• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 PBL 수업으로 전문대학교 학생들의 현장실습수업 참여능력, 문제해결능력 강화와 동시에 현장실습 참여 역량과 문제해결력을 향상시킬 수 있는 PBL 수업 기초연구자료모델을 구축하는데 목적을 두었다. 대상자는 경북 소재의 D대학교 현장실습 교과수업을 하고 있는 5개 학과의 71명을 최종 분석 대상으로 하여 2021년 10월10일~12월 05일까지 7주간 사전검사, PBL수업 운영, 사후검사의 3단계로 실시하였다. 전·사후 검사를 통해 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20을 활용하으며 사전, 사후 효과를 알아보기 위해 대응표본 t검증을 실시하였다. 연구 내용: PBL 수업을 활용한 수업이 전문 대학생의 현장실습 수업 참여에 미치는 효과를 확인한 결과 전문 대학생의 현장실습 수업참여와 문제해결 능력에 통계적으로 유의미한 효과를 확인하였다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구에서는 PBL 수업은 전문대학생의 현장실습 수업에서 학생들이 주도적으로 학습을 참여하고 이끌어 가는데 유의미한 도움을 주는 것으로 확인된다. 이는 결국 빠르게 변화해 가고 있는 직업 환경을 준비하는데 있어 직접 문제해결방법을 찾고 그 능력을 높이는데 도움이 되는 것으로 확인된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1998

This paper presents a visual inspection algorithm looking for solder joint defects of IC chips on PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards). In this algorithm, seven features are proposed in order to categorize the solder joints into four classes such as normal, insufficient, excess, and no solder, and optimal back-propagation network is determined by error evaluation which depend on the number of neurons in hidden and out-put layers and selection of the features. In the end, a good accuracy of classification performance, an optimal determination of network structure and the effectiveness of chosen seven features are examined by experiment using proposed inspection algorithm.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

In order to preserve water environment, Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) is used to manage the total amount of pollutant from various sources, and the annual average load of source is calculated by the unit load method. Determination of the unit load requires reliable data accumulation and analysis based on a reasonable estimation method. In this study, we propose a revised unit load estimation method by analyzing the unit load calculation procedure of National Institute of Environment Research(NIER) method. Both methods were tested using observed runoff ratio and water quality data of rice paddy fields. The estimated values with the respective NIER and revised NIER methods were highly correlated each other. However, the Event Mean Concentration(EMC) and the runoff ratio considered in the NIER method appeared to be influenced by rainfall classes, and the difference in unit load increases as the runoff and EMC increase. The error can be further increased when the EMC and runoff ratio are changed according to changes in rainfall patterns by climate change and change of agricultural activities. Therefore, it is recommended to calculate unit load by applying the revised NIER method reflecting the non point pollution runoff characteristics for different rainfall classes.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.113-122
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• 1998

The requisite numbers of sample replicates for the population study of soft-bottom benthos were estimated from survey data on the Songdo tidal flat and subtidal zone in Youngil Bay, Korea. Large numbers of samples were taken; two-hundred-fifty 0.02 m$^2$ box corers and fifty 0.1m$^2$ van Veen grabs were taken on the Songdo tidal flat and in Youngil Bay, respectively. The effect of sampler size on sampling efforts was investigated by pooling the unit samples in pairs, fours, eights, etc. The requisite number of sample replicates (n$_r$) was determined by sample variance (s$^2$) and mean (m) function (n$_r$:s$^2$/P$^2$m$^2$), at P=0.2 level, in which s$^2$ and m were calculated from the counts of individuals collected. For example, seven samples of 0.02 m$^2$ corer for the intertidal and two samples of 0.1 m$^2$ van Veen grab for subtidal fauna were required to estimate the total density of community. The smaller sampler size was more efficient than larger ones when sampling costs were compared on the basis of the total sampling area. The requisite number of sample replicates was also predicted ($\^{n}$n$_r$) by substituting $\^{s}$$^2$ obtained from the regression of s$^2$ against m using the Taylor's power law ($\^{s}$$^2$:am$^b$). The regression line of survey data on s$^2$ and m plotted on log scale was well fitted to the Taylor's power law (r$^2$${\geq}$0.95, p<;0.001) over the whole range of m. The exponent b was, however, varied when it was estimated from m which was categorized into classes by its scale. The fitted exponent b was large when both density class and the sampler size were large. The number of sample replicates, therefore, could be more significantly estimated, if regression coefficients (a and b) would be calculated from sample variance and mean categorized into density classes.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1267-1267
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• 2001

The existing fruit sorter has the method of tilting tray and extracting fruits by the action of solenoid or springs. In peaches, the most sort processing is supported by man because the sorter make fatal damage to peaches. In order to sustain commodity and quality of peach non-destructive, non-contact and real time based sorter was needed. This study was performed to develop peach sorter using near-infrared spectroscopy in real time and nondestructively. The prototype was developed to decrease internal and external damage of peach caused by the sorter, which had a way of extracting tray with it. To decrease positioning error of measuring sugar contents in peaches, fiber optic with two direction diverged was developed and attached to the prototype. The program for sorting and operating the prototype was developed using visual basic 6.0 language to measure several quality index such as chlorophyll, some defect, sugar contents. The all sorting result was saved to return farmers for being index of good quality production. Using the prototype, program and MLR(multiple linear regression) model, it was possible to estimate sugar content of peaches with the determination coefficient of 0.71 and SEC of 0.42bx using 16 wavelengths. The developed MLR model had determination coefficient of 0.69, and SEP of 0.49bx, it was better result than single point measurement of 1999's. The peach sweetness grading system based on NIR reflectance method, which consists of photodiode-array sensor, quartz-halogen lamp and fiber optic diverged two bundles for transmitting the light and detecting the reflected light, was developed and evaluated. It was possible to predict the soluble solid contents of peaches in real time and nondestructively using the system which had the accuracy of 91 percentage and the capacity of 7,200 peaches per an hour for grading 2 classes by sugar contents. Draining is one of important factors for production peaches having good qualities. The reason why one farm's product belows others could be estimated for bad draining, over-much nitrogen fertilizer, soil characteristics, etc. After this, the report saved by the peach grading system will have to be good materials to farmers for production high quality peaches. They could share the result or compare with others and diagnose their cultural practice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.661-672
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• 2017

내생균류는 숙주식물 내에서 생물학적 그리고 비생물학적 스트레스로부터 저항성을 갖는데 도움을 준다. 수생식물은 수생환경에 서식하며 육상식물보다 수분스트레스에 더 많이 노출되어있다. 본 연구에서는 제주에 있는 남생이못, 수장동습지, 용수저수지, 강정천 4개의 습지에서 11개의 수생 수변식물을 채집하여 연구하였다. 전처리를 통해 식물 외생균을 제거하고 뿌리에서 내생균류를 분리하였다. 남생이못에서 126균주, 수장동습지에서 22균주, 용수저수지에서 44균주, 강정천에서 32균주가 분리되어 총 224개의 내생균류를 분리하였다. 분리된 균은 ITS를 이용해 동정한 후, 다양성 분석을 하였다. 남생이못에서 분리된 내생균류는 4개 문(Phylum), 7개 강(class), 12개 목(order), 19개 과(family), 30개 속(genus)로 구분되었다. 수장동습지에서 분리된 내생균류는 4개 문, 5개 강, 6개 목, 11개 과, 11개 속으로 구분되었으며, 용수저수지에서 분리된 내생균류는 4개 문, 5개 강, 7개 목, 12개 과, 13개 속으로 구분되었다. 강정천에서 분리된 내생균류는 1개 문, 2개 강, 5개 목, 7개 과, 9개 속으로 구분되었다. 4개의 습지에서 공통으로 분리된 속은 Alternaria속, Colletotrichum속, Fusarium속이었다. 향후 내생균류의 다양한 생태학적 분포와 다양성 규명에 대한 연구에 기초자료로 이용될 것이다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2007

Problem solving takes place not only in mathematics classes but also in real-world. For this reason, a problem and the structure of problem solving, and the enhancing of success in problem solving is a subject which has been studied by any educators. In this direction, the aim of this study is that the strategy used by students in Turkey when solving oral problems and their achievements of choosing operations when solving oral problems has been researched. In the research, the students have been asked three types of questions made up groups of 5. In the first category, S-problems (standard problems not requiring to determine any strategy but can be easily solved with only the applications of arithmetical operations), in the second category, AS-SA problems (problems that can be solved with the key word of additive operation despite to its being a subtractive operation, and containing the key word of subtractive operation despite to its being an additive operation), and in the third category P-problems (problematic problem) take place. It is seen that students did not have so much difficulty in S-problems, mistakes were made in determining operations for problem solving because of memorizing certain essential concepts, and the succession rate of students is very low in P-problems. The reasons of these mistakes as a summary are given below: $\cdot$ Because of memorizing some certain key concepts about operations mistakes have been done in choosing operations. $\cdot$ Not giving place to problems which has no solution and with incomplete information in mathematics. $\cdot$ Thinking of students that every problem has a solution since they don't encounter every type of problems in mathematics classes and course books.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-84
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• 1999

This study is to examine the current problems of teaching gifted children and suggest elements(or factors) to be considered in setting up goals thereof by analyzing incumbent teachers awareness. 121 teachers were arbitrarily selected from 30 different kindergartens located in Seoul and Anyang, and they were interviewed with two parts questionnaires(or opinions) of improving current practice. The first part of the questionnaire is composed of the questions about teachers awareness of gifted children, actual state of teaching gifted children, effects of teaching in kindergarten for gifted children, and desired direction for teaching improvement. The second part of the questionnaire provided interpretation of precociousness by study habit, creativity and definitive properties and asked the number of children qualified in their classes. Since the results of the first interview as to awareness of gifted children were dismal, 40 teachers were thereafter randomly selected again, and the second interview was warranted. The results alarmingly revealed that program of teaching gifted children were barely existing even though the teachers awareness for the needs of special education for the precocious as well of study materials and programs thereof was high. In addition, the teachers familiarity of gifted children was surprisingly low. At the second interview whereby gifted children was explained, the teachers awareness of gifted children was dramatically improved to 40% in comparing with 7.4% at the first interview without explanation of gifted children. Teachers awareness of gifted children was low because of lacking direct or indirect experience of having gifted children and special programs therof in their classes as well as teachers nonchalance. Therefore not only adequate training and education of teachers, but also cultivation of qualified teachers for special programs for the precocious are obligatory. Training of incumbent teachers and determination of gifted children are prerequisite for timely discovery of gifted children and adequate education for them. Development of special education programs and diffusion are also crucial.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.628-648
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• 2016

Increased attention has been paid to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in various environmental matrices due to their toxicological behavior in the ecosystem and development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In the this review, 37 target antimicrobials were selected based on annual sales of antibiotics for livestock in South Korea 2014. Also, extraction and clean-up methods for the determination of the antibiotic residues in liquid samples including water, milk, and honey were comprehensively reviewed in the literature. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was commonly used as a pre-treatment method for the samples. Most of the analytes were extracted in acidic conditions (2.5~4.0) except for aminoglycosides, which were extracted in neutral conditions (7.0~8.0). ${\beta}-Lactams$ showed the highest recoveries in neutral pH due to their degradation characteristics in acidic media. Starta-X, Oasis HLB, and Oasis MCX were frequently applied as an SPE cartridge and Oasis HLB showed the highest recoveries for the majority of antibiotic classes. The homogenized honey and milk were extracted by mixing with acids for deproteinization. Solids and other interfering substances in the extract were eliminated by centrifugation followed by membrane filtration or SPE before injection into HPLC.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 The Third Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium
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• pp.288-295
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• 1998

This paper proposes a new data classification method based on the tolerant rough set that extends the existing equivalent rough set. Similarity measure between two data is described by a distance function of all constituent attributes and they are defined to be tolerant when their similarity measure exceeds a similarity threshold value. The determination of optimal similarity theshold value is very important for the accurate classification. So, we determine it optimally by using the genetic algorithm (GA), where the goal of evolution is to balance two requirements such that (1) some tolerant objects are required to be included in the same class as many as possible. After finding the optimal similarity threshold value, a tolerant set of each object is obtained and the data set is grounded into the lower and upper approximation set depending on the coincidence of their classes. We propose a two-stage classification method that all data are classified by using the lower approxi ation at the first stage and then the non-classified data at the first stage are classified again by using the rough membership functions obtained from the upper approximation set. We apply the proposed classification method to the handwritten numeral character classification. problem and compare its classification performance and learning time with those of the feed forward neural network's back propagation algorithm.