• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-379
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• 1993

The bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(Norland XR26 DEXA) in 80 children aged between 2months and 15years (group 1 : 2month-1years, group 2 : 1year-5years, group 3 : 6years-10years, group 4 : 11years-15years). The correlation coefficient of BMD with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage were 0.696, 0.693, 0.717 and 0.636 respectively. There were significant difference in BMD($g/cm^2$) between group 1(BMD : $0.335{\pm}0.175$) and group 2(BMD : $0.627{\pm}0.200$). and group 3(BMD : $0.714{\pm}0.189$) and group 4(BMD : $0.873{\pm}0.163$)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of BMD between boys and girls(P<0.05). BMD also increased significantly with development of Tanner stages(Tanner stage 1 : $0.547{\pm}0.234$, Tanner stage 2 : $0.783{\pm}0.136$, Tanner stage 3 : $0.998{\pm}0.080$ )(P<0.05). These data indicate that the BMD was correlated with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage significantly and BMD increased significantly during growth spurt occured in 1 to 4years of age and puberty.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to search for the type of technical error in DEXA(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and the effect of error to measurement of BMD. Materials and Methods: The changes of BMD($g/cm^2$, T-score) by patients information(Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) input error and Confirming ROI error were investigated. Using spine phantom, we canned 10 times by age(5, 10), weight(10, 20 kg), height(5, 10 cm), manopause age(5, 10) increase & decrease respectively. Scanning region(L-spine, femur, Forearm) of 10 patients was calculated by changing ROI respectively. Analysis of difference for mean(precision 1%) were carried out. Results: The error of patient information(Age, Weight, Height, Manopause age) was not changed differently. In confirming ROI, the BMD and T-score of L-spine involving T-12 was decreased to $0.063\;g/cm^2$, 0.3 and involving L-5 increased to $0.077\;g/cm^2$, 0.5. In narrowing 1 cm of vertical line of ROI, the BMD and T-score decreased to $0.006\;g/cm^2$, 0.1 and in 2 cm, $0.021\;g/cm^2$, 0.15, each. In hip ROI, Upper and left shift(0.5 cm) of line was not influenced BMD and T-score. In 0.5 cm lower shift(lesser trochanter below), the BMD and T-score increased $0.031\;g/cm^2$, 0.3 and in 1 cm $0.094\;g/cm^2$, 0.65, each. In forearm ROI, the BMD and T-score decreased $0.042\;g/cm^2$, 0.9 involving 1 cm lower wrist. And expanding 1 cm of vertical line, the BMD and T-score decreased $0.008\;g/cm^2$, 0.1 and in 2 cm, $0.021\;g/cm^2$, 0.3, each. The L-spine, hip, forearm ROI error was changed differently. Conclusion: There are so many kinds of technical error in BMD processing. Errors according to age, weight, height, manopause age did not influent to $BMD(g/cm^2)$ and T-score. There are mean differences BMD and T-score in confirming ROI. For the precision exam, in L-spine processing, L1-4 have to confirmed without shift of ROI vertical line. In hip processing, the ROI have to included greater trochanter, femur head and lesser trochanter. In forearm processing, the ROI have to included wrist, radius and ulnar.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. It is a natural part of aging and can lead to decreased mobility and increased frailty. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is involved in muscle protein degradation, is closely linked to sarcopenia. Germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis hydrolysate (GRH) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but there have been no reports on its inhibitory effect on muscle reduction. However, no study has yet explored the relationship between GRH and muscle loss inhibition. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GRH on muscle atrophy inhibitory activity in dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy C2C12 myotubes and mouse models. Moreover, we identified a molecular pathway underlying the effects of GRH on skeletal muscle. May Grunwald-Giemsa staining showed that the length and area of myotubes increased in the groups treated with GRH. In addition, the GRH-treated group significantly reduced the expression of muscle ring finger protein 1 and muscular atrophy F-box (MAFbx) in the Dexa-induced muscular atrophy C2C12 model. GRH also improved muscle strength in C57BL/6 mice with Dexa-induced muscle atrophy, resulting in prolonged running exhaustive time and increased grip strength. We found that muscle strengthening by GRH was correlated with a decreased expression of the MAFbx gene in mouse muscle tissue. In conclusion, GRH can attenuate Dexa-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via downregulation of the MAFbx gene expression.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.351-352
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 근적외선대역의 광원을 이용하여 생체측정 시 에러로 작용하는 피하지방층의 두께를 추정하는 방법의 가능성에 대해 검토한다. 현재까지 피하지방층의 두께측정을 위해서는 초음파장비나 CT, Dexa 장비 등 고가의 장비로 측정을 하는방법 이외는 특별한 수단이 없는 것이 현실이다. 정확한 측정을 위해 피하지방층의 두께를 제거하는 것이 일반적인 연구의 목적이나 본 연구에서는 이들 피하지방 두께 측정을 최근 주목받고 있는 건강에 적용하고자 한다. 본 연구의 피하지방층의 두께추정방법의 가능성이 보여진다면 체지방측정에 있어 몸 전체의 체지방을 추측하는 방식인 BIA방식의 체지방측정방법과 비교하여 특정부위에 대한 피하지방층 측정도 가능할 것이라는 기대도 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.837-846
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• 1999

There were few reports about the fluoride concentration in bone and osteoporotic women. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the urinary fluoride concentration and periodontal condition in osteoporotic old women. Twentyeight postmenopausal women(Test group) and twenty-one premenopausal women(Control group) were examined. Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The urine samples were collected at early morning and determined with the help of a fluoride-specific electrode and Tisabbufferd samples. The results were as follows. 1. The mean urinary fluoride concentration in test and control group showed statistically no difference. 2. The bone mineral density(BMD) of the spine in test group was significantly lower than control group(p<0.05). 3. The significant negative correlation was found between BMD level and age after menopause $(p<0.001,\;{\gamma}=-0.526$. 4. The urinary fluoride concentration was not correlated with age, age after menopause and bone mineral density. 5. The urinary fluoride concentration was not correlated with periodontal condition.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of calcium intake , serum calcium level to calcium supplementation and the effect of nutritional education in middle-aged women. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Daily nutrient intakes and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by convenient method and food frequency questionnaire. At the same time, fasting blood samples were collected and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured before and after nutritional education. The BMD of subjects were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA). Serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly(p<0.05) different between pre and post nutritional education. After nutritional education, nutrient intakes were significantly increased(p<0.05), especially calcium. This results suggested that dietary calcium intake as well as nutritional education seem to be important in preventing in middle-aged women.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2020

We report a case of a healthy 38-year-old man presenting with insufficiency fracture of proximal tibia associated with unrecognized osteoporosis. Radiologic bone DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) assessment revealed osteoporosis, but the patient displayed no apparent risk factors for insufficiency fractures and osteoporosis except for a history of smoking. Following right proximal tibial open reduction and internal fixation, the patient commenced smoking cessation and began taking alendronate. The patient was treated for gait rehabilitation, which included quadriceps strengthening exercises and his condition improved with independent walking. This report highlights an unusual site of proximal tibial insufficiency fractures and the potential effect of smoking on low bone mineral density in a young male patient.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2010

This study tested how S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) ratios and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values vary with different T-scores in a group of patients with osteoporosis. Based on DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) T-scores for L1.L4 for two groups of subjects consisting of 30 healthy people without osteoporosis and 30 patients who came for treatment of waist (lumbar or low back) pain and were suspected to have osteoporosis as judged from the simple X-ray findings, this study classified every spine into two groups of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Signal intensity measurements were made in the four regions of L1 to L4 on diffusion-weighted MR images obtained using 1.5T MR scanner, while ADC measurements were obtained from ADC map images. As an approach for quantitative analysis, the comparison of the variances in S/N ratios and ADC values for varying T-scores in the selected regions of interest was carried out based on averaged T-scores, S/N ratios, and ADC values. Also, the variances in S/N ratios and ADC values for each of the groups of osteoporosis and osteopenia, which were classified into by T-scores, were compared. For qualitative analysis, a careful naked eye examination of signal intensity differences in the area of L4 was made on T1-weighted sagittal images for each of the healthy (normal), osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. In the qualitative analysis, it was found that for both the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, as T-scores deceased, the S/N ratios on diffusion-weighted MR images also decreased, with the greatest decrease in the S/N ratio found in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest S/N ratio was found in the osteoporosis group. With respect to ADC map, it was found that for both the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group, as T-scores deceased, the ADC values on diffusion-weighted MR images also decreased, with the greatest decrease in the ADC values found in the osteoporosis group. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest ADC value was found in the osteoporosis group. On the other hand, in the qualitative analysis, the osteoporosis group showed the highest signal intensity. Additionally, among the three groups, the lowest signal intensity was found in the healthy (normal) group. It was found that as osteoporosis progressed, S/N ratio and ADC decreased, whereas signal intensity increased on T1-weighted images. Also, in diagnosing osteoporosis, MRI tests turned out to be (more) effective.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

Objectives : To compare jaw bone density of young adults (control group) and post-menopausal women(experimental group) in periapical and panoramic film. Materials and Methods : The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) and T scores of lumbar were obtained. T scores were classified into 3 group (T<-2.5, $-2.5{\leqq}T<-1$, $-1{\leqq}T$). Radiographic densities of alveolar bones were measured from interdental bones of premolar, molar areas in the maxilla and mandible and expressed into copper step wedge thickness by Scion $Image^{(R)}$ program. We considered these values of step wedge thickness as bone density of alveolar bone. Panorama mandibular index(PMI) was calculated by the method that the height of the inferior cortex of the mandible was divided by the height from the lower border of the mandible to the superior edge of the mental foramen. Bone density of alveolar bone and PMI were analysed statistically. Results : There were significant differences in bone mineral density of lumbar and femoral neck between control and experimental groups. There were also significant differences in bone density of premolar and molar area of jaw between control and experimental groups by MANOVA test. When considered lumbar T variables, there was only difference in interdental bone density of maxillary molar area between control and experimental group, but there was interaction. Interdental bone density of experimental group was appeared higher in $-1{\leqq}T$ group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. There was significant difference in PMI between control and experimental groups, but there was also inter action, thus, PMI of experimental group was appeared higher in $-1{\leqq}T$ group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. Conclusion : There were significant differences of alveolar density and cortical bone thickness between young men and post-menopausal women in periapical and panoramic film. These differences were dependent on lumbar T.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2015

Use of forearm and hip joint bone density scan and find the clinical usefulness of the results that can be inferred as a result of any other region sites injured by a correction factor which if One part up. Groups of 60 patients, 10 patients by age 20-70 were composed of patients measured with the forearm and lumbar spine bone mineral density T-score and Z-score of the survey for each of the three factors that it was Find the correction factor to obtain the relationship. Bone mineral density of the correlation coefficient R = 0.8 correction factor is Y = 1.341X + 0.146. T-score of correlation coefficient R = 0.804 and the correction factor Y = 0.565X - 0.327 is Z-score of the correlation coefficient R = 0.637 correction factor Y = 0.539X - 0.225. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part. It will be able to determine an auxiliary role in the clinical diagnosis. Correction factor to the equation Y = 1.341X + 0.146 is recommended.