• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health concern, especially in developing countries, and is frequently related to child morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify key determinants that influence the prevalence of LBW in selected developing countries. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted using 10 recent Demography and Health Surveys from developing countries based on the availability of the required information for the years 2010 to 2013. Associations of demographic, socioeconomic, community-based, and individual factors of the mother with LBW in infants were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of LBW in the study countries was 15.9% (range, 9.0 to 35.1%). The following factors were shown to have a significant association with the risk of having an LBW infant in developing countries: maternal age of 35 to 49 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.1; p<0.01), inadequate antenatal care (ANC) (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.8; p<0.01), illiteracy (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7; p<0.001), delayed conception (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.5; p<0.001), low body mass index (aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1; p<0.001) and being in the poorest socioeconomic stratum (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8; p<0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that delayed conception, advanced maternal age, and inadequate ANC visits had independent effects on the prevalence of LBW. Strategies should be implemented based on these findings with the goal of developing policy options for improving the overall maternal health status in developing countries.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.655-670
• /
• 2009

이 글은 개발도상국에 관한 지리학적 연구의 동향과 관점을 살펴보고, 주요 연구 주제를 중심으로 향후 과제를 검토하고자 하였다. 이 글은 특히 개발도상국에 관한 지리학을 '해외지역연구'라는 지리학 특유의 전통을 계승하면서 시대와 사회가 요청하는 실천적이고 응용적 연구 분야의 하나로 설정하고 다양한 성과를 축적해 온 독일어권을 사례로 하였다. 이 글은 먼저 개발도상국에 대한 지리학적 연구 흐름을 개관하고, 이어서 개발도상국에 관한 개발이론의 패러다임과 함께 개발전략의 변화 추이를 분석한 뒤, 마지막으로 지리학적 개발도상국 연구를 위한 접근방법과 의의 및 핵심 주제를 설명하고자 하였다. 이 글은 지리학이 세계화와 국제적 교류협력이 심화되고 있는 상황에서 지역연구의 전통을 이어가면서 사회발전에 공헌할 수 있는 실천적 연구 분야로서 개발도상국에 관한 지리학 연구의 중요성을 다시 한번 환기시키고 학술적으로 기여할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하는 의도에서 출발하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2019

아프리카를 비롯한 개발도상국은 균등한 교육기회 박탈, 열악한 교육여건, 선진국과의 정보화 격차 등으로 인적자원개발이 미미한 실정이다. 우수한 인적자원을 확보하지 못한 개발도상국은 선진국과의 세계화 경쟁에서 더욱 뒤쳐지고 있어, 개발도상국의 '인적자원개발' 문제는 시급히 해결해야 할 과제가 아닐 수 없다. 개발도상국은 교육 예산이 교육수요를 충족하고 의무 교육을 달성하기에 턱없이 낮은 수준이어서 양적으로 증가하는 교육 수요에 적절히 대응하지 못하고 있는 실정이며, 이러한 교육예산의 부족 문제는 교육 인프라 부족 문제로 연결이 된다. 본 연구에서는 NAS기반의 서버를 구성하여 교육 콘텐츠 및 학습관리 등의 기능을 구성하고, 클라이언트 영역은 태블릿, PC, 빔 프로젝터 등 다양한 미디어를 활용이 가능하도록 솔루션을 제시하여, 인트라넷 환경의 어학교육 지원을 위한 쾌적한 교육환경의 구성 및 SCORM 기반의 플랫폼을 구축을 통한 개발도상국의 최적화된 이러닝 서비스를 지원하고자 한다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 1996

A problem of the World population and a food deficiency in the World is briefly presented. On this background the role and possibilities of agricultural aviation especially for developing countries is analized . In conclusion, is suggested to establish of World Aviation Help Service (WAHS) under UN auspices.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.69-85
• /
• 2017

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has seen as the potential to improve profitability and productivity in many areas as well as gaining notable attention in many countries. Despite, there has been some uncertainty about the e-commerce impacts for developing countries. The sufficient basic infrastructural deficiency, socio-political, economic and the lack of government public ICT policies have formed the significant barriers to the adoption and e-commerce growth in developing countries. Even though there are many researchers have found the common barriers to e-commerce in the developing nations, all business models targeting those countries are not equally successful. Small companies' persistence failed to challenge the e-commerce barriers in Cambodia because the firms didn't know the correct business model to succeed in this country online market. Therefore, this study will discuss the existing barriers which lead to limit e-commerce growth in Cambodia and the suggested solutions with the suitable business model for the e-commerce business in the country too.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권12호
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2020

The study aims to investigate the dual effects of corruption control on economic growth in relationship with the stock market and trade openness in developing countries. The study used difference S-GMM method on the dynamic panel data model in the period (2002-2017) with data collected from the World Bank. The study discovers the dominant impacts of corruption control in the relationship with the stock market on economic growth. At the same time, the study also confirms the overwhelming impact of corruption control in the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in the developing countries. In addition, the study shows that inefficient stock markets in developing countries will not promote economic growth. Meanwhile, the long-standing credit market has a positive impact on economic growth. With the strong development of stock market and trade openness in the period (2002-2017), control on corruption in developing countries does not get better in time with the increase in demand. The findings of this study suggest a number of solutions to strengthen corruption control, leading to the increased efficiency on the stock market and as well as encouraging the positive effects of trade openness to contribute to promoting economic growth in developing countries.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.95-95
• /
• 2023

Common hydrological problems of developing countries include poor data management, insufficient measuring devices and ungauged watersheds, leading to small or unreliable data availability. This has greatly affected the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques for flood risk mitigation and damage control in several developing countries. While climate datasets have recorded resounding applications, but they exhibit more uncertainties than ground-based measurements. To encourage AI adoption in developing countries with small ground-based dataset, we propose data augmentation for regression tasks and compare performance evaluation of different AI models with and without data augmentation. More focus is placed on simple models that offer lesser computational cost and higher accuracy than deeper models that train longer and consume computer resources, which may be insufficient in developing countries. To implement this approach, we modelled and predicted streamflow data of the Asa River Watershed located in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria. Results revealed that adequate hyperparameter tuning and proper model selection improve streamflow prediction on small water dataset. This approach can be implemented in data-scarce regions to ensure timely flood intervention and early warning systems are adopted in developing countries.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.61-80
• /
• 2009

Information and Communication Technology is now widely accepted by developing countries as a development tool in their efforts to alleviate poverty, enhance human development, and achieve Millennium Development Goals. Recognizing this untapped potential and development strategies incorporating ICT are being increasingly promoted and launched across the developing countries requiring a comprehensive ICT policy that plays a crucial rule, in particular, in the area of agriculture and rural development. While the potential advantages of ICT for development are enormous in developed countries, national policies of developing countries are yet to adequately reflect truly comprehensive and integrated strategies for harnessing and exploiting this potential. This paper tries to provide implication of ICT policy to the agriculture and rural development in developing countries, in particular through lessons learned from European Union (EU) IT policy. Through the examination of vital projects in the agriculture and rural development sectors and case study analysis of applied policies and strategies implemented in the European Union, this paper provides tangible examples and lessons for policy-makers and practitioners involved in the field. Hence, this study provides policy-makers the necessary tools, information and knowledge to facilitate the formulation and adoption of ICT policies and strategies in the agriculture and rural development sector.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.277-299
• /
• 2014

Climate negotiations have been going on for the last two decades and the awareness for impacts of climate change has improved substantially. However, the trends of global $CO_2$ emissions did not reveal any encouraging signs, with developing countries emitting even more $CO_2$ and industrialized nations showing no signs of reducing emissions to below their 1990 levels. In order to meet the ambitious targets set by the Stern report for the next two decades, it is important to find new and path-breaking approaches to climate change. This paper attempts to analyze the use of carbon/development space historically, at present and in the future with a focus on equity. Trends analysis focuses on the last two decades (Post Rio) and the carbon budget based analysis considers a period of 1850-2050. Industrialized countries are found to have significantly overshot their budgeted allocation for the last 160 years. Both the developing and industrialized countries are overshooting the present budget estimates based on world per capita budget for the next forty years and proportional to the population of each country. It is important for the industrialized countries to bring down their emissions to meet their carbon budgets while the developing countries use their development space as a guideline for their development path. Furthermore, this paper presents aggressive and regressive scenarios for the industrialized countries to compensate for the climate debt they have created.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.47-61
• /
• 2017

최근 개도국의 빈곤을 해소하기 위한 국제사회의 관심이 고조되고 있다. 공정무역은 공정한 거래를 통해 개도국의 빈곤을 해소하기 위한 실천으로 주목을 받았다. 본 연구는 공정무역이 개도국의 발전에 긍정적 효과를 가져오지 못한 점에 주목하여, 공정무역의 문제를 생산자의 하위주체성이란 맥락에서 고찰한다. 공정무역은 선진국과 개도국 간 파트너 관계를 강조한 공정성의 원리에 기초하여, 개도국의 지속가능한 발전을 지향하는 사회운동이었다. 하지만, 공정무역은 개도국의 가난을 극복할 수 있는 바람직한 실천이 아님이 밝혀지고 있다. 본 연구는 공정무역이 공정한 거래가 되지 못하는 이유를 선진국이 주도하는 원조성 프로그램의 일환으로 추진되었기 때문임을 밝히면서, 개도국의 생산자가 중심이 되는 공정무역의 실천을 제시한다. 이를 위해 개도국의 로컬은 개발에 대한 인식적 전환, 시장의 가치에 대한 재발견, 자유로서의 발전, 로컬의 개별성을 고려한 발전 방향을 포스트개발의 맥락에서 고려할 필요가 있다.