• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

The ${\beta}-glucosidase$ from olive fruit is of particular interest compared to the ones from other sources because it has shown to have high specifity to convert the oleuropein into dialdehydes, which have antibacterial activity and are of high interest for their application in the food and pharmaceutical fields. The enzyme is not yet commercially available and advanced clean and safe technologies for its purification able to maintain the functional stability are foreseen. The purification of this protein from fruit extracts has been already tempted by electrophoresis but either enzyme deactivation or high background with unclear profiles occurred. In this work, fruit extracts obtained from the ripening stage that showed the highest enzyme activity have been processed by diafiltration and ultrafiltration. Asymmetric membranes made of polyamide or polysulphone having 50 and 30 kDa molecular weight cut-off, respectively, were tested for the diafiltration process. Ultrafiltration membranes made of polyethersulfone with 4 kDa molecular weight cut-off were used to concentrate the dia-filtered permeate solutions. The efficiency of the separation processes was evaluated byenzyme activity tests using the hydrolysis of p-D-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc) as reaction model. Qualitative and quantitative electrophoresis were applied to analyze the composition of protein solution before and after the membrane separation; in addition dot blot and western blot analyses were applied to verify the presence of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ in the processed fractions. The overall results showed that the ${\beta}-glucosidase$ functional stability was preserved during the membrane operations and the removal of 20 kDa proteins allowed to increase the specific activity of the enzyme of about 52% compared to the one present in the initial fruit extract.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.513-533
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• 1994

The smooth surface after polishing of composite resin contributes to the patient's comfort, and appearance and longevity of the restoration. This study was performed for the quantitative analysis of the effects of the various finishing and polishing instruments on the surface roughness and reflectivity of the microfill, and hybrid composite resins. Cylindrical specimens 2mm thick and 10mm in diameter of Silux Plus, Durafill VS ; Z100, Prisma TPH, Brilliant, and Herculite XR composite resin were polymerized under the matrix strip. 18 specimens for each composite resin materials were divided into 6 groups ; 5 experimental groups were abraded with # 600 sand paper to remove resin-rich layer, except control. Thereafter, using diamond bur(Mani Dia-Burs), carbide bur(E. T. carbide set 4159), rubber point(Composite polishing kit), aluminum-oxide disk(Sof-Lex disk), polishing paste(Enhance system) ; each specimen was polished to its best achievable surface according to manufacturer's directions. Final polished surfaces were evaluated for the surface roughness with profilometer(${\alpha}$-step 200, Tencor instruments, USA) and for the reflectivity with image analyser(Omniment Image Analyser, Buehler, USA). The results were as follows. 1. Polishing paste or aluminum-oxide disk finish in the microfill, and hybrid composite resins was as smooth as matrix strip finish on the surface roughness test. 2. Polishing paste or aluminum-oxide disk finish in the microfill ; polishing paste finish in the hybrid composite resins was as reflective as matrix strip finish on the refectivity test. 3. For the polishing paste, there were no significant differences between the composite resin materials on the surface roughness and refectivity tests. 4. For the aluminum-oxide disk, the best result was obtained with the microfill composite resin on the surface roughness and reflectivity test. 5. Diamond bur, carbide bur, and rubber point were inappropriate for the final polishing instruments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to investigate the morphological and structual characters and the dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) concerned vegetational structure of orchardgrass pastures by the times of year, from 1 year to 7 year previous, 1986 through 1980, alternately. This experiment was carried out on the experimental fields of Yonsei University. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Population density (PD) was extremely decreased by the times of year. 2. Pasture productivity was highest at 3 year old pasture, was lowest at 5 year old pasture and was recovered at 7 year old pasture. 3. Recovery of pasture productivity was followed the increase of dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) and number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.). 4. The population density of 7 year old pasture was 14 plants per square meter. 5. The number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.), dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) piant length (PL), and plant size (PS) was frequently showed the highest values by the times of established year. 6. The stubble diameter (DIA), stubble area (SB), plant size (PS), distance between neibour plant (DIS) and leaf alea index (LAI) was increased according to the times of year. 7. The dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) was positively significant correlations with the number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.) all of the established pastures, but the dry weight of a tiller (WT) was tended to increase of correlations with the dry weight of plant (DW/pl.) by the times of year. 8. Differences between morphological and structual characters was recognized according to the times of year.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 1993

This study was performed to evaluate the role of Waters' view and panoramic view for the interpretation of mucosal cyst of the maxillary sinus and to determine the radiographic features of that according to the sites and sizes. For this study, clinically 25 cases of mucosal cyst of the maxillary sinus were used, and experimentally with two dry skulls, rubber ball of 15mm in diameter for marked radiopacity, and two jelly balls of 8 and 20㎜ in diameter for the similar radiopacity to cyst were used. The 25 cases with 25 panoramic views and 15 Waters' views were first analyzed, and secondly, the radiographic features of artificial lesions attached to the each wall of the antrum on Waters' view and panoramic view were analyzed. The obtained results were as follows: At clinical analysis, 1. 4 cases of 13-14㎜, 4 cases of 15-19mm, 14 cases of 20-25㎜, 3 cases of over 30㎜ in dia- meter were found on panoramic views. And 24 cases of 25 cases showed no relationship with teeth, and only 1 case was associated with advanced periodontal disease 2. The majority of mucosal cysts appeared to arise the posterior portion of the floor of the sinus and were superimposed with the inominate line of zygoma and the horizontally linear image of hard palate on panoramic view. 3. Only 2 cases of 15 cases were identified on both films. At experimental analysis, 4. On Waters' view, the images of the artificial lesion of the anterior portion and midportion of the floor of the sinus were lessend in diameter compared with the real size. On panoramic views, the images of the lesion were more radiolucent with lessened diameter than images on Water' view. 5. The images of the lesion of the posterior wall and the posterior portion of the floor of sinus on panoramic view were well detected by the preeducated group but not or poorly detected by the non-preeducated observer group. 6. On Waters' view, both observer groups recognized that the cystic images of the posterior portion of the floor of the maxillary sinus were superimposed with the petrous portion of the skull.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1990

Newly developed LiF(Mg, Cu, Na, Si) thermoluminescence phosphors sealed in a plastic capsules (32mm dia., 0.9mm wall thickness) were used for in-phantom dosimetry of $^{60}Co$ $\gamma$-irradiation. The absorbed doses in water were determined by applying the general cavity theory to the absorbed dose in TLD cavity, which was computed from exposure. The absorbed doses at various sites in the water-phantom were measured by LiF(Mg, Cu, Na, Si) TLD and compared with doses obtained by the ionization method. Both results were consistent within the experimental fluctuation$({\pm}3%)$ Central axis percentage depth doses and phantom-air ratios measured by LiF(Mg. Cu, Na, Si) TLD showed good agreement with the published values[Br. J. Radiology, Suppl. 17(1983)].

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2011

Glass-ceramic materials, which consist of glass matrix phase containing crystalline ${\beta}-Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ and ${\beta}-Ca_2P_2O_7$, have been prepared by heating at $750-900^{\circ}C$ of calcium phosphate invert glasses in the silica-free $CaO-P_2O_5-TiO_2-Na_2O$, system. With increasing heating temperature from 750 to $900^{\circ}C$, the crystallite size of precipitated ${\beta}-Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ in glass with $55CaO{\cdot}35P_2O_5{\cdot}3TiO_2{\cdot}7Na_2O$ (mol%) composition increased from 48 to 91 nm. With the extension of the immersion time in dilute acetic acid solution (pH = 5) to ${\geq}$200 min, the degree of dissolution of $Ca^{2+}$ and $P^{5+}$ ions in the glass-ceramics was linearly increased and the solution was constantly maintained at pH = ~7. Biomimetic nanostructured (62-88 nm in average dia.), sphere-shaped hydroxyapatite was homogeneously formed on the surface of the glass-ceramics when socked for 7-14 days in a Hanks' solution, indicating bioactivity of the prepared glass-ceramics.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.1 s.23
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

Stainless steel is very famous for using of industrials structure and joint elements. Stainless steel wire drawing is one of the most ancient crafts. But there's not any standard size of tapered die during tile drawing. This paper was studied die angle and dimension of whole die by using AFDEX drawing simulator. Stress, metal flow and strain rate was analyzed by AFDEX tools during the wire drawing. So optimum data of during dies was taken from them. Simulation data was correspond with experimental data. The results of the optimum dies are shown that (1) Reduction angle is $13.8^{\circ}$ (2) Bark relief angle is $20^{\circ}$ (3) Bearing length is 0.7975mm (4) Bearing dia is 0.2393mm The research of the optimum result when the make dies is connected an enterprise. After researching, I hope that indirection effect creation make development situation of the manufactural technical, practical application of the other die size by the detail data, utility factor and economical efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2000

Experiments were carried out to obtain the effects of nozzle configuration and jet to jet spacing on the heat transfer characteristics of single line of circular water jets impinging on a constant heat flux plane surface. The nozzle configurations are Cone type, Reverse cone type and Vertical circular type, and the nozzle arrays are single jet(nozzle dia. 8 mm), 1 row of 3 jets and 1 row of 5 jets. Jet velocities ranging from 3m/s to 8m/s were investigated for the nozzle to target plate spacing of 80 mm. For the Cone and Reverse cone type nozzle arrays, the average Nusselt number of 1 row of 5 jets was larger than that of 1 row of 3 jets at Re$_{D}$<45000, but that of 1 row of 3 jets was larger than that of 1 row of 5 jets at $Reo\le45000$. For the Vertical circular type nozzle, however, the average Nusselt number of 1 row of 3 jets was larger than that of 1 row of 5 jets at all jet velocities. In the condition of fixed mass flow rates, the maximum heat transfer augmentation was obtained for 1 row of 5 jets and was over 2 times larger than that of the single jet for all nozzle configurations. The nozzle configurations that produce the maximum average Nusselt number are as follows: For 1 row of 3 jets, the Vertical circular type at $Reo\le45000$ and the Reverse cone type at $Reo\le45000$. But, they are the Reverse cone type at Re$_{D}$<55000 and the Vertical circular type at$Reo\le55000$ for 1 row of 5 jets.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2001

Little is known about processing mechanism of pain sensation of the oral cavity at the 1st synapse of trigeminal sensory nuclei. Serial ultrathin sections of tooth pulp afferent terminals, identified by the transganglionic transport of 1% wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase, were investigated with electron microscope. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis was performed on digitizing tablet connected to Macintoshi personal computer (software; NIH Image 1.60, NIH, Bethesda, MD). Labeled boutons could be classified into two types by the shapes of containing vesicles : S bouton, which contained mainly spherical vesicles (Dia. 45-55 nm) and few large dense cored vesicles (Dia, 80-120nm), and LDCV bouton, which contained spherical vesicles as well as large number of large dense cored vesicles. Most of the parameters on the ultrastructural characteristic and synaptic organization of labeled boutons were similar between S and LDCV boutons, except shapes of containing vesicles. Majority of the labeled boutons showed simple synaptic arrangement. The labeled boutons were frequency presynaptic to dendritic spine, and to a lesser extent, dendritic shaft. They rarely synapsed with soma and adjacent proximal dendrite. A small proportion of labeled boutons made synaptic contacts with presynaptic, pleomorphic vesicles containing endings and synaptic triad. Morphometric parameters of labeled boutons including volume and surface area, total apposed area, mitochondrial volume, active zone area, vesicle number and density showed wide variation and these were not significantly different between S and LDCV boutons. The present study revealed characteristic features on ultrastructure and synaptic connection of pulpal afferents which may involved in transmission of oral pain sensation.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2012

Background: Despite modern advances in laboratory automated medicine, work-process in the blood bank is still handled manually. Several automated immunohematological instruments have been developed and are available in the market. The IH-1000 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), a fully automated instrument for immunohematology, was recently introduced. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the IH-1000 for ABO/Rh typing and irregular antibody screening. Methods: In October 2011, a total of 373 blood samples for ABO/Rh typing and 303 cases for unexpected antibody screening were collected. The IH-1000 was compared to the manual tube and slide methods for ABO/Rh typing and to the microcolumn agglutination method (DiaMed-ID system) for antibody screening. Results: For ABO/Rh typing, concordance rate was 100%. For unexpected antibody screening, positive results for both column agglutination and IH-1000 were observed in 10 cases (four cases of anti-E and c, three of anti-E, one of anti-D, one of anti-M, and one of anti-Xg) and negative results for both were observed in 289 cases. The concordance rate between IH-1000 and column agglutination was 98.7%. Sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 99.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The automated IH-1000 showed good correlation with the manual tube and slide methods and the microcolumn agglutination method for ABO-RhD typing and irregular antibody screening. The IH-1000 can be used for routine pre-transfusion testing in the blood bank.