• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2023

Although many thermal power plants use heat recovery systems, high exhaust gas temperatures are maintained due to corrosion at dew points and ash deposits caused by condensate formation. The dew point of exhaust gas is primarily determined by the concentration of SO₃ and steam, and various experiments and calculation equations have been employed to estimate it. However, these methods are known to be less suitable for exhaust gases with low SO₃ concentrations. Therefore, in this study, since the temperature of the exhaust gas is expected to decrease due to the low-load operation of the coal-fired power plant, sulfuric acid condensation and low-temperature corrosion are anticipated. We aimed to conduct a quantitative evaluation to propose ways to prevent damage by limiting operating conditions and improving facilities. The experimental results showed that the corrosion rate increased linearly with rising temperatures at a certain sulfuric acid concentration. Furthermore, variations in sulfuric acid concentrations generated during the current power plant operation process did not significantly affect the dew point, and the dew point of sulfuric acid under these conditions was observed to be between 120 - 130 ℃.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 2022

Environmental pollution caused by power plant exhaust gas is highlighted and eco-friendly regulations are being strengthened. However, due to the abundant reserves and low prices of coal, still the most used for power generation in the world. Therefore, flexible operation of coal-fired power plants to reduce emissions has become an inevitable option. However, lowering the output increases the possibility of acid dew point corrosion as the exhaust gas temperature decreases. The dew point corrosion occurs when condensable gases such as SO₃, HCl, NO₂ and H₂O cools below the saturation temperature. SO₃ is already well known to cause severe low- temperature corrosion in coal-fired power plants. Therefore, this study aims to prevent damage that may occur during operation by analyzing the dew point and corrosion resistance with exhaust gas temperature and sulfuric acid concentration of the power plant economizer tube.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.600-610
• /
• 1995

When combustion gas is cooled down below the dew point of sulfuric acid vapor in the heat recovery systems, condensation occurs. Since the condensed sulfuric acid solution causes low-temperature corrosion in materials, it is important to measure the SOx dew point by electric measurement. In this study, two kinds of probes having electric gaps of 1mm or 2mm were used. and experiments were carried out by the parameters of sulfuric acid vapor and water vapor concentration. The changes of electric current caused by sulfuric acid condensed on the surface of probe according to the cooling rate and the probe head surface temperature were sudied. The opimum cooling rate was decreased with the increasing of water vaper concentration regardless of sulfuric acid concentration. The sensitivity of electric current is improved for the narrower gap(1mm) of ring electrodes, but it rarely affects the SOx dew point measuring of different probes according to the change of cooling rate.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 2011

In the current paper, we are reporting the results from an investigation of the surface and sub-surface oxidation of a TRIP steel containing 2 wt.% Mn and 0.5 wt.% Al with and without 0.03 wt.% Sb. The oxidizing conditions in the gas were successively varied in terms of the linear gas flow-rate and dew-point, from conditions were gas-phase mass transport limited conditions prevailed, to those were solid state processes became the rate determining conditions. It was found, that at sufficient low oxidizing conditions (defined as flow-rate/dew-point), the metal surfaces were clear of any external oxides, and as the oxidizing conditions were increased, Mn- and Si- oxide nodules formed along with magnetite. As the oxidizing conditions were increased further, a dense magnetite layer was present. The limits of the various regions were experimentally quantified and a proposed hypothesis for their occurrences is presented. No obvious effect of Sb was noted in this micro-structural research of the oxides that results from the various conditions investigated in this study.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2010

The characteristics of selective oxidation prior to hot-dip galvanizing with the annealing atmosphere dew point and chemical composition in dual-phase steels and their effect on the inhibition layer formation relevant to coating adhesion have been studied using a combination of electron microscopic and surface analytical techniques. The annealed and also galvanized samples of 3 kinds of Si/Mn ratios with varied amounts of Si addition were prepared by galvanizing simulator. The dew point was controlled at soaking temperature $800^{\circ}C$ in 15%$H_2$ -85%$N_2$ atmosphere. It was shown that good adhesion factors were mainly uniformity of oxide particle distribution of low number density and low Si/Mn ratio prior to hot-dip galvanizing. Their effect was the greatly reduced coating bare spots and the formation of uniform inhibition layer leading to good adhesion of Zn overlay. The mechanism of good adhesion is suggested by two processes: the formation of inhibition layer on the oxide free surface uncovered with no $SiO_2$-containing particles in particular, and the inhibition layer bridging of oxide particles. The growth of inhibition layer was enhanced markedly by the delayed reaction of Fe and Al with the increase of Si/Mn ratio.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.252-263
• /
• 1983

In the briquet-burning hot water boiler the $SO_x$-dew point is calculated and found to be between $130^{\circ}C\;and\;154^{\circ}C$. The corrosion rate depends on the surface temperature and the concentration of the condensate on the surface. The concentration of the condensate is decided acoording to the difference detween $SO_x$-dew point and the surface temperature. When the surface temperature is $80^[\circ}C$, the concentration of the condensate is also high (0.15N). Therefore the high concentration and high temperature promote the high corrosion rate of $14{\times}13^{-3}g/100cm^2{\cdot}hr$ on the SS41 material. On the other hand, when the surface temperatures are $60^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, the concentrations and the co..sion rates are reduced dramatically to $0.11\;N,\;8.6{\tiems}10^{-3}g/100cm^2{\cdot}hr$ and $5{\tiems}10^{-4}g/100cm^2{\cdot}hr$ respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2021

In this study, Inconel 625 was used as a thermal spray material to prevent dew point corrosion damage to the economizer tube, and sealing treatment was performed after applying the arc thermal spray coating technology. Various electrochemical experiments were conducted in the 0.5 wt% sulfuric acid solution to analyze the corrosion resistance of the thermal spray coating (TSC) layer. After the anodic polarization experiment, the degree of corrosion damage was determined through a scanning electron microscope and EDS component analysis. When measuring the open circuit potential, the effect of the sealing treatment was confirmed through stable potential formation of the TSC+sealing treatment (TSC+Sealing). As a result of the anodic polarization experiment, the passivation region was confirmed in TSC and TSC+Sealing, and corrosion resistance was improved as no corrosion damage was observed. In addition, the corrosion resistance of TSC+Sealing was the best when analyzing the corrosion potential and corrosion current density calculated by Tafel analysis.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2019

Corrosion failure in the convection part of peak load boiler (PLB) of the district heating system led to water leakage. Herein, Internal Rotary Inspection System (IRIS) inspection was employed to examine wall thinning and the cause of leakage in the flue tube. The corrosive products of the turbulator and tube were investigated using scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Majority of the serious corrosion damage was observed near the turbulator located in the upper flue tube. ICP analysis of the boiler water revealed oxide formation of sodium chloride in the lower end part of the flue tube. A cross-sectional view of the turbulator revealed the presence of double-layers of the oxide film, indicating environmental change during operation associated with water leakage. The outer surface of the turbulator consisted of the acid oxides such as $NO_x$ and $SO_x$ along with sodium and chloride ions. Dew-point corrosion is hypothesized as the main cause for the formation of acid oxides in the region of contact of the flue tube and the turbulator.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2011

The selective surface oxidation of a transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP) steel containing 1.6 wt.% Mn and 1.5 wt.% Si during annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ was investigated for its influence on the formation of an inhibition layer during hot-dip galvanizing. The selective oxidation of the alloying elements and the oxide morphology were significantly influenced by the annealing atmosphere. The pure $N_{2}$ atmosphere with a dew point $-40^{\circ}C$ promoted the selective oxidation of Mn as a crystalline $Mn_{2}SiO_{4}$ phase, whereas the $N_{2}$ + 10% $H_{2}$ atmosphere with the same dew point $-40^{\circ}C$ promoted the selective oxidation of Si as an amorphous Si-rich oxide phase. During hot-dip galvanizing, the $Mn_{2}SiO_{4}$ phase was reduced more readily by Al in the Zn bath than the Si-rich oxide phase. Consequently, the pure $N_{2}$ atmosphere resulted in a higher formation rate of $Fe_{2}Al_{5}$ particles at the Zn/steel interface and better galvanizability than the $N_{2}$ + 10% $H_{2}$ atmosphere.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.154-165
• /
• 2018

During the process of sulfur dioxide removal, flue gas desulfurization equipment provides a serious internal corrosion environment in creating sulfuric acid dew point corrosion. Therefore, the utilities must use the excellent corrosion resistance of steel desulfurization facilities in the atmosphere. Until now, the trend in developing anti-sulfuric acid steels was essentially the addition of Cu, in order to improve the corrosion resistance. The experimental alloy used in this study is Fe-0.03C-1.0Mn-0.3Si-0.15Ni-0.31Cu alloys to which Ru, Zn and Ta were added. In order to investigate the effect of $H_2SO_4$ concentration and the alloying elements, chemical and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed. In a low concentration of $H_2SO_4$ solution, the major factor affecting the corrosion rate of low alloy steels was the exchange current density for $H^+/H_2$ reaction, while in a high concentration of $H_2SO_4$ solution, the major factors were the thin and dense passive film and resulting passivation behavior. The alloying elements reducing the exchange current density in low concentration of $H_2SO_4$, and the alloying elements decreasing the passive current density in high concentration of $H_2SO_4$, together play an important role in determining the corrosion rate of Cu-bearing low alloy steels in a wide range of $H_2SO_4$ solution.