• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2020

Host shifting and host expansion of fungal plant pathogens increases the rate of emergence of new pathogens and the incidence of disease in various crops, which threaten global food security. Magnaporthe species cause serious disease in rice, namely rice blast disease, as well as in many alternative hosts, including wheat, barley, and millet. A severe outbreak of wheat blast due to Magnaporthe oryzae occurred recently in Bangladesh, after the fungus was introduced from South America, causing great loss of yield. This outbreak of wheat blast is of growing concern, because it might spread to adjacent wheat-producing areas. Therefore, it is important to understand the host range and population structure of M. oryzae and related species for determining the evolutionary relationships among Magnaporthe species and for managing blast disease in the field. Here, we collected isolates of M. oryzae and related species from various Poaceae species, including crops and weeds surrounding rice fields, in Korea and determined their phylogenetic relationships and host species specificity. Internal transcribed spacer-mediated phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. oryzae and related species are classified into four groups primarily including isolates from rice, crabgrass, millet and tall fescue. Based on pathogenicity assays, M. oryzae and related species can infect different Poaceae hosts and move among hosts, suggesting the potential for host shifting and host expansion in nature. These results provide important information on the diversification of M. oryzae and related species with a broad range of Poaceae as hosts in crop fields.

• 한국아동복지학
• /
• 제54호
• /
• pp.79-111
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 영유아 시기에 경험하는 생애 초기 가족의 누적위험요인이 가정학습환경을 통해 유아의 언어 및 사회성 발달에 영향을 미치는 구조적 모델을 검증하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 만 3세 유아의 언어발달은 표현어휘력으로, 사회성 발달은 또래유능성으로 나타내었다. 한국아동패널(PSKC)의 2차년도와 4차년도 자료를 이용하여, 1,725가족을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 상관관계 분석 및 구조방정식모델링 기법을 통하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 만 1세 누적위험요인과 만 3세 누적위험요인 간 상관관계는 높아, 누적위험요인의 종단적 지속성을 시사하였다. 만 1세 누적위험요인은 만 3세 가정학습환경의 질적 수준에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 가정학습환경은 유아의 언어 및 사회성 발달 모두를 유의하게 예측하였다. 하지만 만 1세 누적위험요인은 유아발달을 직접적으로 예측하지 않았다. 마지막으로 만3세 누적위험요인은 유아의 언어발달을 직접 예측하였으나 사회성 발달 및 가정학습환경에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 만 1세 누적위험요인${\rightarrow}$가정학습환경${\rightarrow}$유아발달의 구조적 관계에서 가정학습환경의 매개적 역할은 통계적으로 유의하였다. 종합하면, 영아기 가족 내 누적위험요인은 유아기 자녀의 발달을 돕는 가정학습환경 구성에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 유아 발달에 간접적인 효과를 가지는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 영아기 자녀를 둔 위기가족을 대상으로 하는 조기 중재 및 지원에 대한 정책적 시사점이 논의되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND: Mixed cropping of legume and grass was effective system in view point of providing organic matter and nitrogen or reducing the nitrogen starvation of following crop. The relation of the change of N and P constituents depending on the cropping types and those effects on the growth and nutrient uptake of the following crop were observed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three cropping types, hairy vetch mono cropping, barley mono cropping, and mixed cropping of hairy vetch and barley were applied. Soil properties, growth characteristics, and nitrogen production of green manure crops were observed. In additions, the effect of cropping types on the growth pattern of corn as the following crop was observed. In the mixed cropping system, creeping type hairy vetch climbed to the erect type barely for light utilization resulting in improvement of light interception rate and higher LAI (Leaf Area Index) than in mono cropping. Mixed cropping showed higher biomass production and soil nitrogen availability among the cropping types, indicating relatively much more nutrient supply and higher yield production of following crop. CONCLUSION: Mixed cropping showed relatively higher LAI (dry matter) mainly because of intense competition for light utilization usually after flowering stage. Mixed cropping also showed relatively higher yield of corn, the following crop rather than other types, mainly due to the more biomass production potential and higher N and P production ability. Therefore, mixed cropping was adaptable method to reduce or replace chemical fertilizer application for environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.312-318
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND: Photoreversibility, a reversion of the inductive effect of a brief red light pulse by a subsequent far red light pulse, is a property of photo responses regulated by the plant photoreceptor phytochrome B. Plants use photoreceptors to sense photo signal and to adapt and modify their morphological and physiological properties. Phytochrome recognizes red light and far red light and plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development. METHODS AND RESULTS: The reversal responses of growth and fruiting characteristics were investigated to increase the yield of oriental melon (Cucumis Melo L. var. Kumsargakieuncheon) by means of controlling light quality in a plastic house. Red (R:660nm) and far red (FR:730nm) lights were subsequently irradiated on the whole stems and leaves of the oriental melon plant during growing periods, using red and far red LEDs as light sources, from 9:00 PM daily for 15 minutes. The intensities of R and FR light were 0.322-0.430 μmol m-2s-1 and 0.250-0.366 μmol m-2s-1, respectively. Compared to R light irradiation, combination of R and FR light irradiation increased the length of internode, number of axillary stems, number of female flowers, and fruit number of oriental melons. The results of treatment with R were similar to R-FR-R light irradiation in terms of length of internode, number of axillary stems, number of female flowers, and number of fruits. When FR treatment was considered, R-FR and R-FR-R-FR light irradiation had similarities in responses. These reversal responses revealed that oriental melon showed a photoreversibility of growth characteristics, flowering, and fruiting. CONCLUSION: These results suggested the possibility of phytochrome regulation of female flower formation and fruiting in oriental melon. The fruit weight of the oriental melon was the heaviest with the R light irradiation, while the number of fruits was the highest with the FR light. With the FR light irradiation, the fruit weight was not significantly higher compared to that of the control. Meanwhile, the yield of oriental melon fruits increased by 28-36% according to the intensities of the FR light due to the increases of the number of fruits.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2020

Since the Republic of Korea had been registered as the 24th member of OECD DAC in 2009, recent trend of Korea's ODA has showed drastic increase including agriculture and rural development sector. Particularly, various rural development projects have been implemented adopting development experience and methodology of Saemaul Undong (SMU, New Village Movement). This study implemented statistical analysis between villagers' participation and achievement of rural community development project, based on practical data out of 'Saemaul Undong Project in Myanmar', to suggest meaningful implication in terms of participatory rural development. It emphasized the importance and necessity of villagers' participation in rural development through regression analysis that proved positive correlation between villagers' participation and rural development project. It proves that income-generation part has significantly greater influence than capacity-building and living environment part in terms of rural community development project: Based on the analysis, comparing impact of each independent variable, income generation has 1.88 and 1.68 times greater impact than capacity-building and living environment respectively. The result, on the other side, rather raise the importance of careful consideration for project design and implementation to harmonize those three parts altogether especially rural development for developing countries: capacity-building and living environment parts suggests essential foundation to make income generation successful that enables to secure project achievement and sustainability.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2009년도 학술논문요약집
• /
• pp.495-496
• /
• 2009

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.70.3-71
• /
• 2002

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2004

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2011년도 추계학술논문요약집
• /
• pp.541-541
• /
• 2011

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2006

This study investigates the impact of the shared environment of pregnant women and their unborn child on the later emotional and behavioral characteristics of a child, extending into his or her adulthood. Using a sample of some 16,000 children from the National Child Development Study, the study demonstrated a positive relationship between the quality of the maternal environment and later emotional and behavioral performances during childhood and adulthood. These findings support the study hypothesis, suggesting that parenting environment such as mother‘s employment, husband’s social class and the mother‘s smoking habits during pregnancy has an affection on the later emotional and behavioral development of the child. The dimensions of the child’s emotional and behavioral well-being may be enhanced by therapeutic interventions and/or by helping pregnant women to develop a positive social network.