로 점차 갈수록 당뇨병의 발생 빈도는 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 최근 들어 노인 인구가 증가하고 있는 현실에서 노인들의 질병과 활동제한으로 건강에 문제가 발생하고 있는 시점에서 생활기능의 증가를 통하여 노인의 삶을 높이고, 노인들의 삶의 질적인 면까지 고려하여 건강하고 만족하는 생활을 하면서 여생을 보낼 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.