• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1997

The effects of light on the pigment production and chloroplast development were examined on ginseng hairy roots cultured in 1/2MS liquid medium. The chlorophyll and carotenoid production were increased from 1,000 to 3,500 lux condition, but decreased drastically in 7,000 lux condition. The anthocyanin production was significantly increased with increment light intensity(1,000∼7,000 lux). The thylakoid membrane of chloroplast was proplastid in dark condition and it began to develop into thylakoid membrane in 1,000 lux condition and then intact thylakoid membrane was developed in 3,500 lux condition. However, the development of thylakoid membrane in 7,000 lux condition was inhibited comparing to 3,500 lux condition. The total chlorophyll production in blue light condition were high comparing to other wavelength and same as 40% of total chlorophyll on white light(3,500 lux) condition. The chlorophyll and carotenoid production by sucrose concentration were high in 3% sucrose condition and anthocyanin production was high in 4% condition. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid by light periods was high when explants were cultured in dark condition for 1 week and then transferred to light condition for 4 weeks. Our results suggest that pigment production and chloroplast development could be accelerated by light Intensity of specific wavelength in cultures of ginseng hairy root.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.806-810
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• 2005

Slope was necessarily formed by development of hilly district for human living. At present slope is distributed about sixteen thousand in state road and expressway. Nevertheless, rule of preservation management for slope is overlapping or diffuse. In this study it analyze condition evaluation for slope.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.366-370
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• 2019

Overweight and obesity induce serious health problems that exert negative effects on dog's welfare. Body condition score (BCS) is a common method to evaluate the body fat mass in animals. By palpating and observing fats under the skin it is possible to predict animal's body fat accumulation condition. BCS is also a useful tool to estimate body fat composition in dogs. However, BCS can be subjective when it was performed by non-professionals like pet's owners. To develop a method to avoid the misevaluation of BCS twenty-four Beagles were enrolled and performed BCS evaluation. In addition, the length of chest and abdominal girths were measured. In correlation analysis, the sizes of chest and abdominal girth were significantly correlated with BCS. Especially, the difference and ratio of the chest and abdominal length were highly correlated with the BCS. With that, we suggested that this simple measurement of chest and abdominal girths by a measuring tape would be an effective method to estimate BCS scores in dogs that helps non-professionals to manage their own dog's nutritional condition by monitoring body fat accumulation condition.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.341-360
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• 2006

The paper describes condition success for the development and policy environment of organic farming in Korea. policy measures concerning area-based financial support for conversion to and continuation of organic farming, officially-recognized standards and support for market and regional development, advice and research are considered. This indicates that individual measures can also work against each other. In some region, good experiences habe been made with integrated action plan, an approach that is also being discussed at the national level and which could achieve a good basis for the development of Bio-farming in future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.533-536
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• 2001

When fresh concrete is exposed to low temperature, the concrete may suffer frost damage due to freezing at early ages and strength development may be delayed. One of the solution methods for resolving these problems is to reduce freezing temperature of concrete by the use of chemical admixture called Accelerators for freezing resistance. In this study, we investigate the effect on strength development of cement mortar using accelerators for freezing resistance with the variance curing condition. As the result of this study, the mortar using accelerators for freezing resistance show that continuously strength development in curing condition of -5$^{\circ}C$. And compressive strength under the variance temperature condition was higher than fixed temperature condition in same maturity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest weapon system specifications for requirements of Condition-Based Maintenance(CBM/CBM⁺). Methods: The military documents and case studies with regard to condition-based maintenance were reviewed. Representative Korea defense specifications of weapon system such as an aircraft, a C4ISR etc. were analyzed and investigated the level of requirement for maintainability was. Results: Condition-based maintenance was defined in both U.S. instruction and Korean directive. While deparment of defense(U.S.) provide a guidebook for CBM⁺, detailed instruction was not sufficient for Korean. Ministry of national defense(ROK) define the CBM⁺ by means of IPS element which should be developed along with the system development. The maintainability was barely included in Korean defense specifications, except for BIT(Built-in test) function. As a first step for defining the condition-based maintenance requirement in defense specification, this study suggests a standard form for data needed to acquire according to types of system, fault, failure, and so on. Conclusion: The empirical researches on CMB/CBM⁺ with domestic weapon systems are not enough, and a logic which leads the maintenance strategy to CMB/CBM⁺ is not solved. Through technical researches and institutional improvements including this study, we hope that condition-based maintenance would be fully established in the Korean defense field.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.55
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• pp.155-179
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• 2003

This paper compares two indicators, economic development and social condition, to find a better way to measure the level of social welfare development. The results show that social condition is more adequate indicator than economic development. The social condition has high correlation with the development of social welfare in all the 78 countries as well as in five groups of countries when the economic development is controlled. The comparison of two indicators reveals important findings. Among other things, the higher the level of social condition compared with economic development, the larger the social welfare expenditure. This tendency is particularly strong among the western European countries and former socialist countries. This result implies that the macro-level policy of social redistribution is also important for the development of social welfare in addition to micro-level policy of income redistribution. As we expected, the results show that the level of Korean social welfare development is very low. Considering our levels of economic development and social condition, predicted social welfare expenditure from regression model is at least 17% of GDP, but we are spending only 30% of this predicted expenditure. Another serious problem in Korean social welfare is unbalanced expenditure between social insurance and public assistance. On the basis of these results, this paper suggests three implications for social policy to improve Korean social welfare: First of all, the gap between predicted and actual expenditures should be closed to improve the minimum level of social welfare. Secondly, the level of social condition itself should be improved to increase the public awareness of social welfare. Finally, the wide difference in expenditure between universal and selective social welfare programs should also be removed to decrease the relative deprivation of the poor.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2014

A significant production decrease has been witnessed for the Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas farmed in the western coastal waters of Korea, presumably by the loss of physiological viability. We evaluated the viability in terms of health indicators, the condition indices and hemocyte apoptosis rates of the oysters inhabiting two representative farming sites, Incheon and Taean each with different environmental variables. In our monthly measurements for the whole year 2013, the indicators were location specific. The condition indices of Incheon were highly variable, 1.67-8.58%, while those of Taean were less, 2.28-5.57%. The condition indices decreased during the spawning seasons, July and September in common. The two oysters exhibited also differed in the apoptotic activities of hemocyte, highly active, 4.03-30.15% for Incheon oysters and less active, 2.87-17.48% for Taean oysters. One thing we could identify was the two measurements were adverse during the critical seasons of spawning, reminiscent of being a useful tool for a health indicator for the oysters. Similar trend was also observed in the time when change in temperature was extreme. The findings in this study are highly indicative of health indicators for the oyster aquaculture.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to explore the present condition and development direction of youth allied organizations such as Korea 4-H Club Federation, Clover Alumni Association and Korea 4-H Association. Researcher developed questionnaires were used to identify historical changes, present condition and development directions of the youth allied organizations. The data were collected from 105 purposively sampled representatives from the youth allied organizations, and SPSS/WIN program was employed to analyze the data. Major problems of the youth allied organization, according to the respondents, were financial difficulties and lack of full-time employee for the organizations. It was recommended that more full-time employees would be necessary for further development of youth allied organizations. Securing wider membership throughout the country and financial security were recommended for development of the youth allied organizations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

When fresh concrete is exposed to low temperature, the concrete may suffer frost damage due to freezing at early ages and strength development may be delayed. One of the solution methods for resolve these problems is to reduce freezing temperature of concrete by the use of chemical admixture called Accelerators for freezing resistance. In this study, we investigate the effect on strength development of cement mortar using accelerators for freezing resistance with the variance curing condition. As the result of this study, the mortar using accelerators for freezing resistance show that continuously strength development in curing condition of -5$^{\circ}C$. And compressive strength under the variance temperature condition was higher than constant temperature condition in same maturity.