• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.113-113
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification solution(VS) on in vitro developmental competence of immature porcine oocytes. The immature porcine oocytes were exposed to the following vitrification solution, at RT. 1) EFS sol. : 20% ethylene glycol (EG) 3 min, 40% EG + 18%(w/v) Ficoll(MV70, 000) + 0.3 M sucrose 30 sec, 2) GE sol. : 10% glycerol 5 min, 10% G + 20% EG 5 min, 25% G +25% EG 30 sec, 3) EG sol : 1.5M EG 2.5 min, 5.5 M EG + 1.0 M sucrose 30 sec. Oocytes were immediately transferred into 1.0 M, 0.5 M, 0.25 M, 0125 M, 0 M sucrose solution for 2.5 min each at RT. After removal of VS, immature oocytes were matured in vitro and subsequently all oocytes were subjected to IVF followed in vitro culture for 7 days. Maturation rates of oocytes were 38.8%, 44.5%, 22.4% and 57.6%, in EFS, EG, GE and Control, respectively, maturation rates of oocytes in EG and Control was significantly higher than EFS and GE(P<0.01). Fertilization rates of oocytes in Control was significantly higher than other treated groups(P<0.05), but no difference were observed among treated groups. Polyspermic rates were no significant difference among four groups. Cleavage rates of oocytes were 21.9%, 47.1%, 19.0% and 65.9%, in EFS, EG, GE and Control, respectively, cleavage rates of oocytes in EG and Control was significantly higher than EFS and GE(P<0.05), but blastocyst formation rates were no significant difference among four groups. These results suggested that the use of EG solution could be a great challenge for reaching a successful vitrification of immature porcine oocytes.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2011

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is ATPase-directed molecular chaperon and affects survival of several cells. In our previous study, inhibitory effect of Hsp90 by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the pig embryonic and primary cells was reported. However, its role during early bovine embryonic development is not sufficient. In this study, we traced the effects of Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), on early bovine embryonic development. We also investigated several indicators of developmental potential, including structural integrity, gene expression (apoptosis-related genes), and apoptosis, which are affected by 17-AAG. Bovine embryos were cultured in the CR1-aa medium with or without 17-AAG for 7 days. In result, significant differences in developmental potential were detected between the embryos that were cultured with or without 17-AAG ($33.1{\pm}9.6$ vs $21.7{\pm}8.3%$). The structural integrity of the blastocysts was examined by differential staining. Blastocysts from the dbcAMP-treated group had higher numbers of ICM, TE, and total cells than those from the untreated group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) showed that the number of containing fragmented DNA at the blastocyst stage increased in the 17-AAG treated group compared with control (11.2 vs 3.9, respectively). Blastocysts that developed in the 17-AAG treated group had low structural integrity and high apoptotic nuclei than those of the untreated control, resulting in decrease the embryonic qualities of preimplantation bovine blastocysts. The mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) increased in 17-AAG treated group, whereas expression of the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-XL) decreased. In conclusion, Hsp90 also appears to play a direct role in bovine early embryo developmental competence including structural integrity of blastocysts. Also, these results indicate that Hsp90 is closely associated with apoptosis-related genes expression in developing bovine embryos.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2005

Participants in this study of adolescents residing in differing ecological environments were 200 Korean-Chinese middle school students of Yanji, China, and 200 Korean middle school students of Gyeongbuk Province, ROK. Instruments were the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), Social Competence Inventory(Doh & Falbo, 1999), and Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents(Harter, 1988). For Korean-Chinese adolescents, attachment with mothers directly influenced peer relationships and school adjustment; indirect influence was mediated by self-concept. For Korean adolescents, attachment influenced peer relationships and school adjustment only indirectly by self-concepts. These findings contrast with those of Choi & Lee(2005) suggesting that the socio-emotional outcome of attachment should be understood in relation to socio-cultural context as well as developmental stage.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Purpose - The study's aim is to assess performance quality delivered through a performance management system. The case study first measures the effectiveness of the present performance management system of Bhushan Steel Ltd. (BSL), and then secondarily analyzes the employee training impact. Research design, data, and methodology - A case study research approach using a survey was followed. The final sample size was 50, with a simple random sampling technique used. Primary data came from the company itself and the secondary from books, the Internet, journals, etc. Results - BSL employee appraisals are used for many developmental aspects such as competence in the present job, improvements, performance development, and training needs. The results indicate that individual performance can improve if employees perceive the system as more transparent (i.e., not so confidential). Conclusions - Overall, the BSL employees think that the company appraisal system is useful; however, to make it better the company has to improve many aspects including appraisals based on supervisor observations. The company could use a self-appraisal and a 360-appraisal approach to improve such assessments.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2006년도 The 6th Intermational Symposium on Developmental Biotechnology
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• pp.95-96
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• 2006

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2014

Depending on the acquisition of developmental competence, the expression of genes for ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan synthase and chitin synthase was affected in different ways by Aspergillus nidulans LAMMER kinase. LAMMER kinase deletion, ${\Delta}lkhA$, led to decrease in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan, but increase in chitin content. The ${\Delta}lkhA$ strain was also resistant to nikkomycin Z.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.249-251
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• 2009

Polar body was usually used as a determinant of oocyte's maturation. Polar body morphology could reflect the embryo quality and implantation competence. This review only focuses on morphology of the first polar body and embryo developmental rate in the presence or absence of polar body. However, it is very difficult to describe whether polar body has any effects on embryo development in vitro or in vivo. Further intensive research is needed to determine its function on embryo development.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2021

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is the procedure where the immature oocytes are cultivated in a laboratory until they are mature. Since IVM oocytes generally have low developmental competence as compared to those matured in vivo, development of an optimal IVM culture system by fine-tuning culture conditions is crucial to maintain high quality. In-depth knowledge and a deep understanding of the in vivo physiology of oocyte maturation are pre-requisites to accomplish this. Within ovarian follicles, various signaling pathways that drive oocyte development and maturation regulate interaction between oocytes and surrounding somatic cells. This review discusses the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, which has been demonstrated to be intimately involved in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. Advances in elucidating the role of the SHH signaling pathway in oocyte maturation will aid attempts to improve the current inferior in vitro oocyte maturation system.

• 철학연구
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• 제126권
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• pp.79-108
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• 2013

촘스키는 우리 인간은 특별한 언어적 하드웨어를 보편적으로 가지고 있다고 주장한다. 따라서 각자가 가지고 있는 실제적인 문법은 이러한 하드웨어의 점진적인 발달의 결과이다. 그러나 피아제에 따르면, 우리에게 선천적으로 주어진 하드웨어는 없다. 일체의 하드웨어는 보다 하위의 구조에서 점진적으로 구성된 결과이다. 따라서 피아제의 관점에서는 그 자체적으로 고정된 구조는 없다. 이렇게 하여 양자의 언어 이론에서 근본적인 차이는 언어 능력의 형성에 있어서, 환경이 갖는 지위 문제에 있다. 촘스키에 따르면, 언어 능력의 획득에 있어서 환경의 역할은 '격발요인'(triggering role)에 한정된다. 그러나 피아제에 있어서 환경은 언어 능력을 구성하게 하는 근본적인 '형성요인'(shaping role)이다. 양자의 입장 중에 누구의 입장이 정당한가를 판단하기 위해서는, 쟈크 모노(Jaques Monod)가 제안하듯이, 형이상학적 논의가 아니라, 하반신 불구인 아동(환경적 경험을 전혀 갖지 못하고 누워 있는 아동)을 실험군으로 삼고 정상적인 아동을 대조군으로 하는 실험을 통하여, 환경이 언어능력형성에 미치는 영향을 탐구해야 할 것이다. 그러나 이러한 작업을 수행하기 이전에 보다 더 중요한 문제는 양자의 언어이론이 사용하는 개념들에 대한 보다 정확한 분석이다. 달리 말하면, 양자가 사용하는 용어들의 사용법에 대한 보다 정확한 개념적 명료화가 이러한 실험적 연구 이전에 주어져야 할 것이다. 즉 성숙과정을 구성하는 요소는 정확히 무엇인가? 또한 이러한 성숙과정에 환경이 미치는 요소와 유전적인 요소를 구분할 수 있는 정확한 기준은 무엇인가? 그런데 우리가 잘 알고 있듯이, 우리들의 인성 및 특히 언어적 능력의 형성에 있어서, 유전적인 요소와 환경적인 요소를 구분할 수 있는 정확한 경계를 긋는 것은 불가능하다. 이런 점에서 양자의 대립은 이론상의 차이라기보다는 언어 사용의 차이에 기인하는 측면이 더 크다. 따라서 언어 능력의 본성을 정확하게 해명하기 위해서는, 언어 능력의 근원이 선천적인 것인가 구성적인 것인가와 같은 비생산적인 탐구를 지양하고, 촘스키의 통사론적 접근과 피아제의 인지론적 접근을 통합하면서 우선 언어 현상을 정확하게 기술하는 데 몰두해야 할 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 양자의 언어이론의 장단점과 통합 가능성을 해명하고자 한다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2011

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is ATPase-directed molecular chaperon and affects survival of cancer cell. Inhibitory effect of Hsp90 by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the cancer cell was reported. However, its role during oocyte maturation and early embryo development is very insufficient. In this study, we traced the effects of Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), on meiotic maturation and early embryonic development in pigs. We also investigated several indicators of developmental potential, including structural integrity, gene expression (Hsp90-, cell cycle-, and apoptosis-related genes), and apoptosis, which are affected by 17-AAG. Then, we examined the roles of Hsp90 inhibitor on viability of primary cells in pigs. Porcine oocytes were cultured in the NCSU-23 medium with or without 17-AAG for 44 h. The proportion of GV arrested oocytes was significantly different between the 17-AAG treated and untreated group (78.2 vs 34.8%, p<0.05). After completion of meiotic maturation, the proportion of MII oocytes was lower in the 17-AAG treated group than in the control group (27.9 vs 71.0%, p<0.05). After IVF, the percentage of penetrated oocytes was significantly lower in the 17-AAG treated group (25.2%), resulting in lower normal pronucleus formation (2PN of 14.6%). Therefore, the inhibition of meiotic progression by Hsp90 inhibitor played a critical role in fertilization status. Porcine embryo were cultured in the PZM-3 medium with or without 17-AAG for 6 days. In result, significant differences in developmental potential were detected between the embryos that were cultured with or without 17-AAG. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) showed that the number of containing fragmented DNA at the blastocyst stage increased in the 17-AAG treated group compared with control (7.5 vs 4.4, respectively). Blastocysts that developed in the 17-AAG treated group had low structural integrity and high apoptotic nuclei than those of the untreated control, resulting in decrease the embryonic qualities of preimplantation porcine blastocysts. The mRNA expressions of cell cycle-related genes were down-regulated in the 17-AAG treated group compared with control. Also, the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased in 17-AAG treated group, whereas expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bel-XL decreased. However, the expression of ER stress-related genes did not changed by 17-AAG. Cultured pESF cells were treated with or without 17-AAG and used for MIT assay. The results showed that viability of pESF cells were decreased by treatment of 17-AAG ($2{\mu}M$) for 24 hr. These results indicated that 17-AAG decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death. Expression patterns Hsp90 complex genes (Hsp70 and p23), cell cycle-related genes (cdc2 and cdc25c) and apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-XL) were significantly changed by using RT-PCR analysis. The spliced form of pXbp-1 product (pXbp-1s) was detected in the tunicamycin (TM) treated cells, but it is not detected in 17-AAG treated cells. In conclusion, Hsp90 appears to play a direct role in porcine early embryo developmental competence including structural integrity of blastocysts. Also, these results indicate that Hsp90 is closely associated with cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes expression in developing porcine embryos.