• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to explore the effects of an admission-education program on knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care and glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients. Method: A single group pre-post test design was used. Twenty-one patients participated in this program during 6 days which consisted of education and practice about exercise, diet, self-care and prevention of complications. Variables at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were measured. Results: Knowledge level, self-care level and self-efficacy were significantly increased over time after the admission-education program. The $HbA_1C$ level and glucose level in urine were significantly decreased over time after the admission-education program. Conclusion: The admission-education program can increase levels of knowledge, self-care, self-efficacy and decrease glucose levels. Therefore, this admissioneducation program was shown to have a positive effect on the management of diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the status and factors associated with self-management behavior (SMB) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a border area of southwest China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with T2DM patients in Dali, China. The participants filled in the questionnaires including demographic and disease-related characteristics, psychosocial status, resources of DM knowledge, knowledge of DM care, competency in DM care skills, the Chinese Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (C-DMSES), and the Chinese Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (C-SDSCA). All the data were analyzed with SPSS version 26. Multiple linear regression analysis examined associations between predictors and SMB. Results: A total of 470 valid questionnaires have been collected. The score for overall SMB was 50.71± 11.99; 19.6% of patients were at a good level, 48.3% were moderate, and 32.1% were poor. The significant factors that influenced SMB included self-efficacy (β= 0.37; p< .001), competency in DM care skills (β= 0.22; p< .001) and lacked in the treatment confidence (β= -0.09; p= .023). Conclusion: The level of self-management among T2DM patients in this area was medium-low state. For future studies, our findings suggest that self-efficacy, competency in DM care skills, and treatment confidence should be considered essential factors in improving the self-management behavior of T2DM patients in the border area of southwest China.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

Purpose: This study evaluated the acquisition and retention effects on diabetes knowledge and academic self-efficacy of patient simulation-based hypoglycemia scenario using a high-fidelity simulator. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest repeated measures quasi-experimental design determined if nursing simulation using a high-fidelity simulator helps students acquire and retain diabetes knowledge and academic self-efficacy. A total of 101 nursing students from two universities participated in this study, comprising the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=52) at a university in S city comprised participants in an adult nursing class, nursing practicum, and simulation education. The control group (n=49) at a university in C city participated in an adult nursing class and nursing practicum without simulation education. Results: The experimental group had statistically significant group-time interaction effects on diabetes knowledge (p=.044) and self-confidence (p<.001) of academic self-efficacy compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the patient simulation-based hypoglycemia scenario using a high-fidelity simulator applied to nursing education is useful in encouraging nursing students to engage in strategies with acquisition and retention effects, enhancing their diabetes knowledge and self-confidence of academic self-efficacy. Therefore, educators should use simulation programs effectively with nursing classes and practicum to enhance the effects of nursing competencies.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Diabetic patients (N=160) were interviewed from November, 2003 to June, 2004. The 24 hour dietary recall, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for patient with Type 2 diabetes, the Revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure Scale and Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index were used to measure the predictors. Data were analyzed by descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: Mean dietary intakes of the participants were protein(P) of 64.5g, carbohydrate(C) of 280.74g, fat(F) of 30g, and calcium of 511.45mg. The ratio of CPF was 75:17:8. About 45% of the participants didn't exercise on a regular basis. The levels of self-efficacy, self-care, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were moderate. Self-efficacy was the most important predictor of cardiovascular risk factors along with self-care, exercising for more than 6 months, carbohydrate intakes and levels of physical activities. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that intervention programs increasing self-efficacy on diabetic management would be more beneficial than the fractional approach focusing only on diet or physical activities.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of diabetes education program on Glucose Metabolism(blood sugar, HbA1c) and Lipid Metabolism(total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein), Self-efficacy in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from March 12 to June 19, 2001. Sixty-two research subjects were assigned to experimental(36) and control(26) groups. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test, t-test by spsswin program The results are as follows : 1. Experimental group had higher level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS ; t=-3.317, p=.002, HbA1c; t=-4.956, p=.000). 2. Level of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between experimental group and control group(Triglyceride ; t=-2.108, p=.039). 3. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=4.651, p=.000). In conclusion, the study supported the effects of diabetes education program to increase metabolism an d self-efficacy. Further study with a longitudinal design is suggested to verify the effect of diabetes education program in NIDDM and standardized diabetes education program.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review behavior change theories in terms of important variables, concept definitions, and applicability to diabetes self-management behavior. Methods: Six behavior change theories (the Transtheoretical Model, the Health Belief Model, the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social cognitive theory, and Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills Model) were reviewed which were applied in diabetes self-management interventions. Results: The five key concepts from the five non-stage behavior change theories were delineated. Based on the key concepts, a theoretical framework was formulated as the explanatory model of diabetes self-management behaviors. The four major concepts in Information-Motivation- Behavioral skills Model were included. The cognitive arm of the proposed theoretical framework included constructs related to diabetes knowledge, motivation (beliefs, attitude, social norm), self-efficacy, and intention. Conclusion: The theoretical framework described here includes the key factors of successful diabetes self- management intervention. However, the concept of motivation needs further exploration and clarification for operationalization.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a diabetes management self-efficacy scale for older adults (DMSES-O). Methods: A preliminary DMSES-O of 22 items was derived from a literature review and seven domains of self-management behaviors. Content validity was confirmed by experts in diabetes self-management education. To test the reliability and validity of the DMSES-O, data were collected from 150 older adults with type 2 diabetes. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis, 17 significant items in six subscales were derived. Factors derived were named "problem solving for hypoglycemia and self-monitoring blood glucose," "problem solving for hyperglycemia," "coping with psychological distress and taking medication," "reducing risks of diabetes complications," "appropriate exercise," and "healthy eating." The criterion-related validity of the DMSES-O was established by its correlation with the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, a measure of internal consistency, was .84 for the overall scale and ranged from .54 to .80 for the subscales. Conclusion: The DMSES-O is a reliable and valid instrument to measure selfefficacy for diabetes self-management among older adults.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.457-472
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined how a pair-work based health coaching program for the self-care of elderly diabetic patients effects the patients' diabetes self-management knowledge, perceived social support, diabetes self-efficacy, and diabetes self-management behaviors in patients with diabetes. Method: The participants of this study were 55 elderly diabetic patients aged 65 years or older enrolled at elderly welfare centers in U city;26 patients in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The program consisted of eight group coaching sessions and four sessions of phone-based individual interviews and coaching, that were implemented once a week for 12 weeks. Results: Compared to the control groups, the experimental group showed significant improvement in self-care knowledge, social support, diabetes self-efficacy, self-management behavior, fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin level. Conclusion: The health coaching program is an effective intervention for the self-management of elderly diabetics.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.426-435
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients. Method: Data were collected from November, 2003 to June, 2004 using a physiological index and questionnaires. Patients(N=159) aged 40 and above were conveniently recruited from health care centers in B city. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results: The cardiovascular risk factors were negatively related with female gender, household monthly income, educational experience about diabetes, physical activity, self-care, self-efficacy and problem oriented coping, while positively related with the duration of diabetes, diabetic family history and depression. Self-care, diabetic family history, female gender, monthly household income, self-efficacy, affective-oriented coping and physical activity predicted 41.5% of the variance in cardiovascular risk factors of diabetic patients. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, we concluded that cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients are related to the modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Self-care, self-efficacy, affective oriented coping, and physical activity were identified as modifiable variables. Intervention programs to increase those variables are warranted to reduce cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1203-1211
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the factor-related oral care self-efficacy among the type 2 diabetic patients. Methods : Questionnaire was conducted with 174 Type 2 diabetic patients from 9th January to 9th March in 2012. The following conclusion was obtained as a result of carrying out t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results : 1. Analysis of the level of each item concerning oral care self-efficacy showed tooth brushing self-efficacy was $13.3{\pm}2.9$, the highest of all. 2. The factor that was most highly related with oral care self-efficacy was oral health behaviors(${\beta}=0.474$). The other factors were found to be expected duration of diabetes(${\beta}=-0.205$), self-assessed physical health(${\beta}=0.177$) and oral health(${\beta}=0.111$) in such order (p<0.05). Conclusions : Diabetes causes a variety of complications in the mouth, and therefore it is very important to practice oral care activity in order to oral health promotion. This study showed oral care self-efficacy appeared to be the greatest factor of relevance in practicing oral care activity. So, dental hygienist is obliged to keep on motivating so that the patient may maintain the oral care activity for him/herself. Also, a study on various intervention methods to improve oral care self-efficacy should be continued.