• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.137-157
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• 2002

The clauses of bill of lading(B/L) consist of the terms of contract for the carriage of goods by sea because of clauses of B/L by the mutual agreement of contracting parties. There are some exempted cause of deviation clause in B/L for specific reasons. Then deviation clauses are influenced by Rules of international carriage of goods by sea, because the international rules become the governing law of contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The problem of deviation clauses in B/L is stipulated as follows. "It shall be prerequisite to the Merchant' claim for damages on account of deviation that the merchant's insurance shall first have been cancelled on account of alleged deviation. No deviation shall oust the right to limit liability or damages, and the Carrier shall always be entitled to the full benefit of all privileges, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading and incorporated tariffs." This stipulation should be adjusted according to the confirmed cases, otherwise it will be invalid according to the Hague Rules and Hamburg rules. The sphere of a reasonable deviation in the deviation clause should be interpreted in the connection with the designed voyage and the commercial object of contract for the carriage of goods by sea and the deviation become valid unless the policy, the general object of international rules or the true intention of contracting parties has violated.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

As a satellite positioning system, GPS is designed to provide the information on three dimensional position, velocity, and time all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to obtain what day has the best accuracy and what time has the best accuracy of measuring of forteen-twenty mimutes for effective using of MAGELLAN G.P.S NAV DLX-10 system. The result of measurement maximum deviation value from November, 1997 to March, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 And the result of measurement maximum deviation value during fourteen minutes of April 29, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 1' .9. The result of measurement maximum deviation value during twenty minutes of May 6, 1998 that latitude deviation is 4' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 and that is provid 3' .25, 4' .1 to May 13, 1998. So, we expect efficient use of horizontal position for navigation.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

Background: Tracheal deviations are encountered frequently in head and neck tumors especially in thyroid cancer. Dyspnea and stridor are symptom calling for surgery. The method of evaluation in tracheal deviation is not well established yet. This paper is aimed to suggest objective tools to evaluate tracheal deviation in relation to cervical vertebra. Material and Method: Ten cases of thyroid cancers were recruited retrospectively. Tracheal inner shadow and shape of cervical vertebra were reconstructed three dimensionally using 3D-doctor to compare position of trachea in relation to vertebral body. Extent of deviation was scored in relation to both lateral borders of vertebral body. Angles between trachea and spinous process were measured in axial CT and compared between study group and control group. Results: Deviation scores were statistically significant between study group (mean=1.1) and control group (mean=0) (p=0.0008). Deviation angles at maximal tumor size in study group (mean=160.3 Degrees) and deviation angles of control group (mean=177.1 Degrees) were statistically significant (p=0.0007). Angles at maximal deviation of three dimensional images ages in study group (mean=162.6 Degrees) and deviation angles of control group (mean=177.1 Degrees) were statistically significant (p=0.0089). Conclusion: Tracheal deviation can be evaluated using scoring of three dimensional images and measuring angle between trachea and vertebral spine.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.117-134
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• 2010

Background & Objectives: Recently, problems such as in-school violence of teenagers, gang fight, habitual drinking, smoking, running away from home and group isolation can be regarded as the most fundamental causes of teenagers' deviation. It is said that such fundamental causes are originated from their home, the base for the psychological and behavioral development. Methods: In this study, the data for 3,188 students studying in the 3rd grade at middle school, which have been obtained from the second year survey for the panel of the 2nd grade students in 2004 by to Korea Youth Panel Survey, have been used for the analysis of the study. Results: According to the result of the study, there seems to be no difference between two genders for differences of average values. Regarding the analysis of correlation coefficients between such related variables as domestic violence, self-control, self-worth, self-trust and family relationship (sociability), and teenagers' deviation, When variables increase, teenagers' deviation decreases. Regarding the relationship between domestic violence and teenagers' deviation, physical violence is more related than lingual violence. The relationship between self-control and teenagers' deviation is the highest. By studying the deviation of teenagers exposed to domestic violence and carrying out the regression analysis, physical violence influences, teenagers' deviation was greater. As self-control, self-worth and family relationship(sociability) increase, teenagers' deviation decreases. Regarding the analytic results of this study, the experience of domestic violence seems to influence teenagers' deviation greatly. Among various types of domestic violence, physical violence is analyzed to influence teenagers' deviation greatly. Self-control, self-worth and family relationship(sociability) increase, teenagers' deviation decreases. Conclusions: In order to prevent teenagers' deviation and decrease the second conviction rate, it is necessary to provide a method of decreasing the domestic violence. It is necessary for schools and local communities to provide social support for teenagers.

• 예술경영연구
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• 제50호
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• pp.65-100
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• 2019

본 연구는 도시음악축제에서 일탈성이 어떤 식으로 나타나고 있는지를 이론과 사례를 통해 분석하고자 하였다. 반복적인 일상을 살아가는 현대인들에게 일탈은 삶의 활력을 제공할 수 있는데, 그러한 일탈성을 강하게 체험할 수 있는 곳이 축제현장이다. 따라서 도시축제에서 나타나는 일탈성 양상 분석은 중요한 의의를 지닌다. 이를 위해 우선 일탈과 축제의 관계를 정리하고, 선행 연구 및 축제 사례를 바탕으로 축제에서 나타나는 일탈성의 양상들을 도출하였다. 축제의 일탈성 양상은 크게 시공간적 일탈, 행위적 일탈, 상황적 일탈로 분류할 수 있었다. 각 양상들을 세분화해보면, 시공간적 일탈은 비일상성, 공간 분리, 공간 전유로 분류되었고, 행위적 일탈은 변신과 발산(표출)으로, 상황적 일탈은 역할 전도와 새로운 만남으로 각각 분류되었다. 이러한 분류 결과를 적용하여 광주광역시에서 열리고 있는 ACC월드뮤직 페스티벌에 나타난 일탈성 양상을 분석하였다. 분석은 사진, 기사 등을 이용한 내용 분석 방법을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 ACC월드뮤직페스티벌에서는 시공간적 일탈이 가장 뚜렷하게 나타난 반면, 행위적 일탈이나 상황적 일탈은 약하거나 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이 연구를 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제시한 다양한 일탈성 요소를 전략적으로 축제기획에 활용하여 현대 도시축제의 축제성을 강화하는데 도움이 될것으로 기대한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1999

In order to secure accuracy and effectiveness of the electromagnetic compass as information sensor for ship's head up bearing with gyro compass, magnetic compass and electromagnetic compass on the sea and on the dock in land.The results obtained were as follows;1. Between the Northeast and the southsouthwest the deviation on ship's head up bearing on electromagnetic compass got easterly deviation with max. $53^{\cire}$on the East and between the Southwest and the Northnortheast westerly deviation with max. $34^{\cire}$ on the Northwest, of which values were not able to be corrected due to the angle excess of deviation adjustment.2. The varies of deviation seemed to have a tendency to increase easterly deviation on the Northeast and the East, easterly deviation after westerly deviation between the South and the Northwest, small one on the North and the Southeast.3. The varies of deviation of ship were larger than the one of around the dock, were extreme on the bow of forecastle deck and were stable on the ship's center line of compass deck at the dock in land.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2011

Tension and self-control are explanatory factors in adolescent delinquency, and internet addiction and anonymity are regarded as factors underlying cyber deviation. The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships between these factors and cyber deviation. Participants were 485 middle and high school students in the Jeonbuk region. The results showed that tension and self-control were predictors of cyber deviation and that internet addiction was a mediating variable for both the predictors. Anonymity was found to have a mediating role, but only in respect of the tension-cyber deviation pathway. These findings suggested a number of implications. Firstly, the educational programs on cyber deviation should be different from the existing deviation prevention programs. Secondly, measures to prevent internet addiction are needed for the effective prevention of cyber deviation. Lastly, the finding of a relationship between anonymity and cyber deviation indicates the need to adopt a long-term perspective drawing on values education techniques to develop a code of cyber space ethics for "netizens".

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

The augmentation in social deviation of adolescence is one of the issues that modern society should resolve. Deviation behavior of adolescents is often expressed as clothing behavior being against the social or school rules. Therefore, to understand the social deviation and clothing behavior of adolescents, the study investigated the relationship with the level of social deviation, clothing interest, the attitude toward clothing, and clothing deviation. Survey was utilized to collect the data and subjects were 411 female high school students. Principal component analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. While the level of social deviation of female high school students had no statistically significant influence on the fashion-oriented attitude, clothing interest of them had an effect on the fashion-oriented attitude, suggesting that adolescents, having a high interest in clothing, thought the fashion-oriented attitude as an important clothing attribute. The level of social deviation of subjects had a statistically significant influence on the behavior of clothing deviation. The less the subjects took an interest in clothing and the lower the level of social deviation was, the more they thought the status-oriented clothing attitude as an important clothing attribute. Also, the result revealed a similar tendency in the modesty-oriented clothing attitude to that in the status-oriented clothing attitude.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2002

Purpose. This study was tried to compare the effect of the change in postural deviation caused by the pain side Subjects and Methods. Inpatients and outpatients (n=71) were selected from I hospital who have a musculoskeletal low back pain and shoulder pain without any history of the central nervous system (CNS) lesions, orthopaedic problems of the both lower extremities, or the vestibular and the visual default. For the control group, normal and healthy subjects (n=30) were selected without any history of weight bearing disorders. the weight bearing was rated by the computerized force plate. Results. 1) Postural deviation was not significant difference between patients and control group(p<0.01). But postural deviation in patients was more pronounced than control group. 2) There was significant difference of postural deviation between in patients according to the pain side(p<0.01). When the pain side was on the left side, postural deviation tended to the right. When the pain side was on the right side and vertebral body, postural deviation tended to the left. 3) There was no significant difference of postural deviation between regional pain in shoulder and regional pain in low back(p<0.01). Discussions and Conclusion. As a result, the pain, for sure, affected the good posture and its keeping process directly or/and indirectly. Therefore, as the postural deviation increases, the additional energy consumption increased by the works of the muscles to keep the good posture. Preponderated postural deviation, furthermore, could load too much to the musculoskeletal system, leading to increase the pain. The postural deviation, a result of the pain, can cause a secondary deformity of the distal area as a compensatory reaction, and this compensation actually become a cause of the musculoskeletal symptom back in a cycle. Therefore, the appropriate treatment of the musculoskeletal problem and the education of the posture correction should be given to decrease the pain, preventing the secondary deformities, and increasing muscle energy efficiency of the posture remaining muscles.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2018

Objectives. To investigate the common causes of persistent septal deviation in revision septoplasty and to report the surgical techniques and results to correct them. Methods. A total of 100 consecutive patients (86 males) who had revision septoplasty due to persistent septal deviation from 2008 and 2014 were included in the study. Their mean age was 35.6 years and the mean follow-up duration was 9.1 months. Presenting symptoms, sites of persistent septal deviation, techniques used to correct the deviation, and surgical results were reviewed. Results. The mean interval between primary and revision surgery was 6.2 years. Forty-eight patients received revision septoplasty and 52 received revision septoplasty combined with rhinoplasty. Nasal obstruction was the most presenting symptom in almost all patients. The most common site of persistent septal deviation was middle septum (58%) followed by caudal septum (31%). Correcting techniques included further chondrotomy and excision of deviated portion in 76% and caudal batten graft in 39%. Rhinoscopic and endoscopic exams showed straight septum in 97% and 92 patients had subjective symptom improvement postoperatively. Conclusion. Middle septum and caudal septum were common sites of persistent deviation. Proper chondrotomy with excision of deviated middle septum and correction of the caudal deviation with batten graft are key maneuvers to treat persistent deviation.