• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.599-609
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• 2008

Development of computer and electronic technology leads innovative progress in spatial informatics and successful commercialization. Geospatial information technology plays an important role in decision making in various applications. However, information display media are two-dimensional plane that limits visual perception. Understanding human visual processing mechanism to percept stereo vision makes possible to implement three-dimensional stereo image display. This paper proposes on-the-fly stereo image generation methods that are involved with various exterior and camera parameters including exposure station, viewing direction, image size, overlap and focal length. Collinearity equations and parameters related with stereo viewing conditions were solved to generate realisitc stereo imagery. In addition stereo flying simulation scenery was generated with different viewing locations and directions. The stereo viewing is based on the parallax principle of two veiwing locations. This study implemented anaglyphic stereogram, polarization and lenticular stereo display methods. Existing display technology has limitation to provide visual information of three-dimensional and dynamic nature of the real world because the 3D spatial information is projected into 2D plane. Therefore, stereo display methods developed in this study improves geospatial information and applications of GIS by realistic stereo visualization.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1428-1433
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• 2012

Longevity is an exciting but difficult subject to study because it is determined by complex processes that require the coordinated action of several genetic factors as well as physiological and environmental influences. Genetic approaches have been applied to animal models to identify the molecular mechanism responsible for longevity. Several experimental model organisms obtained over the last decades suggest that the complete deletion of a single gene by gene targeting has proven to be an invaluable tool for the discovery of the mechanisms underlying longevity. The first discovery of long-lived mutants came from Caenorhabditis elegans research, which identified the insulin/IGF-1 pathway as responsible for longevity in this worm. IGF-1 is a multifunctional polypeptide that has sequence similarity to insulin and is involved in normal growth and development of cells. Several factors in the IGF-1 system have since been studied by gene targeting in the control of longevity in lower species, including nematode and fruit fly. In addition, significant progress has been made using mice models to extend the lifespan by targeted mutations that interfere with growth hormone/IGF-1 and IGF-1 signaling cascades. A recent finding that IGF-1 is involved in aging in mice was achieved by using liver-specific knockout mutant mice, and this clearly demonstrated that the IGF-1 signal pathway can extend the lifespan in both invertebrates and vertebrate models. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms for the control of longevity are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that reduced IGF-1 signaling plays an important role in the control of aging and longevity. Several genes involved in the IGF-1 signaling system are reviewed in relation to longevity in genetically modified mice models.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 2008

HIV affects many organ systems. Patients with HIV infection have substantially increased risk of developing various cancers, primarily by opportunistic infection with oncogenic viruses due to their immunocompromised status. However, extensive evidence also indicates that the viral protein, Tat itself, may playas a major factor in the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. The molecular mechanism underlying Tat's oncogenic activity may include deregulation of cellular genes. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of HIV-l Tat on CD99 as one of the target cellular genes, which is a well-known tumor marker in several cancers. By using established HeLa clones that are stably expressing Tat, we found that CD99 is upregulated by endogenous Tat, whereas STAT3 is down regulated. Upon the screening of genes differentially expressed between Tat-stable cells and the control cells by using the gene fishing technique, DEG, we detected 3 genes which expression is affected by the presence of Tat. Furthermore, the methylation specific PCR analysis of the stably Tat expressing cell lines revealed that the CD99 promoter is de methylated in the presence of Tat. Taken together, these results open a potential role of CD99 in AIDS-related oncogenesis via epigenetic regulation by HIV-1 Tat.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.527-556
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• 2019

In Korea, nearly 100 billion won is spent annually under the name of energy voucher on 600,000 households for the last five years, and this is a unique case and hard to monitor worldwide. Therefore, no studies have been conducted to assess impacts of the energy voucher on energy consumption and cost burden alleviation for beneficiaries. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of energy vouchers in terms of energy expense. The propensity score matching was conducted on samples of low-income households based on the Korea Welfare Panel. Then, simple Difference-In-Differences and Fixed-Effect Difference-In-Differences models were applied to estimate the effect of energy vouchers. In results, the beneficiaries of energy vouchers would spend an additional 4,371~4,870 won per month on energy consumption. The ratio is equivalent to 51.9~57.7 percent of the aid, which is also the highest when compared with 23~56 percent of U.S. Food Stamp. In terms of energy welfare, voucher payment could become one of the best management practices. However, identifying the blind spots as non-reciprocal households and expanding the differential support mechanism that reflects the energy consumption environment should be solved in the future.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

Endocrine disruptors have been concerned in toxicology but now challenged as physiological point especially concerned with exposing dose and period. In this study the low-dose chronic administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthaltae (DEHP) during reproductive period was examined to evaluate the possible roles. Adult male and female CD-1 mice were exposed to DEHP with drinking water containing $133{\mu}g/L$ and $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP in water according to OECD 433 guide line and sacrificed just after weaning. The weights of uterus and ovary were decreased by drinking of $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. There was not adverse effects on either accumulated mating rate and mating rate depend on estrus stage, pregnancy duration, and sex ration at birth. However, the accumulated rate of successful delivery and litter size were significantly high at $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. The number of epididymal sperm was significantly increased by drinking of $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. In addition, the number of follicles (primary, secondary, tertiary) were more many than control at $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water drunk mother. Though further studies are needed to identify what are the mechanism of DEHP in folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. From this study we firstly report the effect of low-dose chronic administration of DEHP with drinking could change the ovarian follicle population size and spermatogenesis rate. Put together, those finding is different from previous high-dose effects and suggest the physiological role of DEHP in gonads and uterus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of arsenic(As) added to soil on the number of roots, root diameter, root length and root tissue of the rice plant. The results obtained were as follows: Higher As levels in soil remarkably reduced not only the number of roots, root length and root diameter, but also the diameter of the central cylinder, the route of the water and inor ganic nutrients of the roots. When arsenic was treated in soil, abnormal cells in the cortex of rice root were developed and considerably increased with higher As levels in the soil. These were only observed in the middle and upper parts of root segments except root tips and they looked like rice roots without epidermis in shape. Therefore, the occurrence of the abnormal cells in the root was attributed to high arsenic accumulation in the root. Its mechanism is not clear. However, it is assumed that the abnormal cells had occurred to compensate for lower amount of water and inorganic nutrient absorption by the injured rice root or self-defense against the penetration of arsenic within the rice root.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.413-422
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigated the mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetic and provide the basic information about the development of new effective local anesthetics. Fluorescent probe techniques were used to evaluate the effect of lidocaine HCl on the physical properties (transbilayer asymmetric lateral and rotational mobility, annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution) of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. An experimental procedure was used based on selective quenching of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) by trinitrophenyl groups, and radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py. Lidocaine HCl increased the bulk lateral and rotational mobility of neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayes, and had a greater fluidizing effect on the inner monolayer than the outer monolayer. Lidocaine HCl increased annular lipid fluidity in SPMV lipid bilayers. It also caused membrane proteins to cluster. The most important finding of this study is that there is far greater increase in annular lipid fluidity than that in lateral and rotational mobilities by lidocaine HCl. Lidocaine HCl alters the stereo or dynamics of the proteins in the lipid bilayers by combining with lipids, especially with the annular lipids. In conclusion, the present data suggest that lidocaine, in addition to its direct interaction with proteins, concurrently interacts with membrane lipids, fluidizing the membrane, and thus inducing conformational changes of proteins known to be intimately associated with membrane lipid.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2014

In the present study, we investigated the effects of methanol extracts from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata against antiviral potential underlying mechanism in glucosidase inhibition. Syncytium formation in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell originates from the trafficking of viral glycoprotein into cell-surface. Methanol extracts inhibited not only syncytium formation, but also trafficking of glycoprotein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), onto cell-surface. A. katsumadai extracts showed the inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}$ $25{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. These results suggested that blue chanterelle extracts inhibited the cell-surface expression of NDV-HN glycoprotein without significantly affecting HN glycoprotein synthesis in NDV-infected BHK cells.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.156-172
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• 2003

In this paper we identify that there are High Higher surfaces(HH-surface) around Jeongdongjin and Daejin area where Higher surfaces(H-surface) of marine terrace are formed on a large scale. On the basis of an altitude of the ancient shoreline of the marine terraces, geomorphic surfaces can be classified into HH I (140m a.s.l), HH II (110m a.s.l), H I (90m a.s.l), H II (70m a.s.l), M (40m a.s.l), L I (25m a.s.l) and L II (10m a.s.l). Besides, we identify that the lowest surfaces(5~6m a.s.l) are found extensively in the research area which are assumed to be formed in the Holocene. Considering that the formation mechanism of the marine terraces in the research area is similar to that of the marine terraces at both Campo area in the south east coastal region of Korea md the thalassostatic terraces of Osip River in Samchuk in a short distance from the research area, we can assume that the HH-surfaces in both areas were formed in the same period. Based on the fact that L I- surface was formed on the Last Interglacial Stage of MIS 5, we can infer that M- was formed in MIS 7, H I- in MIS 9, H II- in MIS 11, HH I- in MIS 13 and HH II- in MIS 15. The reason for that H-surfaces, similar to those at Gampo area, to remain on a large scale is that the Holsteinian Interglacial continued for a long period of time and at that time there was a large wave-cut platform in the vicinity of the shoreline.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

'Multi-scale mass-deployable cooperative robots' is a next generation robotics paradigm where a large number of robots that vary in size cooperate in a hierarchical fashion to collect information in various environments. While this paradigm can exhibit the effective solution for exploration of the wide area consisting of various types of terrain, its technical maturity is still in its infant state and many technical hurdles should be resolved to realize this paradigm. In this paper, we propose to develop new design and manufacturing methodologies for the multi-scale mass-deployable cooperative robots. In doing so, we present various fundamental technologies in four different research fields. (1) Adaptable design methods consist of compliant mechanisms and hierarchical structures which provide robots with a unified way to overcome various and irregular terrains. (2) Soft composite materials realize the compliancy in these structures. (3) Multi-scale integrative manufacturing techniques are convergence of traditional methods for producing various sized robots assembled by such materials. Finally, (4) the control and communication techniques for the massive swarm robot systems enable multiple functionally simple robots to accomplish the complex job by effective job distribution.